Kazan University Research Articles

CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCHERS OF ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY TO HEALTH DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK SEA REGION

For the first time considered contribution of scientists and doctors of Don region -К. S. Agadzhanyants, Z.N. Grzhebin, М.М. Gardashyan, P.P. Kovalenko, who were working at Rostov State Medical University and made a contribution in development of medicine and health science of different Black Sea regions Crimea, Turkey, Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria. Obtaining of knowledge and experience in medical activity, they were working and teaching not only in Warsaw and Don universities, but also in Sophia and Constantinopolitan universities, defended Crimea and Sevastopol during the Great Patriotic War.After Russian revolution in 1917 psychiatrist, neurologist, professor, doctor of medicine, graduate of the medical faculty of the Imperial Military Medical Academy of St. Petersburg K. S. Aghajanyants emigrated to Turkey for reasons of policy. Student of V. Bekhterev participated in the IX Pirogov Congress with report on the role of psychotherapy in dermatology, trained in Lisbon, Berlin, was a consultant on nerve diseases of the Southern (Caucasian) Front, worked in the Red Cross, taught at University of Constantinople and Sofia University. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Z.N. Grzhebin was known in the USSR as a dermatovenereologist, he worked in Rostov-on-Don, Sochi, and Crimea. A graduate of the medical faculty of Kazan University, during the First World War, he as K.S. Aghajanyants, was on the Caucasian front, trained in Berlin. Professor Z.N. Grzhebin was a member of the board of the All-Union Society of Dermatovenerologists, dealt with problems of syphilis, skin lesions with poisonous substances, and the treatment of skin diseases in resort of Sochi-Matsesta. He took part in work of the expert commissions of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, held the posts of the dean and deputy director of Rostov Medical Institute, was head of the dermatological clinic and scientific part of the scientific research balneological institute of Sochi. Together with him worked native of present-day Turkey, the director of the Rostov Medical Institute M.M. Gardashian, whose fate was still classified in the state archives of Russia and the Rostov region after unreasonable political repression. Having headed work of Rostov Medical Institute, while holding the post of director, as well as an associate professor of the department of surgery faculty, in 1936 under his leadership a number of students of the Release of 1941 who during the Great Patriotic War rendered medical assistance to inhabitants of Crimea, defending Sevastopol, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Novorossiysk. P.P. Kovalenko, graduate of the Fiery Release, after the war, headed the Department of General Surgery, became a Rector of Rostov Medical Institute, was first in the USSR to organize a regional tissue bank that provided donor tissues to the hospitals of Crimea and the North Caucasus, and represented the USSR in Romania in exchange of experience. Studies of the fate of doctors and Don scientists who made a significant contribution to the development of medicine and health in the regions of the Black Sea region are interdisciplinary and international. They reflect the development of the internal and foreign policy of the USSR, the difficult period of political repression, forced emigration, and the exchange of medical experience of the universities of Black Sea region.

Diode-pumped LiY0.3Lu0.7F4:Pr and LiYF4:Pr red lasers

The laser quality LiY0.3Lu0.7F4:Pr and LiYF4:Pr fluoride single crystals were grown in Kazan University by the Bridgeman technique. Spectral-kinetic properties of LiY0.3Lu0.7F4:Pr and LiYF4:Pr crystals have been investigated. For the first time, laser oscillations of LiY0.3Lu0.7F4:Pr crystal have been obtained on 3P0 → 3F2 transitions (λ = 640 nm) under multimode diode pumping at 442 nm, with a slope efficiency of 9 %. Also, continuous-wave lasing has been obtained for LiYF4:Pr crystal at 640 nm under the same pumping condition with a slope efficiency of 8.5%. The maximum output power of 340 mW has been achieved for both crystals.

