Initial Stage Of Training Research Articles

Formation of Motor Skills in Athletes in Bullet Shooting at the Initial Stage of Training

The purpose of the study – to describe the peculiarities of the formation of motor skills in athletes in bullet shooting at the initial stage of training.
 Materials and methods. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, processing of results. The analysis of the scientific and methodological literature made it possible to establish that in the technical training of young shooters the available general information is given without specifying the use of tools and methods for learning motor skills. The pedagogical observation was used to study the peculiarities of learning the technique of performing bullet shooting elements, as well as mastering motor skills.
 Results. The analysis of educational and training activities allowed to determine that learning to master the technical elements of shooting athletes at the stage of initial training requires the use of modern methods and tools. A number of educational and methodological documents were analyzed: the curriculum for the training of archery for children and youth sports schools, specialized children and youth schools of the Olympic reserve, schools of higher sportsmanship and educational institutions of sports profile; specialized literature on shooter training. In the process of analysis it was determined that the technical training of athletes occupies a significant share of the duration of the training process, and requires the use of an increased arsenal of additional tools for the effective study of shooting techniques.
 Conclusions. A detailed analysis of the specialized educational and methodological literature for the training of shooters revealed that in the group of initial training technical training is characterized by studying the basics of elements of shooting techniques, namely: racks for shooting, aiming, breathing, finger pressure on the trigger. Mastering these basics of the elements of shooting technique directly depends on quality and well-formed motor skills, which in the future will allow the athlete to achieve a high sports result.

Requirements for technical preparation of volleyball players at the stage of initial training

The development of sportsmanship of volleyball players is directly related to the mastery of technique actions and the possibility of their use in competitions. This requires the study of the content of technical preparation starting from the stage of initial of preparation. Purpose: to determine the requirements for technical preparation of volleyball players at the stage of initial training on the basis of program and normative documents. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature, synthesis, comparison, analogies, inductions and deductions, analysis of documentary materials, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It have been clarified the basic tasks for the stage of initial training. They are mostly related to improving health, promoting proper physical development and versatile physical preparedness; development of special physical qualities and abilities; instilling a lasting interest to volleyball sessions; mastering the technique and tactics of the game (initial training, confident mastery); adaptation to game conditions and competition conditions; education of manifestations of volitional qualities in the conditions of variable resistance of the opponent. Determined shares within the technical preparation of young volleyball players, which are 39 hours, 44.82% (defensive actions) and 48 hours, 55.18% (offensive actions) in the first year of training, 44 hours, 44.00% (defensive actions) and 56 hours, 56.00% (offensive actions) in the second year of training and 43 hours, 46.24% (defensive actions) and 50 hours, 53.76% (offensive actions) in the third year of training at the stage of initial training in volleyball. The recommended stages of learning the technical elements are: getting acquainted with the techniques of playing volleyball, learning the techniques of the game and tactical interactions in simplified conditions, learning the techniques of the game and certain tactical interactions in conditions close to games, consolidating game techniques. Six tests are recommended to control the technical preparedness of volleyball players in all years of initial training. Conclusions. Implementation of technical preparation involves the study of a significant part of the technique actions during the stage of initial training. However, the implementation of the content of technical preparation does not have clear regulations on the use of tools and methods at the stage of initial training of volleyball players, which significantly expands the possibilities of scientific and practical search for effective methodological approaches.

Psychological difficulties of young swimmers at the initial stage of training

At the article, the nutritional training of young swimmers at the cob stage of familiarization with the water medium is considered. The problem of fear of water is being solved, I will become a psychological child for the first time to take swimming, acquaintance with the water medium, with the coach and the team. Children from 5 to 15 years of age took part in the competition, as they participate in the sports section of swimming in the Sportlend sports club, on the basis of the Kiev Engineering Gymnasium, and 20 special students at the high school. In the robot, a questionnaire for the identification of the psychological environment for an hour to take swimming, the method of revealing childish fears of A.I. Zakharov, M. Panfilova, the "Skhodinka" technique (V. Shchur), for equalizing self-esteem with various manifestations of fear. 20% of children were found to be afraid of water. It was revealed the interplay of manifest fear of driving from the low self-esteem of an athlete. At the first lessons, the coach is especially responsible for giving respect to the fear of the drive, training the breath to win the right to "stand out of breath", "viewing the water", the child must call to "seeing the drive in disguise", step-by-step understanding the water middle. Coaches are recommended to form the first groups: small groups with anxious children, large groups with anxious children and children like not fear to the middle of the water. The basis of the technique of cob learning to swim for the minds of hydrophobia is those that the right call to the water is carried out in parallel on the shallow and deep parts of the pool and the stench will be conquered both in the vertical and in the horizontal position.

