Kazan University Research Articles

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF JAMES MILL (1773–1836) IN THE INTERPRETATION OF FEDOR ZELENOGORSKII (1839–1908)

In the article, a little-studied question of the critical interpretation of the philosophical and psychological position of the representative of Scotland tradition James Mill (1773–1836) in the university philosophy, especially in the work of Kharkiv Professor Fedor Zelenogorskii (1839–1908) is presented. At first, the main periods of scientific and creative career of Fedor Zelenogorskii, including his studying at the Kazan Clerical Academy (1862–1864) and the historical-philosophical faculty at the Kazan University (1864–1868) are considered. Then his scientific internship from 1871 till 1873 in Germany and Switzerland is emphasized. During that period, he attended lectures of such famous Professors as Moritz Drobisch (Leipzig), Eduard Zeller (Heidelberg), Friedrich Albert Lange (Zurich, and Marburg), who was the author of the work “Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart” (1866). Then the features of the teaching and the publications of Fedor Zelenogroskii in his “Kharkiv period” (1874–1908) are pointed out, during which he was, at first, private docent, then extraordinary and ordinary professor of philosophy. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s works at this time comprise three areas: 1) Antique philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Aristippus of Cyrene), 2) works in the history of philosophy, for instance, Kharkiv university philosophy and Ukrainian philosophy (J. B. Schad, A I. Dudrovich, M. N. Protopopov, G. S. Skovoroda, at al.), 3) logic, psychology and pedagogic. In the last group, his doctoral monograph “On mathematical, metaphysical, inductive and critical research and proof methods” (1877) was of great importance. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s very important work was his monograph “Essay of Development of Psychology from Descartes to our Time” (Kharkiv, 1885). The positions of well-known philosophers (Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Berkley, Leibniz, Locke, and John Stewart Mill) and less-known thinkers (Glisson, Bonnet, and James Mill) were here analyzed. Fedor Zelenogorskii’s critical interpretation of the psychological viewpoint of James Mill in his two volumes work “Analysis of the phenomena of the human mind” (1829, 1869) occupies an important place in this analysis. According to him, Chapter III. “The Association of Ideas” of James Mill's work played a key role. James Mill appears here as a representative of associative psychology (David Hartley, Thomas Brown, J. F. Herbart, John Stewart Mill). The Kharkiv philosopher gave credit to James Mill for his contribution to the development of the causal law in Chapter “XXIV. The Will” of this work. In turn, Fedor Zelenogorskii’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of the Scotland philosopher and psychologist James Mill, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from the work “Analysis of the phenomena of the human mind”.

V.P. VASILYEV’S RESEARCH TRAVEL TO BEIJING (THE 19TH CENTURY)

This paper reviews the development of Chinese studies at Kazan University in the first half of the 19th century. The article presents an evaluation of the role and the main scientific results accomplished by V.P. Vasiliev in China as a member of the Beijing Ecclesiastical Mission. The authors conclude that academic criticism, reflections on the commonness of the East and the West, criticism of European colonial policy, humanism and believing in the future of Asian peoples including China, evaluations of economical, political and spiritual progress of the Chinese people, the humanism of the Chinese culture, criticizing conservatism and dogmatism of the Imperial China, etc. were typical for Vasilyev as a scholar and thinker.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЦИВИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В 1928–1932 гг.: А.М. ВИНАВЕР И С.Н. БРАТУСЬ

РАЗВИТИЕ ЦИВИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В 1928–1932 гг.: А.М. ВИНАВЕР И С.Н. БРАТУСЬ

On the 75-th anniversary of magnetic resonance (EPR) discovery. Pages in history. The development of radiospectroscopy at Kazan University

On the 75-th anniversary of magnetic resonance (EPR) discovery. Pages in history. The development of radiospectroscopy at Kazan University

К ВОПРОСУ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КОБАЛЬТА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ДРЕВНЕРУССКОГО СВИНЦОВОГО СТЕКЛА

