Young, Black sexual minority men (YBSMM) in the South experience disproportionately high HIV incidence rates, related to experiences of intersectional stigma. Black women are often key support figures for YBSMM. This observation led to the development of "PrEP Utilization through Increasing Social Capital among YBMSM Networks with Women" (US NoW), an intervention in which Black women serve as facilitators of sexual health discussions with groups of YBSMM to enhance social capital, reduce impacts of intersectional stigma, and promote pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. However, during formative qualitative interviews, numerous women selected as facilitators expressed homophobic views that could jeopardize intervention success and participant safety if left unaddressed. We therefore developed a facilitator training curriculum specifically for Black women in the South, with a goal to mitigate these risks and strengthen support offered to YBSMM. The curriculum is rooted in established cultural competence and humility educational frameworks, with training delivery informed by learner-centered teaching methods. The completed training-facilitated by a researcher who identifies as a Black sexual minority man-utilized interactive activities and discussions to teach women about bias, cultural competence and humility, HIV, and LGBTQ-focused sexual health topics. Overall, this training resource aims to equip Black women facilitators with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to effectively engage with YBSMM in a PrEP intervention. More broadly, we highlight the importance of addressing bias to provide non-stigmatizing sexual health support to LGBTQ+ individuals.

This study aims to highlight key figures and organizations in solar energy forecasting research, including the most prominent authors, journals, and countries. It also clarifies commonly used abbreviations in the field, with a focus on forecasting methods and techniques, the form and type of solar energy forecasting outputs, and the associated error metrics. Building on previous research that analyzed data up to 2017, the study updates findings to include information through 2023, incorporating metadata from 500 articles to identify key figures and organizations, along with 276 full-text articles analyzed for abbreviations. The application of text mining offers a concise yet comprehensive overview of the latest trends and insights in solar energy forecasting. The key findings of this study are threefold: First, China, followed by the United States of America and India, is the leading country in solar energy forecasting research, with shifts observed compared to the pre-2017 period. Second, numerous new abbreviations related to machine learning, particularly deep learning, have emerged in solar energy forecasting since before 2017, with Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Recurrent Neural Networks the most prominent. Finally, deterministic error metrics are mentioned nearly 11 times more frequently than probabilistic ones. Furthermore, perspectives on the practices and approaches of solar energy forecasting companies are also examined.

Analysis of herd manager daily routines and interrelations with production and health and economic key figures of dairy farms-A case study.

This article presents the scientific conclusions related to the natural science hypotheses found in the intellectual correspondence (Q&A letters) between Abu Rayhan Beruni and Abu Ali Ibn Sina — two key figures considered vital sources in the development of socio-philosophical thought during the first Renaissance period in Uzbekistan. The article also explores the social and philosophical aspects of natural philosophy as reflected in the views of Beruni and Ibn Sina.

Abstract China’s sudden Lifting of zero-COVID controls in December 2022 triggered a nationwide mortality surge. Using verifiable death records of social elites, such as academicians and key political figures, we estimate a conservative lower bound on excess mortality during the exit wave. We find that elite weekly mortality rates rose 5–tenfold in the weeks following the reopening, implying at least 1.44 million excess deaths nationally. Nevertheless, further analysis reveals that China’s total mortality cost during the entire pandemic remains low relative to comparable countries, as COVID-19 was largely under control from 2020 to 2022. The deaths of social elites highlight the pandemic’s reach across all societal strata and have far-reaching impacts on society. Using academia as an example, we demonstrate that while the deaths of academicians result in significant losses of valuable expertise, those deaths enhance academic upward mobility and accelerate generational turnover. Our findings underscore the need for better preparedness in future public health emergencies.

Abstract This article explores the “centripetal” and “centrifugal” dynamics in the literary history of Shkodra, drawing on Eqrem Çabej’s conception—and particularly his approach—to opposing tendencies in cultural and identity formation. By examining key figures and works from Barleti, the Dukagjinis, and the Bushatlis to contemporary authors such as Ridvan Dibra and Stefan Çapaliku, the study demonstrates how Shkodra has functioned simultaneously as a center for the gathering, elaboration, and dissemination of historical and literary narratives. The article argues that the processes of “centrifugalism” and “centripetalism” are defined not only by physical migration or demographic contraction but also by the circulation of ideas, literary returns, and the rearticulating of cultural identity. In this way, Shkodra’s literary history emerges as a network of interactions in which figures, institutions, and texts produce a “topography” of tensions and convergences between remaining and departing, between centralization and dispersal.

