Inbound Tourism Market Research Articles

The changing performance of inbound tourism under the fluctuation of the Renminbi exchange rate

In the context of the information age in the post epidemic period, China's inbound tourism is increasingly recovering, and related tourism products are gradually coming into the view of foreign consumers. The development of tourism is an important way to promote international relations and improve international influence, while the exchange rate plays an irreplaceable role as one of the important influencing factors of international trade. In addition, the exchange rate reflects the price conversion index between the two countries can effectively explain the international economic situation and the continuous reform of the exchange rate system on China's foreign exchange market has caused different impacts, the exchange rate fluctuations of the RMB may be outside the part of the population with the intention of coming to China to cause a certain impact. In order to explore the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the inbound tourism industry, this paper combines the background of the post-epidemic period with a view to empirically analysing the issue through macro data, and then exploring the changes in China's inbound tourism market under the fluctuation of the RMB exchange rate from multiple perspectives, as well as the transmission mechanism of exchange rate fluctuations on the inbound tourism market. Ultimately, it will provide certain reference value for the Chinese government and the related tourism industry, so as to effectively promote the development of China's tourism industry and improve China's international influence.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В РАМКАХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ, ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ТУРИСТСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

The dynamic development of tourism activities in the regions of the Russian Federation, the high interest of the population in travel, and the close attention of federal and regional authorities to tourism determine the relevance of the study, the results of which are presented in the article. The purpose of the study is to study the organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products, taking into account practical features: cooperation of tour operators, interaction with travel service providers, implementation of agency networks, etc. The research methods are: analysis of scientific publications and the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of tourism; synthesis of processes related to the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products, as well as interviews. The article provides examples of Russian interregional routes; presents the functions and conditions of the activities of tour operators and travel agents in the Russian Federation; suggests a scheme of interaction of subjects within the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products at the interregional level; presents organizational aspects of the implementation of interregional cooperation in the framework of work with tourist products. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the organizational aspects of interregional cooperation in the framework of the formation, promotion and sale of tourist products. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibilities of using the main provisions and conclusions by such subjects of the tourist market as tour operators and travel agents (for the development of interregional tourist routes), as well as regional and municipal authorities in the development of concepts, strategies and programs for the formation and development of domestic and inbound tourism in the regions. The results of this study serve as the basis for further research on the subjects of the domestic and inbound tourism market within the framework of interregional interaction at the micro, meso and macro levels.

러시아-우크라이나 전쟁과 국제관광

Since the World Health Organization(WHO) declared a pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak on March 11, 2020, the international tourism industry has suffered an unprecedented blow. In the international tourism market, which was in a gradual recovery of period, Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, subsequent Western sanctions, and a counterattack by Russia, were enough to cause a new level of uncertainty. After the Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine and Moldova closed their airspace, and Western countries imposed measures such as a ban on takeing off and landing and flying in their own airspaces, and the suspension of the code-sharing agreement on planes belonging to Russian airlines. Russia also responded and it has become inevitable for neighboring countries to change air routes. This led to an increase in flight time and an increase in air ticket costs, which negatively affected international tourism. Nevertheless, international air ticketing declined for the two weeks after the outbreak of the war, but demand for international tourism has gradually recovered since then. According to the UN World Tourism Organization's Tourism Recovery Tracker data, the number of international tourist arrivals around the world at the end of 2022 recovered to 65% compared to 2019 before the pandemic, exceeding the expected recovery of 37% to 50% compared to 2019, an estimated scenario announced by the UN World Tourism Organization in January 2022. In particular, the number of international tourist arrivals in Europe has recovered to 80% compared to 2019, indicating a fairly rapid recovery compared to 27% in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, the number of international tourist arrivals around the world from January to March 2023 recovered to 80% compared to 2019 before the pandemic, 90% in Europe, and 72% in Central and Eastern Europe. And it can be seen that the recovery is faster not only than experts expected at the beginning of the outbreak of war, but also than the result of the survey on the recovery period of international tourism to the pre-pandemic level, which was surveyed by experts from each country by the UN World Tourism Organization before the outbreak. And the number of Russians entering Korea in 2022, 60,019, which is 17.5% compared to 343,057 in 2019 before the pandemic, and the number of Russian patients using medical institutions in Korea was 9,616 in 2022, which is 32.2% compared to 29,897 in 2019. Although the pace of recovery is not faster than that of other countries, considering that the number of arrivals from January to May 2023 was 60,671, which has already exceeded the annual number of arrivals in 2022, the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the Korean inbound tourism market can be seen as insignificant.