In the Old Russian glassmaking, beginning in XI century and based on the production of lead glass, cobalt was used very rare. Until recently only three assured cases of cobalt usage for blue coloration of bracelets and beads were fixed. In addition, two cases of probable cobalt coloration were published in the middle of the preceding century, but owing to weakness of analytical methods of those times, the presence of cobalt was under detection limit. During the last twenty years another seven samples containing cobalt were analyzed by the author. These bracelets and beads were excavated in Old Russian towns and cities such as Suzdal, Vladimir, Smolensk, Tver, Dmitrov. All artifacts occurred from the strata of pre-Mongolian time dated to XI–XIII centuries and manufactured of potash lead glass. In addition, one blue bracelet of this type comes from Bolgar, the city of medieval Volga Bulgaria, and was analyzed in Kazan University. These analyses together with the two earlier ones are present in the table. The earliest Russian glass article, coming from Kievan St. Sophia Cathedral founded in 1036, only with a high portion of doubt can be determined as a product of Russian workshop. As opposed to all other analyzed artifacts it is a piece of tessera from one of the earliest Russian temples, and demonstrates an extremely high content of cobalt side by side with enhanced content of sodium. This glass, as well as two other artifacts, contains antimony, probably used as opacifier. Another common feature of all samples with antimony is higher content of calcium. One artifact has an enhanced content of manganese, whereas in two others the blue coloration had not been achieved. In spite of some new information for cobalt usage these facts indicate that cobalt blue colorant was imported to Russia occasionally from different sources and tradition of its usage in the pre-Mongolian time had not been developed.

И.П. Филевич и Карпатская Русь Часть 1. Биография

Ivan Porfirevich Filevich (August 20 (September 1), 1856 – January 7 (20), 1913) – a Russian historian, publicist, and public figure, born in Chełm Land to the family of a Uniate priest, a native of Galicia, Orthodox. He graduated from St. Petersburg University, later taught Russian language, literature, and history at the First Realschule and at the Gymnasium of the Imperial Philanthropic Society in St. Petersburg. Since 1890, he worked at the Department of Russian History at the Imperial Warsaw University, first as an extra-ordinary professor, and since 1897 as an ordinary professor. His origin predetermined his interest in the history of Carpathian Rus, in particular Galicia and Chełm Land, and its population. In 1890, he received a Master’s degree for his work “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galician-Vladimir Legacy”. In 1897, he defended his doctoral degree at Kazan University on “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population”. He frequently travelled across Carpathian Rus. Having retired in 1908, he devoted himself to journalistic and social activities. Ivan Filevich authored monographs: “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galicia-Vladimir Legacy. Historical Sketches” (1890) and “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population” (1896), as well as numerous studies, among which were: “A Forgotten Corner” (1881), “Ugric Rus and Related Issues and Tasks of Russian Historical Science” (1894), “Sketch of the Carpathian Territory and Population” (1895), “On the development of geographical nomenclature” (1899), “Concerning the theory of two Russian nationalities” (1902), “The question of two Russian nationalities and ‘Kievan Antiquity’” (1902), “Carpathian Rus on the eve of the 20th century” (1905), “From the History of Carpathian Rus. Essays on Galician-Russian Life Since 1772 (1848–1866)” (1907) etc. Many of his minor materials (criticism and bibliographies) were published in Izvestia of the St. Petersburg Slavic Charitable Society, Slavic Review, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, Warsaw University News, etc. In his last years, Filevich was actively involved in social and journalistic activities, popularizing scientific knowledge and informing readers about Western Russian, especially Chełm and Polish issues. His articles were published mainly in Novoye Vremya. He drew up notes and historical references for the development of legislative proposals on the Chełm and presented historical, statistical, and economic materials in the Duma commission on the separation of Chełm. Filevich managed to see the results of his work. The law “On the formation of Chełm province from the eastern parts of the Lublin and Sedletsk provinces, with its removal from the administration of the Warsaw Governor-General” was approved on June 23 (July 6) 1912. However, in fact, the province was officially opened on September 8, 1913, after I.P. Filevich’s death.

