Housing In Seoul Research Articles

A Study on Periodization and Characterization of Urban Housing in Seoul after 1945 - Focusing on Typological Formation and Dissolution

A Study on Periodization and Characterization of Urban Housing in Seoul after 1945 - Focusing on Typological Formation and Dissolution

주택순환국면에 따른 주택가격 및 거래량 간의 인과성 분석

It will be useful information to analyze using past housing market’s data can be predicted future direction. It will be very interesting information for market participants if the direction of prices and transaction volume can be predicted. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the housing circulation phase by dividing it by period, focusing on the Seoul housing market, which is the center of price fluctuations in the current housing market, and to compare and analyze the correlation between housing prices and trading in each circulation phase. To analyze the correlation between the two variables, Granger causality test, vector autoregression model (VAR), and impulse response analysis were used. As a result of the study, the housing circulation phase is subdivided into four phases, and the direction of prices and transaction volume is analyzed differently for each phase. There is a positive correlation between price and trading and prices affect transaction volume in the short term, but the influence of transaction volume on prices is insignificant. However, it has been proven that one of the two variables has predictive power for the other. Although there is a limitation in that it is not possible to analyze the direct factors affecting the variables, it is believed that it can be used as useful information for housing participants and government policy officials.

Uneven geography of health opportunities among subsidized households: Illustrating healthcare accessibility and walkability for public rental housing in Seoul, Korea.

Planners and policymakers significantly consider providing suitable living environments for marginalized households, beyond creating affordable homes. Previous studies have explored various socioeconomic attributes of neighborhoods with public rental housing (PRH), particularly regarding education, job, and transportation opportunities; however, we have a limited understanding of health opportunities among such subsidized households. This study, therefore, explores the accessibility and spatial equity of emergency medical services (EMS) and primary health care (PHC) for PRH residents in Seoul, Korea. The findings show that neighborhoods with PRHs are associated with lower odds ratios for EMS and PHC accessibility. In particular, the relationships between the locations of PRHs and medical services accessibility in neighborhoods varied across the types of PRHs. While neighborhoods with large-scale PRHs are associated with lower PHC access, those with small-scale PRHs are associated with lower EMS access. In addition, our findings show that PRHs tend to be located in neighborhoods with lower walkability. These results may help in empirically determining the spatial accessibility of PHC and EMS, as well as neighborhood walkability, which may affect the health status of individuals in subsidized households.

Support Needs for Health Promotion of Community-Dwelling People with Disabilities: Perspectives of Operators Managing Disability Supportive Housing

Recent studies have focused on policies aimed at supporting the independence of individuals with disabilities in communities. As part of this initiative, supportive housing, integrated care, and residential spaces offer tailored services based on individual needs and autonomy. The attitudes and knowledge of the administrators supporting supportive housing residents regarding health management can influence the well-being of individuals with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges faced by supporting housing workers in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities. In this qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted in August 2023 with nine administrators working to support housing in Seoul. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. The needs and challenges in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities were as follows: (1) the complexity of health management challenges, (2) bidirectional strategies for strengthening health management capabilities, and (3) support for systematic health management. Additionally, eight subthemes were derived. By investigating the difficulties experienced and identifying the necessary support requirements for supportive housing workers, this study seeks to uncover insights and identifies areas for improvement and strategies for health management. This study acknowledges the educational and institutional support necessary to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with disabilities residing in supportive housing.

코로나19 이후 공공임대주택 거주자의 사회적 관계 만족도 연구

This study analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on the social relations satisfaction of occupants living in affordable housing by using panel surveys of public rental housing in Seoul. For comparison before and after COVID-19, the results of multiple regression analysis using data from 2019 and 2021 are as follows. First, it was found that the demand for medical facilities increased and the time spent at home increased due to restrictions on social activities, which was noticeable for the socially disadvantaged, such as the elderly and the disabled. Second, it has been confirmed that factors that directly affect social activities and factors that provide overall convenience in life continue to affect before and after COVID-19. Lastly, COVID-19 not only changed the level of functional demands expected for housing, but also reduced social external activities, temporarily reducing the needs for transportation and exchange. Thus, further efforts to supply affordable housing are required to meet the changed social needs and occupants' expectations due to COVID-19.