Традиции восточной археографии в Казани и Казанском университете

This article is devoted to the history of the development and elaboration of the eastern archaeography in Kazan, which is addressed to the trace and study of oriental manuscripts in Arabic writing. It’s been revealed that archaeoraphical studies with far more than bicentenary tradition were discovered due to oriental studies in Kazan University. Also, the aforementioned studies were influenced by academicians’ gathering activity of Razryad vostochnoy slovesnosti and by Tatar enlighteners and intellectuals. The authors have closely examined an entirely new phase in the development of archaeographical studies, which took place in 60-s of the 20th century after regular archaeoraphical expeditions. Due to that, the number of manuscripts and black-letter books in the Science Library’s funds of Kazan University has dramatically increased. An establishment of Archaeographical laboratory turned out to be a logical continuation of previous expeditions that were oriented to the enlargement of cameralistic research, to the composition of inquiry publications and to the preparation of unique handwritten texts for printing. The authors of the above-named article have also defined perspectives of eastern archaeography’s development in Kazan University.

RESOURCE CENTER ‘KHUSH KILDEGEZ, MERHABA!’ FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION AND ISLAMIC STUDIES AT THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, HISTORY AND ORIENTAL STUDIES OF KAZAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

The article takes a look at the visit of the chairman of the Russia Mufties Council, chairman of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia to the Resource Center for the Development of Islamic Education and Islamic Studies at the Kazan Federal University. The article describes several events that took place during the visit: the speech of the Mufti, presentation of the Resource Center and a number of presentations of major publications — the work of Kayum Nasyri (1825–1902) on Quran «Miftah alQuran» (The Key to the Quran), a bibliographic research dedicated to Persian manuskripts preserved at the Kazan University Library and a multimedia project «Tatar Muslim Culture of the Volga region» (in Russian, Tatar, English) prepared in collaboration with Indiana University.

To the 150th anniversary of pathological anatomy department of Kazan medical university

The article presents data on the main stages of formation and development of the pathological anatomy department of Kazan (Imperial) University from department approval under the auspice of Professor A.V. Petrov in December, 1965 to its reorganization by merging of two departments - Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology in June, 2014. Data on the department heads for the 150-year history are summarized, the main directions of scientific research conducted under the department heads supervision are described. Particular consideration is given to the Kazan scientists-pathologists achievements and contribution in fundamental and practical pathological anatomy, related subjects, clinical practice, social sciences, students’ education and doctors of various specialties training. Joint General Pathology department faculty new challenges are identified, namely transition plan generation, educational process radical restructuring in order to optimize it according to modern requirements for the higher and postgraduate education system. Initiated and conducted measures in connection with the department reorganization in the framework of new General Pathology discipline allowing to preserve the pathological anatomy structural and organizational integrity as a basic science, which is also of great practical importance, are presented.

Enlightenment from the East: Early nineteenth century Russian views of the East from Kazan University

<p>В статье прослежено, как ряд авторов в первые годы существования Казанского университета (осн. в 1804 г.) рассматривали Восток одновременно как себя и Другого. Ренессанс ориенталистики в этот период видел в Востоке источник знания и света. Это объясняет преобладание более позитивного взгляда на Восток, чем в конце XIX века, когда в Россию из Европы проникла имперская враждебность к Востоку.</p><p>Старшее поколение казанских авторов 1810-х годов испытало влияние екатерининского классицизма и переняло его тропы, вновь сделав Восток центром российских дел и воспевая соединение Востока и Запада. На младшее поколение большее влияние оказал сентиментализм. Оно считало Восток близким себе, но все же отдельным от себя.</p><p>Изучая этих авторов, мы глубже понимаем, как Россия и Восток взаимосвязаны на институциональном, интеллектуальном и личностном уровне.</p>

Formation of Iranian Studies at the Kazan University (19th–Early 20th Centuries)

The article involves the historical and scientific study of the Iranian Cultural Heritage in Russia in the 19th century. It presents the background of the Persian language and literature teaching at Russian universities. Initiators and the ways the Iranian Studies developed at the Kazan University are mentioned. The historical events dealing with political and cultural relations of the peoples of the Volga-Ural region and Iran are summarized. It focuses on a variety of materials, covering the events, the heritage of Orientalists and Iranian scholars and results in the formation of Iranian Studies at the Kazan University in the 19th century. This research will provide valuable information regarding scientific and educational activities of Orientalists of the University, associated with teaching the Persian language, linguistic, literary, historical, ethnographic studies of the history and culture of Iran.