Общие черты жизни иранской и русской элиты на примере жизни Джалала Але Ахмада и Л. Н. Толстого

In this scientific work, we consider the role of educators in the Iranian-Russian cultural societies by bringing up examples of the life of two famous writers: Jalal Ale Ahmad and L. N. Tolstoy. The years of the life of both thinkers are twisted by eternal questions about the social state of life of their people and the welfare of their homeland. They both came to the conclusion that the role of teaching is a lot in the destiny of man. Parenting forms the personality of a person. Both thinkers began to work as teachers in schools. Like major writers and educators, both of them belonged to the elite layers of their society. They expressed their thoughts through the prism of their literary works. They both dropped out: Jalal dropped out of his higher education in his final year of postgraduate studies in Persian literature; L. N. Tolstoy could not adapt himself to the education system of Kazan University. Both writers delve deeply into the issue of religion. In the last years of their lives, they left their homes: Tolstoy abandons his house at the age of which he is so fragile and even cannot stand the freezing weather of Winter; he falls ill and succumbs to death at Astapovo station. In the last years of his life, Jalal and his wife went to live in a village in Gilan province. With this decision, they were both trying to change their life condition.

РОЛЬ УЧЕНЫХ-ЦИВИЛИСТОВ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В СТАНОВЛЕНИИ И РАЗВИТИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ ТАССР

РОЛЬ УЧЕНЫХ-ЦИВИЛИСТОВ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В СТАНОВЛЕНИИ И РАЗВИТИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ ТАССР

Медицинская микробиология на страницах «Ученых записок Казанского университета» (летопись 1879 года)

The journal “Scientific notes of Kazan University” (the name was changing slightly at different times) has more than two centuries of history and has always been published as an interdisciplinary publication. The content of the journal included reports on the Humanities and Natural Sciences. The works of Kazan physicians published there have always enjoyed special interest due to their great practical significance: the issues of combating various infectious diseases (cholera, plague, tuberculosis, measles, and others) were often covered on the pages of “Scientific notes”. In this respect 1879 turned out to be special — the problems of infectious diseases, their prevention and legal regulation of anti-epidemic measures were presented by scientists of Kazan University. The article analyzes the works of Florinsky, Vysotsky, Shpilevsky, Shestakov, Skvortsov, Dogel, Pashutin, Shcherbakov, Potekhin, Lyubimov, Studensky, Zaitsev and Stepanov, who published their works in “Scientific notes” in 1879, and assesses their contribution to the development of natural science in Russia in the last quarter of the XIX century.

РОЛЬ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ДУХОВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ ТАТАР ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

РОЛЬ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ДУХОВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ ТАТАР ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

I. I. Tolstoy During the Years of the Great Patriotic War

The author observes the life of Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy, the specialist in classical studies, and his relatives during the years of the Great Patriotic War (1941—1945). The article is based on the published memories of I. I. Tolstoy’s daughter L. I. Tolstaya, the letters by I. I. Tolstoy addressed to his friends and colleagues and some other documents stored in the Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The beginning of the war I.I. Tolstoy’s family faced in Leningrad. In the autumn of 1941 his son Ivan, who was called up to the people’s militia, went missing. The family did not want to believe in his death and for a long time refused to leave the besieged city as the departure from Leningrad meant for them the final loss of hope for the possibility of communication with Ivan. In April 1942 I. I. Tolstoy, being appointed as senior researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, left Leningrad for Kazan by train with the other employees of the Institute. In July 1942 his family also went to Kazan for evacuation. On the way his wife S. V. Melikova-Tolstaya became seriously ill and soon died. In December 1942 I. I. Tolstoy started to work at N. Ya. Marr Institute of Language and Thought of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. During his stay in Kazan he was actively engaged in research in the field of Greek language and ancient literature, as well as lecturing to the students of Kazan University. In July 1945 I. I. Tolstoy’s family returned to Leningrad.