Solutions for sustainable development of inbound tourism in Khanh Hoa Province after Covid-19

Sustainable tourism development is a top concern in all countries in the world, especially developing countries like Vietnam. Issues of environmental pollution, changes in habits in life and consumption, conflicts of economic interests between parties, a decrease in the number and quality of tourists after the Covid-19 pandemic, and many other problems are other potentially emerging. Khanh Hoa province is a tourist center in the South Central region and the Central Highlands. An interesting stop for inbound tourists when coming to Vietnam. In addition to the achievements, the inbound travel business in Khanh Hoa province has been revealing many factors that lack sustainability in terms of environment, economy, culture, and society. Therefore, to sustainably develop inbound travel tourism in Khanh Hoa province. The author used the research method of secondary documents, and analyzed the current situation of inbound tourism development in Khanh Hoa in recent years, thereby giving urgent solutions: Focusing on re-developing the inbound tourist market, assessing re-evaluate tourism resources in order to build suitable tourism products, have sales promotion strategies, apply information technology, increase investment in human resource development, raise people’s and inbound travel community’s awareness.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON HUNGARIAN HEALTH TOURISM

Abstract. Introduction: Health tourism is a key economic sector in Hungary, and its development and support has been a priority of the national economic development programmes since the millennium. Just like in the rest of the world, Hungary's tourism performed badly in the first year of the COVID-19. Objective: The objective of our study was to examine the main indicators of inbound health tourism to Hungary in the period of 2019-2020. Our main objective was to estimate the loss to the country's budget from declining inbound health tourism. Methods: The applied research method was secondary research, based on tourism demand data published by the Central Statistical Office (KSH). The national economic effects generated by the expenditure of foreign health tourists in Hungary were estimated using input-output analysis. Results: The number of foreign health tourists decreased to 46.4% compared to 2019, and the number of days spent by foreign health tourists decreased to 40.9% compared to the previous year. In the year of the pandemic, inbound health tourist spending generated total national output of €417 million, a decrease of more than 46% compared to the previous year. The contribution of inbound health tourism to GDP was €209.2 million, almost €160 million lower than in 2019. Conclusion: After a peak year in 2019, pandemic COVID-19 led to a significant drop in demand in the inbound health tourism market, which will also see a sectoral and territorial shift in 2020.

Chi nese Middle-class Travelers’ Characteristics and Their Perceptions of Japan's National Image

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, China was the largest source country in Japan’s inbound tourism market. The middle class, with its high consumption desire, was the main contributor of Chinese tourists to Japan, an important force driving the Japanese economy and influencing the spread of Japan’s national image in China through the Internet. For this study, I collected 4,785 text data from Japan travelogues on two major Chinese travel websites between January 2016 and March 2022, conducted data mining and content analysis, and combined the texts to reveal the basic characteristics of Chinese middle-class tourists to Japan, as well as their perceptions and evaluations of Japan’s national image. The results show a change in the travel needs of the Chinese middle class from shopping, etc., to diverse, specific, and individual travel experiences and an obvious willingness to revisit. Regarding their perceptions and evaluations of Japan's macro national image, Japan’s national capacity is mainly reflected in its culture and economic technology, while its national characteristics are mainly reflected in hospitability. Although most impressed with Japan’s environmental management, mainly its infrastructure and natural resources, the macro sentiment of the tourists is influenced by historical Sino-Japanese relations and reveals reservations about Japan. Japan’s micro national image, as perceived by the tourists through tourist attractions, mainly relates to activities, while their perceptions of the tourist environment are the richest, focusing on popular attractions and landscapes. Their perceptions of tourism facilities cover various aspects such as catering, accommodation, transportation, entertainment, and services. Furthermore, their micro-emotions are mainly reflected in their satisfaction and praise of the destination environment. These results have several implications for tourism marketing and national image promotion in the post-pandemic era, when outbound tourism has fully recovered.

Study on the Evolution of the Temporal and Spatial Structure of Inbound Tourist Market in Shaanxi Province

Based on the number of inbound tourists in Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2019, this paper selects 18 tourist markets as samples, and analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of inbound tourist markets in Shaanxi Province from the perspectives of time and space by using the research methods of market share and interannual change index. The results show that the number of inbound tourists in Shaanxi Province is increasing year by year. The interannual change index of inbound tourists decreases year by year, and the inbound tourism market tends to be stable gradually; The spatial structure of inbound tourist market in Shaanxi province presents an "M" shape, which tends to be stable gradually. In the tourist market of Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2018, except for Hong Kong, Macao and Russia, Japan and Indonesia changed from a strong pro-landscape market to a weak pro-landscape market; Thailand and Malaysia have changed from a weak pro-scenic market to a strong pro-scenic market, and the pro-scenic degree of other tourist markets has not increased or decreased much. Finally, according to the current situation of inbound tourist market in Shaanxi Province, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures to improve it.