The Usage of Distance Education Practice of the World Leading Universities in Russian Multiethnic Region

A large number of functions and features within the system have made it popular Moodle virtual learning space used in major universities such as Stanford, Princeton, Oxford, London School of Economics and other courses on a variety of subjects are available on the university servers, including on economic disciplines. The aim of this work was to analyze the principles and to use e-learning practices in 70 of the best universities in the world in development of copyright-based distance learning courses in Moodle of Kazan University (Russia). Wherein, we used the methods of grouping and regional analysis and the method of survey. The author and his colleagues developed a series of e-learning resources in disciplines of “Economic geography”, “Regional Economics and Management”, etc. The analysis of using the system of Moodle in above universities for teaching economic subjects revealed a number of features: a) the simplicity and popularity of the LMS «Moodle» resonates with students from many universities., and b) nowadays plug language packs allow you to achieve full localization in 43 languages Moodle. The plan of the KFU science group is using the system in Tatar language, c) courses allow students to study in convenient (it is important for students with disabilities), but with limited time. In addition, students have the opportunity to co-create educational audio / video resources in several languages (Russian, Tatar, English). And this means creative and researching development of the students in a multinational region.

Constructivist Models of Teaching in Development of Civil Cosmpetencies and Personal Qualities of Students

The article is dedicated to the influence of constructivist model based teaching in a university upon development of civil competencies with students, as well as upon building of active civil and life attitude with them as a result of development of appropriate personal qualities. Involvement of young people in publicly significant activities, overcoming of political apathy are viewed as most important factors of development of democracy and civil society in Russia. Empirically, the study is based on the results of triangulation content analysis of students’ essays and questioning of students of full course units of five Humanities departments of the Kazan University, conducted by the authors of the article as part of the project of application of constructivist models of teaching in education process at Humanities departments (2011, n = 386; 2012, n = 244).

Russian University Oriental Studies and Sinology in Kazan and Teaching Chinese in the First Kazan Gymnasium (The First Half of the XIX Century)

Formation of the Russian academic and university sinology, institutional stages, tendencies and features of development of oriental studies as educational and scientific discipline – one of the most important theoretical and applied problems. The XIX century demonstrated the main educational, scientific and organizational and research stages of formation and development of university oriental studies and sinology in Russia and Europe. Especially Kazan and St. Petersburg universities were the largest centers of Russian and European orientalism, including sinology of the XIX – the beginning of the XX centuries. In the basis of the Russian oriental studies, including sinology were external and internal political, trade and economic, scientific and cultural relations with countries of the East, major problems of socio-cultural development of the East of Russia and foreign Asia, the European oriental science and education and, in particular, original national research schools and cultures of the Eastern peoples of Russia. Kazan and the Kazan University have played a crucial role in formation and development of education and science about the East. The main aim of this article is to submit the review of development of the Kazan center of Russian university oriental studies, in particular sinology in the first half of the XIX century, the main activities and a contribution of professors and teachers to studying of history and culture of China at imperial Kazan university and teaching Chinese in the First Kazan gymnasium.

The Role of Professor V.I. Razumovskiy and His Disciples in Pediatric Surgery Formation in Kazan

