Harmful Production Factors Research Articles

Criteria of heart rate variability in the assessment of operative reconstructions of vegetative homeostasis in workers of harmful productions of the electrical industry

The article presents the results of the assessment of the functional state of the organism in workers of harmful industries of the electrical industry of Rybinsk. The complex influence of harmful production factors on the system of regulation of cardiac activity in employees of the enterprise has been revealed. It is proved that the workers of group I (production using rubber compounds) The wave characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) are reduced compared to the control (group III), which indicates a decrease in the current functional state. The wave characteristics of HRV in group II workers (production using plastics and polyethylene) have a decrease at the beginning of their work and an increase in spectral capacities with a work experience of 5–10 years compared to group III. The results obtained show that certain HRV values in group I are characteristic of the older age group and indicate a high degree of vulnerability to environmental factors.

Дослідження фізико-хімічних властивостей ротової рідини у працівників промислових виробництв із шкідливими чинниками

The purpose of the study was to investigate the physical and chemical properties of oral fluid in industrial workers with harmful factors. Materials and methods. To conduct this study 2 groups were formed. The main group (81 people) includes workers of three industrial productions of Ivano-Frankivsk region: workers of chemical production, glass production and workers of agro-industrial complex. The control group consisted of 60 administrative and support staff of these industries, who did not come into contact with industrial hazards. The age of the subjects was 25-55 years. Work experience at the factory was from 0.5 to 15 years. The rate of salivation, viscosity and acidity of the oral fluid were studied. Results and discussion. Already in the first year of work in the conditions of harmful production the rate of secretion of mixed saliva in the subjects of the main group was lower compared to the control, but the recorded figure of 0.540.01ml/min was within the generally accepted norm. With work experience of 1-5 years, the secretion rate of mixed saliva in the main group decreased to 0.440.02 ml/min, which is by 1.2 times lower than that with work experience of up to one year and by 1.6 times lower compared to the control. With work experience of 5-10 years, the rate of salivation in the main group increased slightly to 0.470.01 ml/min, remaining significantly lower compared to the control. The lowest salivation rate is 0.390.02 ml/min, recorded in employees with more than 10 years of experience, which is by 1.4 times lower than in the case of experience up to 1 year and by 1.5 times lower than in the control. With the increase in work experience in the main group, there was a progressive increase in the viscosity of oral fluid, the maximum value of which is 2.180.19 MPas, found in people with work experience over 10 years, which is by 1.6 times higher than indicators of the group with experience up to 1 year and by 1.6 times higher than the value of the control group. With the increase of work experience in the subjects of the main group, a decrease in the pH of oral fluid from 6.750.09 with experience up to one year to 6.34  0.03 with experience over 10 years. The pH of oral fluid in subjects with more than one year of experience was lower both compared to 1 year of experience and compared to the control. The obtained data allowed to establish the following changes in the studied parameters: the rate of salivation on average was 0.440.02 ml/min, which is lower compared to the control group (0.730.01 ml/min) by 1.7 times. The mean value of the viscosity of the oral fluid (1.820.07 MPaS) was also significantly higher than the same in the control (1.330.03 MPaS) by 1.3 times. When determining the concentration of hydrogen ions in the oral fluid of the main group, the average pH value was 6.490.05, which is by 1.04 times lower than the value of 6.770.05 in the control group. Conclusion. The results of the study revealed changes in the oral homeostasis of industrial workers exposed to occupational pathogens: a decrease in salivation may indicate a violation of the secretory function of the salivary glands under the influence of harmful factors, which naturally affects increased saliva viscosity. The predominance of acidosis in the oral cavity and the reduction of the protective properties of saliva is an important factor in creating a periodontal situation in the oral cavity of workers and aggravating the course of periodontal disease in this category of the population. The analysis of the received data allows to assume that periodontopathogenic influence of a complex of harmful production factors of industrial production is realized largely due to change of properties of oral fluid of workers

Определение характеристик наиболее травмоопасных профессий работников промышленных энергетических объектов с точки зрения летального исхода

Electric power facilities traditionally demonstrate high rates of the fatal injuries. At the same time, the share of technical causes of injuries decreases annually. To reduce occupational injuries, the most promising measures are aimed at decreasing the influence of organizational and psychophysiological causes. Each of the potential causes of an injury can be described by the indicators that are uniquely associated with the work-related injuries and characterize the injured employee. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of the employees in the most traumatic professions in the electric power industry who suffered as the result of injuries with fatality. Methodological approach is proposed related to the determination of the characteristic parameters of employees of the operating and maintenance personnel in the electric power industry. It consists of several stages. The first is the formation of the most common parameters, assignment to the group with an increased risk of industrial injuries. The second is the definition of a list of the most traumatic professions in the electric power industry. The third is the introduction of a procedure for multivariate cluster analysis of the input statistical data. The fourth is the calculation of the parameters of employees of the most traumatic professions in the electric power industry with distribution by cluster groups. Cluster groups are formed for professions: electrician, electrical fitter, foreman and wireman, which account for 80 % of the fatal injuries in the electric power industry. The relevant characteristics of the employees are determined: age, length of service, period after testing knowledge on the occupational safety, class of the working conditions. The proposed methodological approach can be used for any industry where the employee is exposed to the harmful and hazardous production factors. The methodology allows to develop and carry out measures for reducing the level of injuries.