Ukrainian folk outdoor games in the system of physical training facilities for gymnasts aged 6-7 years

Purpose: to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of Ukrainian outdoor games to increase the level of physical preparedness of 6-7 year old gymnasts. Material & Methods: the study involved 22 female athletes aged 6-7 years old involved in artistic gymnastics. The main and control groups included 11 female gymnasts each. Ukrainian outdoor games were included in the training process of the main group. Results: the results of the study indicate that the proposed methodology, by which female gymnasts of the main group (MG) trained, contributed to a more pronounced (p<0,05; p<0,01) increase in the level of physical fitness compared to the results of female athletes of the control group (CG) who trained according to the traditional program for the development of physical qualities, except for the development of flexibility, where there was a statistically unreliable difference between the performance of female gymnasts of the main and control groups (p>0,05). Conclusions: results of the implementation of the methodology for increasing the level of physical preparedness of female gymnasts aged 6-7 years using Ukrainian folk outdoor games testify to its effectiveness. The results obtained allow us to recommend the developed methodology for use in the training process of young female gymnasts at the stage of initial training.

Video-Based Microsurgical Education versus Stationary Basic Microsurgical Course: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Study.

Repetitive training is essential for microsurgical performance. This study aimed to compare the improvement in basic microsurgical skills using two learning methods: stationary microsurgical course with tutor supervision and self-learning based on digital instructional materials. We hypothesized that video-based training provides noninferior improvement in basic microsurgical skills. In this prospective study, 80 participants with no prior microsurgical experience were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, trained under the supervision of a microsurgical tutor, and the intervention group, where knowledge was based on commonly available online instructional videos without tutor supervision. Three blinded expert microsurgeons evaluated the improvement in basic microsurgical skills in both groups. The evaluation included an end-to-end anastomosis test using the Ten-Point Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10) and a six-stitch test on a latex glove. Statistically significant differences between groups were identified using standard noninferiority analysis, chi-square, and t-tests. Seventy-seven participants completed the course. Baseline test scores did not differ significantly between groups. After the 4-day microsurgical course, both groups showed statistically significant improvement in microsurgical skills measured using the MARS10. The performed tests showed that data for self-learning using digital resources provides noninferior data for course with surpervision on the initial stage of microsurgical training (7.84; standard deviation [SD], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.25-8.44) to (7.72; SD, 2.09; 95% CI, 7.07-8.36). Video-based microsurgical training on its initial step provides noninferior improvement in microsurgical skills to training with a dedicated instructor.

Analisis Latihan Bowling Olahraga Cricket Pada Atlit Pemula U-17 DKI Jakarta

This study aims to determine the results of bowling cricket training for U-17 athletes in DKI Jakarta. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Sports Science, State University of Jakarta as a training ground for cricket athletes for U-17 athletes in DKI Jakarta. The research method used is descriptive quantitative research method and the technique used is survey. This study aims to determine the level of success and failure of the throwing skills of the DKI Jakarta U-17 cricket athlete team. The technique of this research is a survey, calculated from each throwing ability carried out in the form of a percentage of success. The trick is to calculate the success and failure of the ability to throw. The population in this study were all novice athletes who participated in the DKI Jakarta Cricket training, totaling 27 athletes. The data from the athletes' bowling test revealed that at the initial training stage of less than 6 months the training was still slow, namely the category of lacking in bowling techniques, while at the 2-year training stage it had entered the strong/good category.

Pre-service Teachers' Knowledge: Analysis of teachers' education situation based on TPACK

This paper identifies the knowledge that emerges from collaborative situations, in an initial teachers’ education with integration of digital technology for teaching of function, in a blended and collaborative modality course, aiming to emerge Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in pre-service teachers. The method comprised the design of a teachers’ collaborative training experiment. The experiment had five phases, from a theoretical discussion to plan an Instrumental Orchestration to teach function with digital resources. Collaboratively, students worked in groups. The participants were students from a Mathematics teachers’ education. The experiment took place in the Teaching Methodology of Mathematics discipline at a public university in Brazil. This article focuses on the analysis of students’ knowledge in the planning stage, carried out collaboratively. The data analysis pointed out the three types of Technological, Pedagogical and Content knowledge were identified in different phases of the experiment, sometimes collectively, sometimes individually. In addition, we also identified that some intersections of TPACK emerged from the interactions; despite being in the initial stage of training, the students show pedagogical knowledge linked to knowledge of the content they had at the time of the training experiment.