Are There Housing Bubbles in Seoul Metropolitan Areas?: Evidence from Right-Tailed Unit Root Test

This study examines the explosive behaviors of house prices in Seoul and its metropolitan areas during 2008Q1~2023Q1. In order for the relationship between house prices and cash flows to reflect better the Korean housing market, this study adopts price-to-income ratio, real transaction-based house prices and personal income. Based on the generalized supremum ADF (GSADF) test, our empirical findings show that housing bubbles are identified in all three markets. According to the starting period, duration periods, and magnitude and prominent peaks among GSADF statistics, the bubbles in Seoul housing market appear to be most serious and further be transmitted to the housing markets of its metropolitan area, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do. Since the methodology used in this study provides policy-makers and investors with real-time information on bubbles, they could formulate a better early warning system to tackle the bubble problem. Specially, our empirical finding helps policy makers to prioritize Seoul over the other housing markets to cope with ongoing bubbles.

Analysis of Indoor Residential Environment Satisfaction among Social Housing Households in Seoul

Social housing in Seoul has been provided since 2015 via collaboration between the city and the private sector to address the increasing housing burden for single-person households and the younger generation. Despite the eight years since the implementation of this initiative, there remains a lack of research regarding the satisfaction of residents with respect to indoor social housing environments. The aim of this study is two-fold: (1) to explore household characteristics, such as floor area and living room, bathroom, and kitchen issues; and (2) to examine the factors that affect indoor residential environment satisfaction. In May and June of 2022, 57 households from 22 social housing projects participated in the survey, and data were analyzed using frequency and descriptive methods. The results indicated that the interior layout of the house affected and influenced residential satisfaction. This was followed by accessibility to major facilities, interactions with the community, accessibility to transportation, and facility maintenance. The implications of these findings were discussed.

The Spatial Analysis and Enhancement of Social Housing in Seoul

Seoul is the first city in South Korea to provide affordable social housing, beginning in 2015. Despite the importance of studying its space, configuration, and functionality, which impact the residents’ quality of life, research on social housing in Seoul is sparse. The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to analyze the spatial layout and utilization of social housing and (2) to compare it to the layout and utilization of public rental housing provided by Seoul Housing & Communities Corporation (SH). A total of 120 units from 30 social housing projects open to the public in Seoul were selected. This study found that social housing in Seoul primarily consists of compact housing units targeting young adults and newlywed couples, with a high proportion of diverse spatial configurations. In South Korea, while the SH specialized floor plan is commonly used as a standardized prototype in contemporary apartments, the floor plans for social housing exhibit a broader range of shapes and spatial configurations. Distinct criteria are employed for space separation in designing social housing. Separating bedrooms or kitchens may be the priority depending on the specific housing unit, resulting in multiple layouts. The results suggest that ongoing research could contribute to exploring improved approaches for region-specific social housing design and enhancing residential environments.

지역주택조합 설립단계상의 실효적 개선방안에 관한 연구

As the Seoul's housing policy changed from a full-scale demolition method to a conservation, management, and regeneration method, the survey began as a new town and redevelopment exit strategy, and 391 maintenance(schedule) areas and maintenance areas were lifted in Seoul alone from 2011 to 2020. The (single) housing reconstruction project was abolished as of August 3, 2014, and the local housing association project began to be activated as an alternative project. Based on the period from 2000 to September 2022, There are in progress the local housing associations project 603 places nationwide, 114 places in Seoul. and There are the number of planned households 356,624 households nationwide, 61,489 households in Seoul. Based on the period from 2000 to September 2022, looking at the progress of the local housing association project in Seoul, the approval for the establishment of a association (19 places) was shown to be lower than the report for the recruitment of association members (82 places). This is that the local housing association project under the 「Housing Act」 was carried out by some local residents and business agencies without public support, unlike the maintenance project that falls under the「Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act」, so because there are problems in the establishment stage before approval for the establishment of the association. (First, the issue of regional analysis and regional selection. Second, the issue of local housing association business planning. Third, the issue of the composition and operation of the promotion committee. Fourth, the issue of the promotion committee's selection of service providers. Fifth, the issue of securing land use rights. Sixth, the issue of the timing of the recruitment of association members.) The maintenance projects under the「Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act」 have been promoted under the management and supervision of the government and the Seoul as the 「Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act」 has been newly established and revised several times and related systems have been improved. On the other hand, the local housing association project under the 「Housing Act」 has been promoted in the indifference of the government and the Seoul to the extent that a related department was recently created in the Seoul. In the case of maintenance projects under the 「Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act」support by the public in accordance with the 「Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act」, the 「Seoul Metropolitan Government Ordinance on Urban and Residential Environment Improvement」, and the Public Support Plan (Quick Integration Plan). Therefore, in this study, prior to the revision and establishment of the 「Housing Act」, in the case of the Seoul, the autonomous districts that have the right to establish an association of local housing association projects are interested in local housing association projects, communicate with local residents, and so that we can improve problems together. By presenting ‘the autonomous district ordinance enactment’ as an improvement plan, the local housing association project is intended to establish itself as a ‘housing policy for the common people to prepare their own homes’, which is the fundamental purpose of the local housing association project.