Reason and objectivesHealth disparities are largely influenced by people's behaviour. The behavioral insights group Healthy'R (www.healthyr.nl), an expertise centre of Rotterdam municipality and Erasmus University Rotterdam combines societal issues and scientific knowledge for local public health policy making. This workshop discusses how scientific and practice knowledge about behaviour contributes to health policy making and promotion of healthy lifestyles.Added valueHealthy'R adds to a more behavioural insights driven policy practice. It develops and studies innovative interventions together with stakeholders, contributing to healthy behaviours, particularly aimed at vulnerable groups.Format and presentationsHealthy'R prioritizes three themes: • Resilience and mental health, • Environment and behaviour, • Citizens in a vulnerable situation. The scientific session consists of a brief introduction of Healthy'R, followed by four short presentations. The four presentations touch upon the core themes of Healthy'R. We will present our research on vitality in sheltered workplaces, stress and smoking behaviour, heat prevention in childcare centres, and the healthy neighbourhood approach. These presentations showcase a variety of research methods, including multimethod realist evaluation, analyses of behavioural determinants, participatory intervention studies, and policy evaluations. Together these presentations demonstrate how Healthy'R works with transdisciplinary teams on health issues, including scientists, professionals from policy and practice and community key figures. The session concludes with a brief discussion on the transdisciplinary and practice-based approach of Healthy'R.Key messages• A behavioural insights group enables the collection of researchable questions from the city.• Health affects areas like poverty and work, requiring engagement of policy makers and societal partners.

In this paper, I explore how the ithyphallic hymn for Demetrius Poliorcetes engages with conflicting interpretations of the Athenian literary past. I show how the hymn draws on Attic tragedy to associate Demetrius with two key figures of the dramatic stage: the divine Dionysus and the heroic Oedipus. I begin with a detailed analysis of the hymn’s intertextual engagement with Euripides’ Bacchae and Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus and Oedipus at Colonus. On the surface, both Dionysus and Oedipus serve as flattering mythical exempla: the hymn exploits local literary idioms to legitimize and authorize Demetrius’ divine power, just as its theological reflections appropriate Athenian philosophical thought. Yet despite this overt praise, both figures are polyvalent and ambiguous models, through which the hymn also provides a more subversive undercurrent of coded Athenian resistance. The ithyphallic hymn not only seeks to secure Demetrius’ ongoing favor, but also hints at the king’s ultimate fragility and participates in a broader cultural contest between Athens and Macedon for control of the Attic tragic tradition.

Mohammed Abusalih Mohammed Mansoor, commonly known as “Ustādh Mansoor” or “MAM Mansoor” by his followers and the general public, has emerged as a prominent advocate for Islamic reform in Sri Lanka over the last three decades. As a dedicated scholar of the modern evolution of Islam, Mansoor is a key figure within the reformist Islamic intellectual circles in the country. His ideas reflect the complexities and dynamics of Islamic reform within Sri Lanka’s religious landscape, which has often been overlooked compared to the broader context of Islam in the subcontinent. Relying on primary and secondary sources and employing thematic content analysis, this paper aims to address this oversight by exploring Mansoor’s reformist discourses and their implications for shaping the concept of contextualized idealism. Mansoor defines this concept as the process of adapting global developments in Islamic thought to local contexts. The paper argues that while Mansoor’s reformist ideas may not significantly contribute to the global discourse on Islamic reform in terms of originality, his uniqueness lies in his ability to relate global ideas to the local sociopolitical realities of the country. Finally, it concludes that Mansoor’s project has effectively positioned him as an alternative religious authority, challenging traditional theological and legal institutions in the country.

This study explores the leadership values of Mrs. Ruswo, a key figure in the March 1, 1949, General Offensive during Indonesia’s struggle for independence. It aims to examine how her leadership can be integrated into contextual history learning to support character education, particularly in developing students’ leadership qualities. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, data were gathered through literature review, semi-structured interviews with historians and educators, and field observations at relevant historical sites. The study focused on extracting leadership traits exemplified by Mrs. Ruswo and their pedagogical applications in secondary education. Findings reveal that Mrs. Ruswo demonstrated exceptional leadership through community mobilization, logistical support, and women's empowerment during the independence struggle. Her core leadership values include courage, social care, perseverance, vision, and empowerment. These values are aligned with the goals of character education and can serve as practical models in history teaching. Integrating Mrs. Ruswo’s leadership into history education through a contextual approach—such as reflective discussions, leadership projects, and field-based learning—enables students to relate historical content to real-life leadership challenges. This method fosters deeper engagement, critical thinking, and personal development. Educational implications highlight that incorporating local female figures like Mrs. Ruswo in curriculum design not only enriches historical understanding but also promotes inclusive and value-based education.