ПРАВОВЫЕ ИДЕИ ПРОФЕССОРОВ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА А.Т. БАЖАНОВА И Н.С. ЗАХАРОВА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ УКРЕПЛЕНИЯ ЗАКОННОСТИ И ПРАВОПОРЯДКА

ПРАВОВЫЕ ИДЕИ ПРОФЕССОРОВ КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА А.Т. БАЖАНОВА И Н.С. ЗАХАРОВА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ УКРЕПЛЕНИЯ ЗАКОННОСТИ И ПРАВОПОРЯДКА

УЧАСТИЕ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В УКРЕПЛЕНИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

УЧАСТИЕ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА КАЗАНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В УКРЕПЛЕНИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The history of manufacture and use of microsopes at Kazan university

The history of manufacture and use of microsopes at Kazan university

Shihabaddin Mardjani and the Muslim Archive in Russia

Shihabaddin Mardjani (1818-1889) was one of the first Muslim scholars in the Russian empire to approach conceptually the challenge of Russian imperial scholarship (Kemper, 1998, pp. 462-465). Despite his readiness to speak to audiences beyond the circles of Muslim elites (for example, by participating in the scholarly proceedings at Kazan University), Mardjani largely remained in the confines of Islamic tradition with its specific approaches to the production of knowledge. As the library of Mardjani either have been lost in fire or dispersed in many private collections, his works in the manuscript and published form remain the main source of analysis for historians of today. Still, there are documents from the personal archive of Mardjani that allow us to judge about the nature of his approach to remnants of the past, i.e. his view on the Muslim concept of legacy.

Family Education in the Scientific Heritage of Kazan University’s Scientists

Family Education in the Scientific Heritage of Kazan University’s Scientists

Symposium of the journal "Herald of Civil Procedure": History, Current State and Development Prospects

The journal «Herald of Civil Procedure» annually gathers outstanding scholars and practitioners in the field of civil procedure in Kazan. Within the 5 years, the Symposium of the journal has become a real tradition, gained annual participants, friends and listeners, as well as created a platform for large-scale discussion at the highest level. The first and each subsequent symposia are very similar to each other, but every year there is something new, a kind of highlight, giving the event a uniqueness and impetus to move forward, develop, and improve the level.The first Symposium was held in the Spring of 2014, its theme was designated as «The Evolution of the civil process: issues of comparative law and national law». The second Symposium, held in 2015, was devoted to the reform of the civil process and its current state. The 2016 Symposium, the third in a row, was named «Kazan arbitration day: development of the rule of law and regional problems». The fourth Symposium of the journal «Herald of Civil Procedure» was named the «Electronic justice and information technologies in civil proceedings» and was held on September 29, 2017.In 2018 the V Annual Symposium of the journal was devoted not only to civil procedure, but also to some aspects of substantive law, as it was devoted to the issues of evidentiary law, which made it possible to invite academics and legal practitioners, as well as experts in the field of evidence and establishment of evidence to participate in the event. A striking contribution to the Symposium was the participation of academics-representatives of various law schools of Russia, practicing lawyers, representatives of the judicial community, as well as academics of Kazan University.

COLLISION WITH THE SOVIET REALITY: WAYS OF ADAPTATION OF PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS OF KAZAN UNIVERSITY N.N. PARFENTJEV

The article raises the problems of professional adaptation of university intelligentsia of the Tatar province/Tatar ASSR in 1920-1930s. In particular, the social practices of Professor of Mathematics of Kazan University N.N. Parfentjev are studied. Involvement of the complex of archival documents in the research allowed revealing the ambiguous position of the university intelligentsia in relation to the social changes that took place in the professional sphere. During the period under study, there is a rich palette of adaptive practices used by scientists, ranging from demonstrating full loyalty to the new government and ending with a hostile attitude to all Soviet initiatives. Of particular interest is the position of the scientists who occupied a marginal position. These include N. N. Parfentjev. The scientist, often demonstrating loyalty to the new power, was able to use the Soviet structures and realize his scientific and professional luggage in the new conditions. The article proves that the adaptation practices used by Professor Parfentjev were characteristic of a number of scientists, which led to changes in their social and professional space and contributed to the formation of a new identity.