The history of pediatric surgery development at the Medical Faculty of the Kazan Imperial University and Kazan city is full of white spots. The most important among them, in our opinion, is that published biographies of Imperial Kazan University’s and Kazan State Medical Institute’s prominent pediatricians and surgeons almost do not contain information about their role in the formation of pediatric surgery as a separate specialty. Even in detailed biography of professors Nikolay Aleksandrovich Tolmachev and Vasiliy Ivanovich Razumovskiy, we only find a description of their activities as a pediatrician and a surgeon. In view of the above, this paper provides unpublished reliable information to reflect their contribution to the development of pediatric surgery in Kazan. The initial stage of the official establishment of the pediatric surgical diseases course at the Kazan Imperial University medical faculty, followed by foundation of pediatric surgery faculty at the Kazan State Medical Institute, is described. Biography of the first pediatric surgeon of Kazan Imperial University Vladimir L. Borman is presented. While analyzing the historical facts, it’s worth noticing that many organizational and personnel matters of delivering pediatric surgery classes to the students of Kazan Imperial University Medical Faculty and Kazan State Medical Institute were mainly resolved due to the efforts of outstanding for their time Kazan Imperial University professors: pediatricians N.A. Tolmachev, P.M. Argutinskiy-Dolgorukov, surgeon V.I. Razumovsky and his disciples - V.L. Borman, V.L. Bogolyubov, I.F. Kharitonov.

Геологическому музею Казанского университета — 210 лет

Геологическому музею Казанского университета — 210 лет

To the 100th anniversary of the Kazan imperial university clinic of mental disorders

The article is devoted to the history of Kazan Imperial University clinic of mental disorders form its foundation to the modern days. The priority of V.M. Bekhterev in claiming the need for building the contemporary clinic of mental disorders for Kazan Imperial University is highlighted. The role of University professors N.M. Popov, V.P. Osipov, G.Ya. Troshin, T.I. Yudin, M.P. Andreev, clinic’s head doctor S.V. Kurashov in construction, arrangement and organizational management of the hospital, is outlined. Construction decision-making and its timeline, including functioning difficulties during the First World War and Soviet Union establishment, are described. The mental disease studying process management is described, as well as the order and terms of other Kazan University departments’ temporary accommodation in the building of the hospital. The activity of the clinic during the Second World War, as well as the structural post-war and modern time changes are depicted.

Outstanding representative of Kazan scientific school of ophthalmology: professor V.V. Chirkovsky (dedicated to the 140th anniversary of his birth)

Article is devoted to the jubilee of V.V. Chirkovsky, who headed the Department of Ophthalmology of the Kazan University from 1922 to 1929, and was a rector of the University from 1923 to 1925. He was also the director of the wWorld’s first Trachoma Research Institute named after E.V. Adamyuk (Kazan). The article outlines his outstanding organizational skills, resulting in creating ophthalmologic departments and scientific schools of ophthalmology in Tomsk, Irkutsk, Perm, Kazan and Leningrad (Saint Peterburg). During his work in Kazan, V.V. Chirkovsky was elected as a rector of the Kazan University, in this position he served until 1925. He led the university during a harsh period: the country experienced economic collapse, university professors led a beggarly life, but he managed to preserve the two most important faculties of the university - medical and physic-mathematical, and to keep the professors of the university. The creation of Trachoma Research Institute allowed not only to strengthen the fight against trachoma in Tatarstan, but also to completely eliminate it in our and neighboring regions (Republic of Mari El, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, etc.). In 1929 professor V.V. Chirkovsky moved to Leningrad, where he headed the Department of Ophthalmology of the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute and headed the Leningrad Research Institute of Ophthalmology named after Girschman until 1952. During his active life, professor V.V. Chirkovsky authored about 100 scientific papers on various aspects of ophthalmology. His main publications were related to the study of trachoma, the disease that he has defeated.

Modification of the Active Learning Methods in Environmental Education in Russian Universities

The use of modern educational technology is very important for the effective training of environmental specialists with psychology of leadership, taking responsibility for the future of the planet and regions. The aim of the present work was to analyze the current active learning methods that are used for educational purposes in the field of the environment at the Russian universities. It was revealed that the most active methods used in environmental education are such modern active methods as role-playing, simulation training games, game situations. Simulation training computer games, game situations, training exercises, and role-playing on the professional incarnation (the role of an expert ecologist, environmental auditors, and others) have been successfully used for the preparation of environmental experts at the Kazan University (Russia). In order to analyze economic projects as part of the impact assessment on the environment with environmental requirements modifications of business games (involving the students as members of the expert committee) were developed. The modifications were tested on groups of 30 students. Active creative work, group analysis, team thinking, leadership development, making the right decisions are the results of it.