China’s Tourism Industry under COVID-19: Impact & Response

The outbreak of COVID-19 has strained the global economic situation, and many industries are facing serious threats. As COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, countries around the world have introduced strict travel controls. The tourism business has experienced unprecedented effects as a result of unfavorable external circumstances and customer anxiety. This paper examines COVID-19's effects on the travel and tourism sector, explaining the development status of China's domestic, inbound and outbound tourism market under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, discovering the changes of college students' travel decisions before and after the pandemic, and demonstrating the severe damages of tourism enterprises, in particular, enterprises that mainly operate the hotel business and travel agency business. After that, the effectiveness and rationality of the existing tourism recovery strategies are evaluated. This paper adopted the research methods of questionnaire survey and chart analysis to investigate the changes in college students' tourism consumption and the number of trips before and after the epidemic, and to evaluate the tourism recovery strategies which are implemented in China, such as issuing travel consumption coupons, the government's economic support for tourism companies. Eventually, the most suitable recovery strategy for China's current tourist market will be analyzed.

Environmental regulation and tourism industry development: evidence from China.

Tourism is a large, environment-dependent global industry. As an important policy tool for environmental protection, environmental regulation plays a significant role in development of the tourism industry. Using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper innovatively analyzes the impact mechanism of environmental regulation on China's tourism development from the perspective of the integration of institutional and environmental economics. At the same time, this paper uses the instrumental variable two-stage least squares method (IV-2SLS) to solve the endogeneity problem of environmental regulation and China's tourism development, which makes the research conclusions more robust. The main results were as follows: (1) environmental regulation significantly promoted the development of the tourism industry. Specifically, tourist arrival (TA) and tourism revenue (TR) increased 8.79% and 8.64%, respectively, when the intensity of environmental regulation increased by 1%. This effect was still robust after applying a series of tests; (2) the impact of environmental regulation on the development of the tourism industry was heterogeneous for three aspects: the domestic and inbound tourism market, urban type, and urban location; (3) environmental regulation contributed to China's tourism industry development through industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and urban image promotion. Our findings offer valuable insight for the concerned authority and tourism sector to understand the positive role of environmental regulation in promoting high-quality development of the tourism industry by corresponding policy-making, industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and urban reputation building.

코로나19 팬데믹에 유학생의 스트레스가 여행의도에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 조절효과

As the inbound tourism market stagnated due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international students have become important potential tourists in the domestic tourism market. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of international students

방한 중국 조선족 관광객 행태에 관한 탐색적 연구

Purpose This study aims to explore the characteristics of the Korean-Chinese outbound tourism to South Korea by particularly focusing on VFR market. The vast majority of the ethnic group reportedly visit South Korea to see and reunite their families, friends and/or relatives. Despite the significance of Chinese inbound tourism market in South Korea, academic understanding of the heterogeneous segments in the market is still lacking. Methods Online and offline surveys which were conducted in 2019, for adults and college students group and young students group, respectively. Results It showed that VFR is the ethnic group’s main purpose of traveling to South Korea (average 75.1%), which is consistently true to all segments including adults, college students, and young students in this study. They also collected travel information from reference groups including families and relatives alongwith the Internet and commercial travel information, and, in contrast to general Chinese outbound tourists, different destinations in Korea were preferred by the target groups (e.g., Incheon) and their travel behavior is different in terms of the length of staying and expenditure behavior. Conclusion Findings contribute to better understanding Chinese VFR tourism market and accommodating the unique needs of the segment. In particular, this study will prompt timely actions to deal with the recovery and resilience of the travel and tourism sector after the COVID- 19 pandemic.

The Impact of the 29th Olympic Games on Beijing Inbound Tourism

Base on combined ARMA model, the impact analysis of the 29th Olympic Games on Beijing inbound tourism shows that the 29th Olympic Games promote the inbound tourism in Beijing in the general. The 29th Olympic Games had a prominent pro-Olympic promoting effect on Beijing inbound tourism and an obvious crowding-out effect on Beijing inbound tourism in the Olympic year when the 29th Olympic Games was held. Post-Olympic valley effect did not appear in Beijing inbound tourism market. With the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games coming soon, in order to strengthen the long-term impact of the Olympics on Beijing inbound tourism, further policy support is needed.