The Minor Impurity in Spent Ores of the "Siberian Metal": Ruthenium Turns 175.

The year 2019 commemorates the 175th anniversary of the discovery of the last of the platinum group metals, ruthenium. The discovery of this element is now attributed to the Russian chemist, Karl Karlovich Klaus (Carl Ernst Claus, 1796-1864). At that time, he was Professor of Chemistry at Kazan University, on the Volga River approximately 750 km (450 mi) east of Moscow. Klaus, whose laboratory practices violated practically every modern rule of laboratory safety, actually discovered the existence of the element in a crude extract of the spent platinum ores from the mint, by its odd taste and smell! Klaus and his discovery (including its defense against critics, who included Berzelius) are discussed here.

The Great Songbooks: Origins of the Academic Lithuanian Folksong Edition in Folklore Publications by Brothers Juška

The aim of the article is revealing the origins of the academic edition of the Lithuanian folksongs. The subject of analysis comprises the folklore heritage of the most famous collector of the traditional Lithuanian culture from the 19th century, including folksongs, wedding customs, and lexical data – priest Antanas Juška (1819–1880). He recorded over 7000 of Lithuanian folksongs, including 1852 melodies. Juška accumulated the majority of these songs during a comparatively short period of time, i. e. approximately in 1864–1871, and in a rather small locality of Lithuania – namely, the Veliuona parish, from about 150 performers. When editing folklore manuscripts for publication, Antanas Juška received help from his brother, linguist and pedagogue Jonas Juška, who lived and worked not in Lithuania, but in various places across the Russian empire, staying in Kazan for a longer period of time with his family. In 1880–1883, two folksong books edited by brothers Juška were published in Kazan and St Petersburg: Lietuviškos dainos (‘Lithuanian Songs’, 3 volumes comprising 1569 songs), and Lietuviškos svotbinės dainos (‘Lithuanian Wedding Songs’, 1100 songs). A detailed description of the 19th century Lithuanian wedding customs recorded by Antanas Juška in Veliuona also saw publication. It is noteworthy, however, that these publications took place during the period of banning the Lithuanian press in Latin alphabet that the tsarist Russian regime introduced following the uprising of the 1863. The possibility to publish the folksong books by brothers Juška in Lithuanian was the result of an active campaign by professor of the Kazan University Baudouin de Courtenay and other members of the Russian Academy of Science, who supported Lithuanians and the Lithuanian culture. Antanas Juška collected folklore in a rather different way from his earlier colleagues – collectors and publishers of the Lithuanian folklore. He was the first in the history of the Lithuanian folklore to provide detailed data on his informants, as well as indicating places of recording and presenting multiple variants of the recorded folksongs. Besides, he sought collecting not only the most ancient and poetic folksongs (as was customary in the 19th century and later), but attempted recording all the traditional lore of the time, refusing to differentiate between the old and the new, valuable and worthless, beautiful and plain songs. The author of the article focuses on his personality, attempting to establish the features of his character that determined such intense ethnographic activity. According to his contemporaries, Antanas Juška was a lively person and a popular priest, maintaining close connections with his folklore performers. Exactly 100 years after the publication of the first part of Antanas Juška folksong book, the academic multivolume publication of the Lithuanian folksongs was launched in 1980 in Vilnius. The origins of the principles of academic edition adopted for this publication (e. g. introducing the folksong variation, dialectological editing, detailed registering of the performers’ data, etc.) can be easily recognized in the folklore publications by Juška. Besides, all the hitherto published 24 volumes of various folksong genres include songs recorded and published by Juška. Folklore materials that he recorded also come useful for the scholarly commentaries to the songs. The article also discusses the appreciation of the folksong books by brothers Juška – both at the time of their publication in the second half of the 19th century and later.