Abstract. The Ocean is essential to life on Earth, regulates the climate, supports rich biodiversity, sustains livelihoods, and inspires cultures and societies. However, unregulated human impacts are putting the Ocean and its ability to contribute to humanity at risk. The Starfish Barometer is a new initiative launched on World Ocean Day (8 June 2025) to provide a concise, science-based annual overview of the multiple dimensions of the Ocean through the lens of its interdependence with humanity. Each year, the Starfish Barometer will present a carefully curated selection of Ocean-related developments, chosen for their global significance and grounded in the most up-to-date scientific evidence, intended for a broad non-specialist audience. Rather than offering an exhaustive review, it will spotlight key aspects, robust, evidence-based, and reflective of major developments of the year. The Starfish Barometer emphasizes the two-way relationship between humanity and the Ocean: we impact its future, and it shapes ours. Its distinctive format, a five-armed starfish with the current state of the Ocean on the top arm, visually represents the balance conveyed by the four remaining arms: human-induced pressures that are undermining Ocean health, the resulting harms to society, the Ocean protection efforts underway, and the opportunities that the Ocean continues to offer to humanity. Key figures from the 2025 edition illustrate the alarming state of the Ocean. Sea level has risen by 23 cm since 1901; in 2023 alone, the losses from tropical storms and flooding totalled USD 102 billion. The 2024 Ocean temperatures broke the 64-year record, with sea-surface temperature and marine heatwaves showing a marked increase globally. Marine animal food production reached a record 115×106 t in 2022, yet 37.7 % of fish stocks remain overexploited, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable practices. Declared protection policies currently cover 8.34 % of the Ocean's surface, while marine biodiversity is under threat, with now 1677 marine species recorded as being at risk of extinction.

Alevism has a rich cultural and historical background, with charismatic and religious leaders playing a central role in both belief and social systems. These leaders provide spiritual guidance and are key figures in maintaining social norms, values, and community cohesion. Their influence reinforces a shared identity and strengthens unity and solidarity. Like many traditional societies, Alevism is structured around such authority figures, who bear the responsibility of preserving cultural heritage and ensuring social order. These leadership structures allow Alevi communities to transmit cultural values across generations and build resilience against external pressures. However, globalization and modernization present new challenges to these traditional frameworks. In response, the adaptability of leadership and authority becomes increasingly vital. This study, based on a literature review, aims to examine the leadership structures and authority relations within Alevi communities. It explores how these frameworks contribute to preserving cultural identity while adapting to societal change. Understanding Alevi leadership sheds light on broader traditional leadership dynamics and helps anticipate how such structures may evolve in the future. Through this analysis, the study contributes to discussions on cultural preservation and the ongoing relevance of traditional leadership in a changing world.

<i>Chinsan Sego</i> 晉山世稿is a collection of literary works compiled by Kang Hŭimaeng (姜希孟, 1424-1483), containing the poems and writings of his grandfather, father, and elder brother. The collection includes the works of Tongjeong Kang Hoe-baek (姜淮伯, 1357-1402), Wanyeokjae Kang Seok-deok (姜碩德, 1395-1459), and Injae Kang Hŭian (姜希顔, 1418-1465).</br><i>Chinsan Sego</i> is particularly significant as it’s one of the earliest <i>sego</i> 世稿 “a type of family literary collection” publications from the Chosŏn Dynasty. It served as a model for later sego compilations, profoundly influencing the genre. Its importance was officially recognized on December 18, 1998, when it was designated as National Treasure No. 1290 (privately owned) by the Cultural Heritage Administration.</br>The collection, which Kang Hŭimaeng first began compiling, continued to be supplemented with the literary works of other key figures from the Jinju Kang clan throughout the Chosŏn Dynasty, adding to its historical value and legacy.</br>An examination of <i>Chinsan Sego</i> is necessary, as more than 60 copies (including incomplete ones) have been identified in institutions both in Korea and abroad.</br>This research aims to correct inaccuracies found in existing studies and institutional records regarding the publication dates and related information. Furthermore, based on previous research, it seeks to identify the overall state of the various editions, organize them into a clear lineage, and rectify any identified errors. Ultimately, the goal is to understand the characteristics and significance of the publication of Chinsan Sego as it continued throughout the entire Joseon Dynasty.</br>Previous studies have identified either six or ten different editions of Chinsan Sego. Based on these findings, this study compares and analyzes the existing research to correct errors in publication dates and determine previously unknown dates as accurately as possible.</br>This analysis ultimately identifies five distinct editions of <i>Chinsan Sego</i>: The first edition (1474), The second edition (1491), The 1658 edition, The 1845 edition, The 1959 edition. This research examines the unique characteristics found in each of these five editions.