An Analysis of Residential Environmental Features Affecting Residential Satisfaction of the Single-Parent Households in Public Rental Housing

The purpose of the study was to examine residential environment factors contributing to enhance residential satisfaction and quality of life of single-parent households living in Public rental housing in Seoul. For the research methods, the study examined the difference in the residential environment satisfaction according to the household type and housing type through an independent sample t-test, and analyzed the residential environments factors, which significantly affect the residential satisfaction of single-parent households, through Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1) Rather than the type of household, the type of housing affects the perceived satisfaction with residential environment; therefore, It is necessary to establish residential environments plan to improve single-parent households’ quality of life. 2) The enhancement of residential satisfaction of single-parent households is significantly related to the perceived satisfaction with outdoor environment, locational environment, and social environment among the factors of residential environment. Moreover, the more active social interaction with neighbor and the higher the quality of external housing environment is provided, the significantly higher the perceived residential satisfaction of single-parent households becomes. The study result implies that the social support to encounter neighbors and psychologically comfort need to be considered in residential environments to improve the quality of life of single-parent households.

서울시 매입임대주택의 물리적 주거환경 평가 연구

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical environment of old and defective purchased and rental housing in Seoul to understand the overall situation and prepare concrete alternatives to it. As a result of the actual analysis, first, the purchase and rental houses with poor physical environment had a large variation by region, and were concentrated in Eunpyeong-gu and Gangseo-gu. Second, there were many types of multi-family housing for purchase, and the life of the house was more than 25 years ~ less than 30 years. Third, as a result of the analysis of the actual state of the physical living environment, about 74.3% of the houses required a safety diagnosis, and the repair and reinforcement of the houses were urgently needed due to the high degree of aging. Fourth, as a result of the analysis of factors affecting the physical residential environment, the evaluation items affecting structural stability were found to be cracks and surface aging. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize inspection and repair reinforcement plans centered on cracks and surface aging.

서울 주택구매력지수의 변화가 지방거점도시 주택시장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study attempted to derive the effect of changes in the Seoul Housing Purchasing Power Index on apartment prices in Jeonju, one of the representative non-metropolitan base cities, and to understand its meaning. The analysis method used VECM in consideration of the characteristics of the variables measured in time series. The summary and implications of the results of this study are as follows.
 First, the change in housing purchasing power in Seoul was found to be one of the main variables affecting apartment prices in Jeonju, a local hub city, and in particular, it was found to have a significant impact on the lag behind. In other words, if housing prices in the Seoul metropolitan area soar and housing investors' ability to invest in the Seoul metropolitan housing market decreases, it is interpreted that they are interested in the apartment market in local hub cities with relatively high price advantages over some time difference. Second, it was found that the change in the population had the greatest effect on apartment prices in Jeonju. Finally, unlike research results on housing prices in Seoul and the metropolitan area, changes in major macroeconomic environments such as total currency, economic growth, and consumer price index did not significantly affect housing prices in Jeonju. This result is judged to be because the level of housing prices is very low compared to the metropolitan area, and the merit as an investment good or an inflation hedge is not high.