A UAV Pursuit-Evasion Strategy Based on DDPG and Imitation Learning

The UAV pursuit-evasion strategy based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is a current research hotspot. However, this algorithm has the defect of low efficiency in sample exploration. To solve this problem, this paper uses the imitation learning (IL) to improve the DDPG exploration strategy. A kind of quasiproportional guidance control law is designed to generate effective learning samples, which are used as the data of the initial experience pool of DDPG algorithm. The UAV pursuit-evasion strategy based on DDPG and imitation learning (IL-DDPG) is proposed, and the algorithm obtains the data from the experience pool for experience playback learning, which improves the exploration efficiency of the algorithm in the initial stage of training and avoids the problem of too many useless exploration in the training process. The simulation results show that the trained pursuit-UAV can flexibly adjust the flight speed and flight attitude to pursuit the evasion-UAV quickly. It also verifies that the improved DDPG algorithm is more effective than the basic DDPG algorithm to improve the training efficiency.

INDIVIDUAL APPROACH IN MOTOR ABILITIES DEVELOPMENT FOR 9-11 YEAR OLD FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

In modern life, playing sports, including volleyball, are considered as a form of ball sport included in the world system of sports competitions. Volleyball, is widely represented in the Olympic Games program, and also in professional sports. The goal of every volleyball is to move the ball to a specific location on the opponent’s playground and prevent it from falling to your playground. In this time, each team member is responsible for her link, and also insures team members. As the game unfolds volleyball make it possible for movement co-ordination, force, speed, endurance and flexibility. The purpose of the article is methodology improvement of motor abilities development for 9-11 year old female volleyball players at the stage of initial training. The research was performed at the Children’s and Youth Sports School of volleyball, Zaporizhia. It was attended by 40 girls aged from 9 to 11, who were divided into control (CG n=20) and experimental (EG n=20) groups. All girls were classified in the main medical group. The improvement methodology included such parts as: general physical training, special physical training, technical and tactical training, block of theoretical knowledge and games of physical skill. The analysis of the ball scoring after the experiment showed that the data from the control group and the experimental group were ranked at a mark of 2 to 5 points in almost all tests. But the performance of the experimental group turned out to be more intense. The positive influence of the improvement methodology has been stated. The efficiency of the given methodology has been proved by the obtained data.

Technology of Teaching Game Techniques in Volleyball at the Stage of Initial Training

Purpose. To scientifically substantiate the method of teaching game techniques at the stage of initial training to increase the level of technical fitness of young volleyball players. Materials and methods. The experimental research involved 36 young volleyball players born in 2011 – 18 athletes from the CI “Zaporizhzhia Regional Children and Youth Sports School” of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Council (main group) and 18 athletes from the CI “Vilniansk City Children and Youth Sports School ‘Kolos’” (comparison group) during the 2020-2021 academic year. Results. In the course of experimental research, the indicators of physical fitness of young volleyball players of the main group significantly increased in 80% of tests. The analysis of technical fitness indicators of young volleyball players of the main group shows that the introduction of the author’s method affects their positive dynamics in the tests: consecutive wall passes from a 3 m distance in 30 s; consecutive overhead passes in 30 s; consecutive forearm passes in 30 s; tennis ball toss over the net to the front line; tennis ball toss over the net to the back line (statistically significant differences, if p < 0.05). Conclusions. The author’s method of teaching game techniques in volleyball is effective and contains the algorithm of teaching, the levels of mastering game techniques, the stages of teaching game techniques, the sequence of teaching game techniques, the classification, occurrence and prevention of young volleyball players’ errors in the process of teaching game techniques, differentiation of exercises.

Indicators of speed and strength abilities of young fencers 12-13 years old

Background and Study Aim. The health of a young athlete in the early stages of training is a mandatory element of the training process. This is a guarantee of the integrity of the process of training athletes for the next stage of preliminary basic training. The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of speed and strength qualities of young fencers 12-13 years old at the stage of initial training. Material and methods. Fencers (n=13, age – 12-13 years, sports experience – 3 years) took part in the study. The children's parents agreed to participate in the study. The following tests were used: speed of overcoming the distance of 14 meters by fencing steps forward in the on-quard position, seconds; speed of overcoming distance of 14 meters by fencing steps back in the on-quard position, seconds; hits on the target in 10 seconds, the number of times; “Standing Long Jump Test”, cm; "Vertical Jump Test", sm. The computer program Excel was used: the indicators of arithmetic mean and standard deviation were determined. Correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between the results of athletes' control standards. Statistical reliability was determined by Student's t test. Results. A sufficient level of development of speed and strength abilities for fencers of this age and qualification has been established. The relationship between the speed and strength of the muscles of the upper and lower extremities in young fencers was observed. Conclusions. The selected content and load of athletes fully meet the objectives of training. This is emphasized by the steady development of speed and strength abilities of athletes during fencing.