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in assassination attempts and terrorist attacks targeting political leaders worldwide. This study empirically analyzes 33 major cases of attacks on heads of state and key national figures from 1963 to 2025, aiming to identify correlations between the timing of attacks and the circadian vulnerabilities of executive protection officers. Key variables include the time of day, type of attack, success rate, and seasonal characteristics, all examined through the lens of circadian rhythm theory. Results show that incidents occurred most frequently in the afternoon and evening, with a high success rate for attacks executed during late-night hours—particularly gun attacks—suggesting that physiological and cognitive impairments among protectors may contribute to operational failures. The study also highlights that winter, weekends, and evening hours are high-risk periods for successful attacks. Unlike previous research focusing primarily on external threats or attacker motives, this study emphasizes internal, physiological factors affecting security personnel. It is the first empirical analysis in Korea to explore temporal patterns and vulnerabilities in executive protection. Based on the findings, the study proposes strategic countermeasures such as MR-based training systems with digital humans, fatigue monitoring via wearable devices, and circadian rhythm-informed shift scheduling. These recommendations serve as a scientific foundation for the development of advanced executive protection systems in both public and private sectors.

This article examines the role of the strategy of play in the process of deconstructing socialist realism mythology, more particularly aviation discourse. The research focuses on works by V. M. Shukshin, whose artistic method incorporated both elements of traditionalist prose and play strategies of postmodernism. The author employs structural and typological methods and mythopoeic analysis. The writer’s work reached its zenith during the period of decomposition of the socialist realism canon, which led to the reflexive nature of the texts. One of the central characters in the writer’s artistic world is the maverick, a kind of antithesis to the socialist realist “positive hero”, whom contemporary researchers include in the trickster paradigm. The author analyses the functions of trickster characters associated with aviation at the plot level. Aviation discourse is fundamental to Soviet cultural mythology due to its close connection with the idea of the “new man” capable of becoming the hero of the era. In Shukshin’s texts, there is a deconstruction of the symbols of official culture associated with aviation. In contrast to the socialist realist aviator, a cultural hero, a trickster “aviator” appears. Although he is not a pilot by profession, he retains some of the characteristics of the ideal Soviet hero, which take on negative connotations. The canonical aviator is only mentioned, without being a character in the story, which symbolically refers to the idea of the impenetrability of the boundaries of utopia. The idea of flight in the writer’s prose is associated with motifs of fear, catastrophe, and death. The situation of travelling through the air is traumatic for the characters; only tricksters with the potential to overcome boundaries are capable of such a journey. In the image of an airplane, the villager perceives a machine devoid of soul, experiencing fear and bewilderment. From a child’s perspective, an aircraft – whether a toy or a broken one – becomes a vivid symbol of the Soviet utopia, whose boundaries are impenetrable. Shukshin’s use of polyphony in his prose allows for the exploration of artistic heterogeneity, as depicted through the perspectives of various characters. Such polyphony is characteristic of the writer’s strategy of play; it becomes one of the important tools for deconstructing the complexes of meaning in socialist realism, and the trickster is a key figure in this process.

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the landscape and research trends of artificial intelligence (AI) applications within higher education. Utilizing data from the Scopus database, encompassing 4,696 datasets from 1939 to 2024, we employed VOSviewer for visualizing and analyzing co‑authorship networks, citation patterns, and keyword occurrences. The analysis identifies primary research areas, influential authors, and emerging topics, offering valuable insights into the dynamic field of AI in higher education. Key findings include the identification of significant research themes such as AI applications in education, student engagement, and the development of learning systems. Influential contributors were highlighted for their substantial impact on the research landscape. The study also revealed strong collaborative networks, particularly involving key figures, underscoring the importance of co‑authorship in advancing AI research. Strong collaborative networks refer to the co‑authorship and international partnerships that connect these contributors, producing high‑impact research through shared expertise, resources, and cross‑regional knowledge exchange. The findings validate the hypotheses that significant research areas and influential contributors can be identified, and that collaborative networks and emerging technologies play crucial roles in the field’s advancement. Influential contributors are the authors, institutions, or countries whose publications and citation impacts significantly shape the research landscape of AI in higher education, setting key directions for scholarship and practice. This study provides a roadmap for future research, emphasizing the importance of strategic collaborations and innovative technologies in shaping the future of AI in higher education.