Effect of Characteristics of Shared Housing in Single-Person Households on Housing Satisfaction and Shared Housing Performance

This study quantitatively evaluated South Korean residents’ housing satisfaction and factors affecting shared housing and made recommendations for policy establishment for the supply and revitalization of shared housing in South Korea. Using an online and offline survey, the study analyzed the relationship between the satisfaction with shared housing, intention to reside again in shared housing, and intention to recommend shared housing to others among young people living in shared housing in Seoul. The results showed that shared housing characteristics significantly affected the housing satisfaction but not the intention to reside again and intention to recommend. Housing satisfaction significantly affected the intention to reside again and the intention to recommend. Residents of public-supply shared housing showed no significant correlation between the shared housing characteristics and housing satisfaction; those of private-supply shared housing showed increased housing satisfaction. Housing satisfaction did not significantly affect the intention to reside again among people in public-supply shared housing; however, it affected the intention to reside again among those in private-supply shared housing. The physical location and environment and community factors did not significantly affect overall housing satisfaction in public-supply shared housing but significantly affected the housing satisfaction and intention to reside again in private-supply shared housing. These results support the need for regulation and policy to guide housing adjustments and facilitate lifestyles, the need for diversification in housing types, and the importance of uniform management and operations of public-run units.

서울 공공임대주택 입주에 따른 소득효과 분석*

This study attempts to estimate different characteristics of rent benefits generated by the low-income households living in public rental housing in Seoul by income level and supply type, and suggest implications of findings. For this purpose, rent benefits of people who resides in public housing are estimated by the market price approach using Panel Survey of Seoul Housing & Communities Corporation and Korea Housing Survey of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport both released in 2020. According to the findings, rent benefits provided by public rental housing are significant in relation to long-term public Jeonse (SHift), apartment complexes and, geographically, the southeast area where the market rents are relatively high. With regard to income, benefits are noticeable especially in low-income households, which confirms that public rental housing is a very effective tool for redistribution of income. In sum, the findings show that reduction in housing expenses and subsequent increase in disposable income, which can be happened by households moving into public housing, is expected to induce changes in people’s non-rent spendings and bringing in great value and life satisfaction.

Dynamic Characteristics of Excess Returns in Seoul Housing Market

In Korea, the increase in individuals incomes appears to lead to the bigger accumulation of housing assets than in other developed countries. And the accumulation is more concentrated in Seoul, especially in South Seoul. This study analyzes the development process of excess returns of apartment prices in Seoul and South Seoul compared to the national housing price based on the threshold regression model and the ESTAR model. The analysis result shows that excess returns in Seoul and South Seoul increase non-linearly as national income increases. This implies that apartment growth rates in Seoul and South Seoul continue to rise more than in other regions as the economy develops. In this case, the economic wealth will be concentrated in the Seoul area. In addition, if national income enters a high-growth regime with the appreciation of the won, housing investment will be strengthened in the Seoul area. This result implies that the dynamic accumulation of excess returns with a spillover effect from Seoul is the cause of housing instability of non-homeowners and imbalanced regional development.

Testing for House Price Bubble in Seoul, Korea

This study identifies bubbles in Seoul housing markets using generalized supremum ADF (GSADF) test. Our empirical results reveal that bubbles are detected across all income quintile during sample period. Considering our results such as the magnitude of test statistics, duration periods of bubbles and the most prominent peaks in all GSADF, each group of households in income quintile would have experienced different bubble episodes such as different entry barriers to the housing markets. Specially, the households of ‘Fifth’ income quintile would have experienced relatively week bubble episodes compared to the other income quintile. This implies that the households with less income would face with the unfavorable environment when the house prices are highly volatile. Moreover, when house prices sharply increase and step into bubble periods, the less income households could encounter higher entry barrier to housing markets. Consequently, income gaps among households could magnify the differences of housing asset value among income quintile. This finding helps policy makers to prioritize which households of income quintile would be required attention in Seoul housing markets.