Stain Style Transfer for Histological Images Using S3CGAN.

This study proposes a new CycleGAN-based stain transfer model, called S3CGAN, equipped with a specialized color classifier structure. The specialized color classifier can assist the generative network to conquer the existing challenge in GANs, namely the instability of the network caused by the insufficient representativeness of the training data in the initial stage of network training. The color classifier is pretrained, hence it can provide correct color information feedback to the generator during the initial network training phase. The augmented information from color classification enables the generator to generate superior results. Owing to the CycleGAN architecture, the proposed model does not require representative paired inputs. The proposed model uses U-Net and a Markovian discriminator to enhance the structural retention ability to generate images with high fidelity.

The role of independent education in teaching physics

In this article, the student's independent work is considered, which is an integral part of the curriculum. Specific work plans and research, for the study of a certain subject. The organization of independent work of a student at the initial stage of training involves the performance of a number of tasks. Therefore, every professor - teacher should first of all instill confidence in the student. To feel your approach and methods in solving a particular scientific problem. Steadfastness and confidence in their abilities and mental abilities. Teach them to patiently, systematically organize the acquisition of independent knowledge. The article analyzes the essence, goals and objectives of independent education, as well as the role of independent education in improving the quality of education.

Компетентісний підхід як основний пріоритет викладання первинної спеціалізації та перепідготовки лікарів за спеціальністю загальна практика-сімейна медицина

Пріоритетним напрямом модернізації системи вищої медичної освіти є необхідність підвищення якості підготовки медичних кадрів. Компетентісний підхід вимагає від освітянської спільноти подальшої активізації модернізаційних процесів в системі безперервного професійного навчання і розвитку. Мета роботи є обгрунтування актуальності танеобхідності компетентісного підходу як засобу модернізації викладання на етапі первинної спеціалізації та перепідготовки лікарів загальної практики-сімейної медицини. Матеріали та методи дослідження. Проаналізовано наукові публікації, що визначають компетенції сімейного лікаря. Висвітлено напрями роботи та досвід кафедри терапії і сімейної медицини післядипломної освіти у підготовці висококомпетентних фахівців первинної ланки. езультати дослідження та їх обговорення. У статті визначено актуальність і доцільність застосування основних принципів компетентісного підходу при викладанні первинної спеціалізації та перепідготовки лікарів загальної практики-сімейної медицини. Висновки: компетентісний підхід до викладання первинної спеціалізації та перепідготовки є одним з пріоритетних в післядипломній освіті лікарів, професійна компетентність є показником професіоналізму, фахової майстерності, належної готовності до роботи. Перспективи подальшого вивчення теми. Вивчення досвіду інших кафедр післядипломної освіти щодо подальшого удосконалення викладання первинної спеціалізації з акцентом на ті життєві і професійні компетентності, що необхідні в професійній діяльності та перепідготовки лікарів загальної практики - сімейної медицини.

Features of sports motivation of teenage judoists at the initial stage of training

The article presents the results of a study of the general motivational orientation of adolescent students engaged in the judo section at the initial stage of training. It is established that students of sports sections of sports and educational institutions have different indicators in the structure of motivational orientation, which confirms the actualization of the development of scientific and methodological base in this direction; familiarization of students with the history of sports, the achievements of athletes, as well as the use of techniques and methods of training, on which the formation of a positive relationship between athletes and the coach depends.

THE FUNCTIONAL ESSENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURAL INTONATION IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE MUSICIAN'S PERFORMING SKILLS

The paper considers the functional nature of the process pronouncing formulas microstructural intonation as a tool of emotional thinking of the performing musician. One of the most important aspects in the process of education is a moment of knowledge of intonation figuratively audio messages over the time (from the initial stage of training - before the period of the mature skill) to communicate with music and the performing arts. At this stage, it generates a new vision of technology on the mechanisms of action of the essential practical and emotional thinking actions of the performing musician. Awareness of operating formulas microstructural intonation in the learning process - is, first of all, the interaction mechanisms of discourse, analogies, intuition involuntary memory. The process of casting intonation micro-macro constructions is one of the activities. This means that it has certain specific characteristics, characteristics of an activity in the general sense of the concept (activity, motivation, focus, situational, heuristics). The qualitative characteristics of the semantic formulas casting microstructure constructions as activities provide the conditions for the creation of the final product (ie - filling the artistic and imaginative interpretive content of a piece of music), which is also characterized by a certain quality (structure, consistency, commitment, information content, expressiveness, performance, automation, flexibility and dynamic). All qualities as functional essence of the process of microstructural pronouncing formulas (notional) intoning by integrating them cause emotional impact on the listener and make operational a professional suite. The use of micro-structural formulas of intonation in the practice of music pedagogy effectively, efficiently and usually operates on a conscious and sub-level procedural, that is multidirectional development of thinking of the performing musician.