Empowerment of Digital Inclusive Finance and Development of Tourism Industry-Empirical Evidence from Prefecture-level Cities

Based on the panel data of 297 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2018, this paper uses fixed effect model to empirically analyze the relationship between digital inclusive finance and development of tourism industry. The results show that, First, digital inclusive finance has significantly promoted the development of tourism industry, and this promotion effect is more obvious in the inbound tourism market compared to the domestic tourism market. Second, dimensional heterogeneity analysis shows that the coverage and popularization of digital inclusive finance have improved the possibility of vulnerable groups obtaining tourism financial services. The deepening of its use has met the escalating demand of mainstream market for the tourism consumption, and lowered the financing difficulty for micro and small tourism enterprises. Third, the analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the promotion of digital inclusive finance to tourism industry is only reflected in the eastern and western China. For the domestic tourism market, digital inclusive finance has produced stronger benefits in the east than in the west, while for the inbound tourism market, it shows the opposite conclusion.

Digital Competitiveness of Tourism SMEs

This research examines the digital competitiveness of tourism SMEs in Thailand in hosting Chinese inbound tourists through their websites. Integration of tourism-related technology and social media funnels were considered as significant factors of analysis. Twenty-five tourism companies' online content, including their websites, social media contents, and digital publications, were analyzed to conclude the study results. Though most of the large tourism service providers such as hotels and airline companies have been working on bypassing the travel agency commission charges through direct selling with digital platforms, most of the tourism SMEs in Thailand still depend on third-party agents for hosting their services. The results reveal that Thailand - China tourism business is either B2B or B2B2C or even B2B2B2C models. A very limited number of companies with B2C models can directly reach and host the inbound Chinese tourism market. This research's findings are threefold - a methodology for assessing the digital destination hosting patterns, digital content analysis of tourism SMEs, and determining the business models through the website. Further research directions in this domain were also proposed.

Cluster analysis of China’s inbound tourism market: A new multi-attribute approach based on association rule mining of tourist preferences at scenic spots

ABSTRACT This study adopts association rules to identify the co-occurrence of attributes concerned by inbound tourists visiting scenic spots and further make a cluster analysis. In total, 72,890 online reviews of 218 scenic spots in China from inbound travelers from TripAdvisor used for analysis. It is found that the tourists could be clustered into three groups: view-sensitive travelers, crowding-sensitive travelers, and price-sensitive travelers. This study makes an early attempt to cluster travelers according to their conjoint preference patterns based on the co-occurrence of destination attributes, and provides a new multi-attribute approach to the investigation of tourist preferences and market segmentation.

Hofstede의 문화 차원 이론에 근거한 무슬림관광객의 가치와 장기지향성의 관계연구: 체험경제이론(4Es)의 조절 효과를 중심으로

As part of the Post China strategy, this study was conducted to diversify the Korean inbound tourism market focused on specific countries. It targets Muslim tourists, which account for 25% of the world''s population and are expected to visit 150 million people after 2020. Based on the cultural dimension index of the top three Muslim countries visiting Korea, the cultural distance from Korea was calculated, and the difference between consumption value and experience value by cultural distance was confirmed. The effect of consumption value and experience value perceived by tourists on long-term orientation was analyzed, and which factors in the experiential economy theory were controlling. Based on the analysis results, a marketing strategy was suggested with implications.

Inbound Medical Tourism Or Export Of Medical Services: Which Market Do We Need?

The purpose of the paper is to consider development barriers and tools for targeted support and stimulation of the growth of this sector of the economy, as well as the peculiarities of the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on the growth and development prospects of the Russian inbound medical tourism market. Methodology. The article is based on a qualitative sociological study conducted in November 2019 –December 2020, with focus groups and expert interviews method usage. In total, there were conducted 8 expert interviews and 4 focus groups. Findings. The launch of the federal project "Development of the export of medical services" within the framework of the federal program "Development of healthcare", the creation of the Moscow medical cluster, the development of regional markets for inbound medical tourism are considered as institutional measures that can facilitate the target audience's access to the resources of Russian medical clinics. The value of results. As part of the research, the authors for the first time have introduced the analysis of the first results of inbound medical tourism development in 2017-2020 in Russia. The differences between the export of medical services and the market of inbound medical tourism were revealed. The authors put forward the thesis about the export of medical services as the first phase of the development of the market of inbound medical tourism. This analysis identifies areas for further research.