Analysis of the Dynamic Correlation between Housing Market and Office Market

This study demonstrated the dynamic correlation among the Seoul housing sales price, the Seoul housing rent price, the Seoul apartment lease price, the large office building rent pice, and the vacancy rate from the first quarter of 2009 to the last quarter of 2020 by a time series analysis. As the result of analysis, it is confirmed that there are no cointegration relation among the variables, so VAR model is selected for the next analysis. Also, from Granger causality test, this study confirmed that SRLI Granger Cause SRRI, SRRI Granger Cause SRSI, SRSI Granger Cause SOV and SOV Granger Cause SOR sequentially. Based on the results of Granger causality this study choose the ordering of variables for the impulse response function and analyzed it. Main results from the analysis are as follows. First, for the shock to SRLI, SRRI has positive response by 7 quarters and then, converge to 0 and SRSI has negative response after 2 quarters, and then the effect disappeared. Second, for the shock of SRLI, SOV and SOR have positive responses respectively, and then, the magnitude of the effects is not significant.

A Study on Economic Efficiency of Public Land-Lease Social Housing in Seoul

이 연구는 최근 심각해지는 주택가격 상승이라는 사회문제 해결에 대한 시사점을 얻기위해 토지임대부 사회주택의 경제적 효율성을 살피는 것에 목적을 두고 사회계정을 접목한 비용편익분석을 수행하였다. 편익비용비, 사업의 유동성, 최저 임대료 등의 지표를 통해 토지임대부 사회주택이 효율적 가격을 형성할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 민간임대와의 비교를 통해서 사회주택의 효율성이 더욱 명확히 드러났다. 유럽 국가 중 오스트리아, 독일, 네덜란드, 영국의 사회주택 공급조건과 비교분석을 통해서 공공의 보조금과 장기저리의 융자지원이 가격효율성을 더욱 높일 수 있다는 점도 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 시장의 효율성을 높이기 위해 공공의 역할을 축소해야 한다는 일각의 주장과 매우 다른 결과이며, 사회주택 공급 확대의 필요성을 나타낸다.

The Outdoor Space Planning of the Large-scale Apartment Complex : the Project Districts Implemented by the Seoul Housing & Communities Corporation from 2001 to 2003

우리나라 아파트 단지의 변화에서 공급위주의 아파트 개발에서 제도적, 사회적 변혁과 함께 질적 변화가 본격적으로 이루어진 2000년 전후는 매우 중요한 시기이다. 하지만 그 변화에 대한 연구는 결과물에만 집중된 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 2001년부터 2003년까지 SH공사에 의해 공모사업으로 시행된 7개의 대규모 아파트단지를 대상으로 2000년대 아파트 단지 변화의 핵심이었던 외부공간의 변화를 제안서와 시공 후 결과물 비교를 통해 그 변화 양상을 심층적으로 이해하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 동선요소에서 차량동선의 변화는 거의 없었다. 보행동선은 부정적으로 변화한 경우도 있었으나, 친환경과 커뮤니티 개념을 담는 보행로가 확보되면서 아파트 단지 외부공간의 변화를 주도하였다. 공간요소는 ‘거점형공간’, ‘테마형공간’, ‘가로형공간’, ‘중정형공간’으로 구분하여 제안서와 시공후 결과물의 관계, 그리고 차이를 이해할 수 있었다.

Detecting multiple bubbles in the Seoul housing market based on GSADF test

본 연구는 한국의 서울시 25개 지역구의 다중거품의 존재여부를 검정한다. 분석시점은 2002년 12월부터 2020년 4월까지의 월별자료를 이용하였다. 본 연구는 현재가치모형을 토대로 GSADF 검정을 통해 분석한다. GSADF test 결과 서울 25개지역구 중 21개 지역구에서 2-5개의 다중거품이 존재했다. 그리고 이러한 다중거품은 평균 9개월동안 지속되었다. 강남지역과 비교해서 강북지역에서 더 많은 다중거품이 발견되었으며 거품의 지속기간 또한 강북지역이 더 높게 나타났다. 한편 시점별로 보면 2015년 이전에는 강남지역에서는 거품이 발견되지 않았으나 강북지역의 경우에는 2006년과 2012년으로 거품시작시점이 두가지로 나타났다. 그러나 2015년부터 2019년까지는 서울시 25개 모든 지역구에서 거품이 나타났다.