Сравнительный анализ физической подготовленности глухих и слабослышащих стрелков на начальном этапе спортивной подготовки

The relevance of the study is due to the need to substantiate the differentiated exercise of physical training in hard of hearing and deaf shooters in the process of sports training. The physical fitness of deaf and hardofhearing shooters at the stage of initial training is determined as the subject of the study. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the indicators of physical fitness of deaf and hard of hearing shooters at the stage of initial training. To achieve the goal, the following research methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodical literature on the research problem, analysis of normative documentation regulating the training process in bullet shooting for athletes with hearing impairment, pedagogical observation, testing of physical qualities, methods of mathematical statistics, generalization. Results of the study: the results of physical fitness of deaf and hard of hearing shooters are analyzed; differences in the manifestation of a number of abilities between deaf and hard of hearing athletes are revealed, provisions for the development of methods of differentiated physical training with an emphasis on lagging abilities in each group are substantiated. The results of the study can be recommended for practical application to athletes with hearing impairment specializing in bullet shooting, their coaches in order to improve both the process of physical training and the implementation of its qualitative and full control.

The image of the future profession among psychology students at the initial stage of professional training

The article deals with issues of studying and shaping the image of a future profession as conceived by psychology students at first stages of their professional training in higher education institutions. The topicality of the research lies in the necessity to design a model for building the future profession’s image in this group of students. Such a model should advance knowledge of the occupation being obtained and of the future professional activities. The research objective was the theoretical and empirical substantiation of the model for shaping the image of a future profession among psychology students at the initial stage of vocational training at a university. The study suggests that the structure of image of the future profession consists of three parts: motivational, cognitive, and emotional. These components are interconnected, building an integrated whole, which was confirmed by correlation and factor analyses. Five types of the image of future profession were identified in psychology students. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment of the study, the following distribution of the sample according to the types of image of the future profession was revealed: “Non-professional” and “Professional marginal”— 33%, “Professionally Knowledgeable”— 48%, “Pre-professional” and “Professional”— 19%. The study proved that the formation of the image of the future profession among psychology students at the initial stage of professional training can be facilitated by the introduction of a comprehensive program. The results of the study will be useful to universities in shaping the image of the future profession of first-year students.

Psychological and pedagogical foundations of the formation of a motivated attitude of schoolchildren to classes in the sports section

The purpose of the study was to determine effective measures aimed at forming a motivated attitude of pupils to classes in the sports section at the initial stage of training. During the study of literary sources, the main psychological and pedagogical foundations of the formation of a motivated attitude of younger schoolchildren to classes in the sports section were identified and a practical work option was proposed. The significance of the work carried out is to determine the specifics of the formation of motivation at the stage of the beginning of a sports career. In the course of the work, such research methods as the analysis of literary sources, the method of pedagogical observation, testing, questioning, and the method of verbal questioning were used. The work carried out proved that the work of the coach, based on the study of the peculiarities of the motivational sphere of younger schoolchildren, contributes to an increase in interest in classes, which means better results.

Анализ функционально-двигательного состояния голболистов

The relevance of this research is due to the need to monitor the functional state and the level of development of the coordination abilities of young goalball players in the annual macrocycle and the insufficient formation of a set of diagnostic tests for evaluating these indicators, taking into account visual deprivation of the studied contingent. As a subject of research, diagnostic tools for assessing the functional state and coordination abilities of young goalball players are defined. The aim of the research is to analyze the dynamics of the functional state and the level of development of the coordination abilities of goalball players in the initial training groups in the annual training macrocycle. To achieve the goal, the following research methods are used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem, analysis of normative documentation regulating the training process in goalball, pedagogical observation, concretization, systematization, conducting functional tests and calculating indices based on the data obtained, testing coordination abilities, generalization. Results of the research: the features of the functional state and manifestations of the coordination abilities of children and adolescents with visual impairments are determined, the existing modified motor tests for people with visual deprivation re summarized; Functional-motor tests for athletes aged 14–16 years with visual impairments are presented and, on their basis, an analysis of training effects on the functional-motor state of goal-ball players during the annual macrocycle at the stage of initial training was carried out. The re-sults of the study can be recommended for practical application to athletes with visual impair-ments, specializing both in goalball and other sports, and their coaches in order to improve both the training process in general and quality and full control in particular.