ABSTRACT Mrs America, a 2020 TV miniseries created by Dahvi Waller, examined the history of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the USA, highlighting the struggles between feminist and anti-feminist groups that affected the amendment’s failure to gain ratification in the 1970s. The protagonist, portrayed by Cate Blanchett, was Phyllis Schlafly, a conservative political activist who worked tirelessly to prevent the ratification of the amendment by means of an active discreditation campaign. Historically, Schlafly utilised dissociation of certain aspects of the amendment text to favour her anti-ERA interests and employed a variety of rhetorical strategies to persuade her listeners of the correctness of her ideas. This article analyses how Schlafly’s rhetorical strategies, particularly her use of dissociation, are dramatized to shape the portrayal within the miniseries, with a focus on three key rhetorical figures. These figures, choice, presence, and communion are presented as devices used to enhance dramatic tension while nevertheless remaining rooted in Schlafly’s real-life writing and public statements. While the series dramatized many aspects of Schlafly’s personal life, it can thus be seen to provide a relatively nuanced representation of her role in shaping conservative activism, offering an invitation to viewers to critically assess the cultural tensions of the period.

The article examines the evolving interest in Zoroastrianism in Poland, from early literary references and Romantic-era mythmaking to modern academic research and popular culture. It traces how Zoroastrian themes were shaped by European influences and Polish identity narratives, highlighting key figures such as Ignacy Pietraszewski and the development of Iranian studies. The paper also explores contemporary scholarly research on Zoroastrianism and its communities, and discusses the emergence of pseudoscientific discourse employing Zoroastrian motifs in Polish popular culture.

ABSTRACT TikTok is a pivotal platform for political communication, especially among younger users. This study examines how the German rightwing populist party Alternative for Germany (AfD) used TikTok to disseminate populist messages and engage users during the 2024 European elections. By analyzing videos posted by AfD politicians in the three months leading up to the elections, we identified the main populist messages and assessed their impact on user engagement compared to other parties. Applying LLM-enhanced topic modeling of video transcriptions, we identified twelve themes, grouped into three types of populist discursive strategies: (1) Protectionism against Horizontal Threats, with imagined enemies on the ‘eye level’ (e.g., migrants and ‘wokeists’), (2) Protectionism against Vertical Threats, with imagined enemies being in positions of structural power (e.g., anti-elitism), and (3) Concerns of the People, with diffuse and abstract roots of the problem (e.g., fears of inflation, security, or loss of individual rights). While horizontal out-group attacks and vertical anti-elitism garnered higher average engagement, most content focused solely on anti-elite and concern-related themes. Thus, going beyond theories of right-wing populism that emphasize identity-based exclusionary rhetoric, we show that the AfD also focused on users’ concerns. This suggests a strategy aimed at resonating with voters by combining divisive messaging with relatable issues, or even prioritizing such concerns. By mainly promoting anti-elitism alongside real-world concerns – thus obscuring the extremism of its agenda and key figures – the AfD generates significantly more engagement, outperforming all other German parties combined. Our findings raise questions about right-wing populist rhetoric in online campaigning amid growing voter insecurity.

With the rapid development of technology and its integration into various spheres of life, including education, the issue of digital competence is becoming particularly relevant. Teachers of preschool educational organizations, as key figures in the formation of the foundations of knowledge and skills in children, must have modern digital competencies in order to effectively use new tools and methods in the educational process. The relevance of the article is due to the need for the educational process to meet modern standards and the need to develop competence in the field of digital technology use. Today, teachers are required to master not only basic knowledge, but also the ability to apply it in practice. In addition, there has been a significant increase in interest in digital technologies in education in recent years. Thus, this article examines the aspects of improving key digital competencies in the system of additional professional education necessary for successful work in preschool education, and also reveals the main issues of implementing advanced training courses aimed at the need to introduce practical orientation and the use of successful practices in the application of information and communication technologies in educational institutions.