Social Distance between Residents and Tourists Explained by Residents’ Attitudes Concerning Tourism

Drawing on the theory of social distance, this study examined the extent to which residents’ attitudes concerning tourism can predict a sympathetic understanding of tourists. Results from residents within the rapidly emerging inbound tourism market, Japan ( n=1569), were analyzed. EFA was undertaken on both residents’ attitudes and social distance data. CFA was then undertaken to establish a measurement model, followed by SEM to examine model relationships. The SEM revealed that more negative attitudes concerning tourism were found to have the strongest impact on less sympathetic understanding of tourists and vice versa, revealing that residents’ attitudes toward tourists depend in part upon whether attitudes about tourism are positive or negative. This study expands residents’ attitude theory by exploring the outcomes of such attitudes, rather than focusing on antecedents. Practical implications are advanced concerning internal marketing strategies, such as disseminating the positive impacts of tourism development to residents.

The Forecast of The Number of Inbound Tourists and The Analysis of The Source Market During The Epidemic of Coronavirus Disease

With the rapid development of economy, the competition of inbound tourism market is more and more fierce. The key point of sustainable development of inbound tourism is to ensure a certain number of tourists. Therefore, it is an important step to predict the number of inbound tourists and study the market of inbound tourists. As a leading tourism city in China, how to attract more tourists is not only related to the development of inbound tourism in Shanghai, but also provides some inspiration for other cities during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease. In this paper, an improved grey markov (GM) model is used to predict the number of inbound tourists in Shanghai during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease, and then the market changes of inbound tourists are studied by the deviation-share analysis method. Finally, the tim-scale characteristics and trends of inbound tourists in Shanghai are analyzed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition. GM (1,1) model is one of the most widely used grey dynamic prediction models in grey system theory, which is composed of a first order differential equation with a single variable. The initial value correction improves the gray GM (1,1) model, and introduces the center point triangle albino weight function in the state division to improve the Markova model. Comparing with the results of traditional GM (1,1), initial value modified GM (1,1) and traditional grey markov prediction models, the prediction effect of this model is verified to be better. These models are better than linear regression and time series. Deviation-share analysis explores the changes in the inbound tourist market, and the results show that from 2004 to 2017, the inbound tourist market in Shanghai developed faster than that in the whole country, with a more reasonable and competitive structure. In addition to Japan, the number of inbound tourists from each country to the whole country and Shanghai has increased and increased greatly. The time-scale characteristics and trends of inbound tourists in Shanghai are analyzed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The results show that: first, the total number of inbound tourists and the number of foreign tourists mainly change within 3 or 6 months, while that of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan fluctuates between high and low frequency. Second, the main cyclical fluctuations and no significant trend of the source countries. The fluctuation period of Japan, Thailand, Britain, France and Germany is 3 months; Macau is 3, 6, 12, 60, 180 months; Singapore is 3, 6, 180 months. Third, there is a clear trend and cycle fluctuations as a supplement to the source countries. The fluctuation periods in Hong Kong are 3, 6, 90 and 180 months; In Taiwan, Canada and Russia it is 3 , 6 months; In Indonesia, the United States, Italy and New Zealand it is 3, 6 and 12 months; In Malaysia it is 3, 180 months; In South Korea it is 3 ,45 months; In Australia it's four or seven months. Taiwan, Canada, Russia and New Zealand showing the most significant upward trend. From the above research results, specific Suggestions and strategies of market structure competition can be put forward to the inbound tourism industry in Shanghai according to the predicted number of inbound tourists in Shanghai, the structure of the source market and the cyclical fluctuation and trend of the source country.

БРЕНДИНГ ТУРИСТСКОЙ ДЕСТИНАЦИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТУРИСТСКИМ РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫМ КОМПЛЕКСОМ

Experience marketing is gaining an increasingly stable position among good governance technologies and tourism is the area where the imperatives of the experience economy are most evident. One of the most important technologies for marketing experiences is branding, which serves as a driver for the growth of the attractiveness of a tourist and recreational complex. The aim of the study was to analyze the use of branding technology in the management of tourist and recreational complexes in Russia, included in the register of investment projects of the Federal Target Program “Development of domestic and inbound tourism” through the method of comparative and contextual analysis, statistical methods based on a systematic approach. Insufficient attention to the management of the development of tourist and recreational complexes has led to the lack of recognizable brands, the lack of formation of programs for promoting tourist destinations in the Russian regions in the domestic and inbound tourism market, inconsistency with the imperatives of the impression economy, and, as a consequence, insufficient growth in the attractiveness of Russian tourism, despite significant support for the development processes of the shopping mall.