History of the development of endocrinology in the Republic of Tatarstan

May 14, 2014 marks 200 years since the establishment of the Medical Department of the Imperial Kazan University (now Kazan State Medical University, KSMU). Since the XIX century, scientists of the Kazan Medical School studied physiology and pathology of the endocrine system. The first researchers were interested in the problems of endemic goitre, diabetes mellitus, and function of the adrenal glands. In 1976, the Endocrinology Department was organised in the Kazan State Medical Institute, the first among universities of the RSFSR. The head of the Department, V.V. Talantov, became the chief non-staff endocrinologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and organiser of the Association of Endocrinologists in the RT. Moreover, he contributed to the organisation of the endocrine service in the republic and endocrinology began to be taught as an independent discipline. V.V. Talantov was a member of the Scientific Council of Endocrinology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Deputy Chairman of the Committee of Endocrinology Problems of the Ministry of Health, and a member of the editorial boards of four medical journals. The research in the field of endocrinology is now actively continued on the endocrinology course at KSMU. In-depth study of various aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications was selected as the first-priority.

The role of the Kazan university in formation of medical faculty at Novorossiysk university

The medical faculty at Novorossiysk University in Odessa (nowadays - Odessa National Medical University) was established in 1900. The aim of the review is to outline the impact of medical scientists from Kazan University on forming the lecturing staff of the medical faculty in Odessa. The article reviews previously published and newly discovered source data. The first head of the department of diagnostic medicine and propaedeutics of the medical faculty was Sergey Vasilyevich Levashov, professor of Kazan University. He took up the position of professor at the department of internal medicine of the teaching hospital of Kazan University in June of 1886. In January of 1903, he was transferred to Novorossiysk University, which was a solid addition for the new faculty. Professor Leontiy Ivanovich Uskov followed professor Levashov on his way from Kazan to Odessa. In 1889 he graduated from gymnasium in Tambov, in 1894 - from medical faculty of Kazan State University magna cum laude, worked as a military doctor, since 1900 - as an ordinary resident of professor Levashov at the department of internal medicine of the teaching hospital of Kazan University. In 1903, Professor Nikolay Mikhaylovich Popov (in 1894-1903 - professor of the department of mental diseases at Kazan University) also transferred to Odessa. Professor Popov was the founder and the first head of the department of neurology and mental diseases in Odessa. Alexey Erastovich Yanishevsky, who was the student of Professor N.M. Popov in Kazan, followed him to Odessa. Another student of Professor Popov, Vladimir Nikolaevich Obraztsov, who graduated from medical faculty of Kazan University in 1898 and was recommended by Professor Popov for extraordinary residency at the department of mental diseases at Kazan University a year after, transferred to Odessa in 1904. Another alumnus of Kazan University, Bronislav Ivanovich Vorotynsky, was teaching at Novorossiysk University. In 1901 he left the position of extraordinary assistant professor of the department of mental diseases at Kazan University after being appointed as a head doctor of the Odessa city mental hospital; since 1905 he was a freelance university lecturer of the department of neurology and mental diseases at Novorossiysk University. Therefore, the lecturing staff of one of the country’s oldest medical schools contributed to establishing the new site of higher medical education in Russia.

The history of kazan medical scientific societies and their role in solving crucial questions of medicine and healthcare

The second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century is rightly named «The Golden Age of Russian science». At this time, scientific schools in Russia, including Kazan Emperor’s University and its medical faculty, established at May 14, 1814, were uprising. On the eve of 200-year jubilee of Kazan State Medical University the study of cooperation between Kazan medical scientific schools with medical scientific societies is of major importance. Their shared impact in public healthcare development is the subject of the article. The first medical scientific society established in 1868 was the society of Kazan doctors. Its history can be divided to 3 periods. The first period - 1868 to 1875 - is the establishment of the society as an independent scientific institution. The second - 1877 to 1917 - is the activity affiliated with Kazan University. The third - 1917 to 1931 - activities during the Soviet era, associated with establishment of a novel healthcare system. After the first Russian revolution (1905-1907) the process of creating specialized medical scientific societies, intimately connected to the appropriate medical scientific schools, has started. In 1931, the society of Kazan doctors was reorganized into the Regional association of medical scientific societies. Together with the society of Kazan doctors, there were: a society of natural scientists in Kazan University (1869), Kazan society of military medicine and sanitation (1886), Kazan branch of the Russian society of the healthcare (1880), Kazan society for fighting with children’s mortality and infective diseases (1909), League for fighting tuberculosis (1912) and sexually transmitted diseases (1918), also making an impact in developing medicine and healthcare. Independent medical scientific societies are created in the thirties of the XX century. Kazan medical scientific societies had a great impact in healthcare development in the XIX-XX centuries and promoted the development of Kazan medical scientific schools. Medical faculty of Kazan Emperor’s University, Kazan State Medical Institute and Kazan State Medical University played a great role in foundation and development of medical scientific societies in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The department of normal anatomy - veteran department of the Kazan medical school

Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia. The development of the Kazan anatomy scientific school from its foundation to modern days is shown. The period when the department was headed by E.F. Aristov, an outstanding medic, tutor, reformist, the alumna of Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy, who founded the basis of teaching descriptive and general anatomy and pathology in Kazan University, raised several generations of doctors and is rightly considered to be the founder of Kazan anatomy scientific school, is traced. The period when the faculty was headed by an outstanding anatomist and further founder of physical culture science, progressive public man P.F. Lesgaft is also described. The activity of V.N. Tonkov, an outgoing expert in anatomy and related sciences - comparative anatomy, histology and embryology, who has published the first part of the «Handbook of normal anatomy», which was the beginning of a considerable book series for students, is detailed. The works of the brilliant anatomist and medicine historian, excellent lecturer and great tutor V.N. Ternovsky are overlooked. His scientific legacy consists of over 100 works on morphology and history of medicine. The translations, publishing and editorship of treatises of the ancient doctors made by him are of special value. The activities of the department headed by the student of V.N. Ternovsky - professor V.N. Murat, who was a talented scientist, manager and tutor, is described. He was surpassed by A.G. Korotkov, E.S. Valishin, A.P. Kiyasov. Nowadays O.N. Eremeeva heads the department of normal anatomy. The history of the senior department that had laid the foundation of higher medical education in Kazan over than 200 years ago, still continues.

The founder of russian gynecology Alexander Alexandrovich Kieter

In 2013, it is 200th birthday anniversary of the first student of the outstanding N.I. Pirogov, brilliant Russian doctor and scientist, surgeon, obstetrician and gynecologist, the founder of the Russian surgical obstetrics Alexander-Ludwig Alexandrovich von Kieter. He was born on August 20, 1813 in Venden (nowadays - Latvia), studied at Riga gymnasium and medical faculty of Tartu University, from which he graduated magna cum laude, after that he was offered a job at the surgical clinics, where he was an assistant and a student of N.I. Pirogov. In 1839 as a successor of N.I. Pirogov, he took charge over the department of surgery in Tartu University. In 1840 he had transferred to Kazan, where he got the position of associate professor, and in 1848 - ordinary professor of the department of theoretical surgery of Emperor’s Kazan University. Apart from surgery, he was also interested in obstetrics. Together with F.I. Elachich, he performed the transvaginal oncotomy with a favorable outcome. Published description of that case made the authors globally famous. In 1849, he returned to Saint Petersburg as a professor of the department of obstetrics, gynecology and children’s diseases of the Emperor’s Medical and Surgical Academy and headed the department of obstetrics in 2nd Infantry hospital. In 1858, he took a charge over «Pirogov’s» department of hospital surgery, and was appointed as the head doctor of the surgical department in 2nd Infantry hospital. He retired in 1870, and died on March 22, 1879. He was buried at Volkovo Lutheran Cemetery of Saint Petersburg.