Influence of working conditions on the function of external respiration in underground oil mine workers

Introduction. The article presents a non-combined observational cross-sectional retrospective study, which studied the functions of respiration of 3 categories of workers (sinkers, woodworkers, underground miners) depending on working conditions. Materials and methods. Analyzed depersonalized data from outpatient records of periodic medical examinations of underground workers from 2013 to 2017. The article presents only the analysis of spirograms. The study of respiratory function was carried out using an expert class spirometer SpiroLab III (MIR, Italy). The results were assessed by a doctor of functional diagnostics. Production factors were studied according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions carried out in oil mines according to the methodology for conducting a special assessment of working conditions, approved by order of the Ministry of Labour of Russia No. 33n dated January 24, 2014. Statistical methods were used to analyze the material: methods of parametric statistics (mean (M), standard deviation, error of the mean (m), Student’s test), the data are presented in the format M ± m, the differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. An analysis of occupational morbidity among oil miners has been carried out, risk groups have been identified by profession, length of service and age. It was revealed that after 4-5 years of work in the profession, there is a tendency to impairment of the function of external respiration according to the obstructive type (decrease in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), formed vital capacity of the lungs (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) , Tiffno index). This is suggested to be due to a combination of factors of the production environment such as oil hydrocarbons and the severity of labour. The analysis of working conditions made it possible to determine the list of harmful production factors affecting the development and occurrence of occupational diseases by workers involved in thermal mining of high-viscosity oil. Limitations. The smoking factor in the work is considered as a qualitative one, it is probably more logical to consider it as a quantitative one - smoking experience (number of years), then a connection with changes in the functions of external respiration may be revealed. Conclusion. After 4-5 years of work, oil miners show a tendency to obstructive disorders of the respiration function. The genesis of the identified changes requires further clarification.

APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCE FOR MULTI-CRETIRIAL ASSESSMENT OF LABOR SAFETY AS AN OBJECT OF QUALIMETRY

The subject matter of the article is the method of multi-criteria assessment of the indicator of labor safety in production. The goal of the work is to develop a methodology for applying functional dependence for multi-criteria assessment of labor safety in production, taking into account the characteristics of the system of harmful and dangerous production factors. The following task is solved in the article: to explore the possibility of using a functional dependence to obtain estimates of different-dimensional labor safety indicators on a dimensionless scale, while taking into account its unevenness and coordinating it with the characteristics of hazardous factors in production. Methods are used: qualimetry and mathematical statistics; expert. The following results were obtained: the existing functional dependencies between the measured values of quality indicators and their assessment on a dimensionless scale, which were used to evaluate qualimetry objects of various natures, were analyzed. It is shown that for an objective assessment of qualimetry objects, as a rule, nonlinear dependencies should be used. The main task of the researcher is to choose the type of nonlinear dependence; this requires additional scientific research. The tool for choosing one or another non-linear relationship is the understanding of the physical essence of the qualimetry object, that is, the understanding of the patterns of the relationship between the measured value of the qualimetry indicators and their assessment. For this, it is important to use the methods of expert assessments, because usually such patterns are unknown. The functional dependence used to obtain estimates of labor safety indicators in production is stepwise and includes a form parameter. By changing the shape parameter, the curvature of the dependence changes, thereby changing the estimate on the dimensionless scale. This feature of the applied dependence allows us to develop a universal methodology, that is, by changing the shape parameter, this dependence can be applied to various indicators of labor safety in any production. As an example, the article considers metallurgical production, while assessing the most dangerous factors. A step-by-step methodology for determining a generalized indicator of labor safety in production and an example of measured numerical values of hazardous factors has been developed, its effectiveness and versatility have been shown. Conclusions: to determine the generalized indicator of occupational safety at work, it is proposed to use the functional relationship between individual indicators of harmful production factors and their values on a dimensionless scale, which gives a quantitative assessment of occupational safety at work. With the help of the proposed method, you can make management decisions, which minimizes the deviation of the actual values of harmful factors from the optimal ones.

Реализация интеллектуальной системы мониторинга воздействия вредных и опасных факторов на работников промышленных предприятий

Intelligent system for monitoring the effect of harmful and hazardous factors on the industrial enterprises employees was developed, which allows monitoring working conditions and functional indicators of the employee body for any period of interest, in addition, current self-monitoring of the working conditions and functional health indicators both in structural divisions, and the enterprise as a whole. The system allows to monitor the level of exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors, changes in the physiological parameters of the employee during the work process, process and combine the data obtained into the system, personalize the maximum levels of exposure to dangerous and hazardous factors for each individual employee, as well as timely notify of any deviations from the normal indicators not only of the employee, the employer, but also special services. Proposed intelligent monitoring system includes two main components: data processing server and Smart- helmet, which is a device that includes the number of functions that ensure real-time monitoring of the employee himself, and the parameters of the work area surrounding him based on the set data. The system makes it possible to analyze the actual level of a harmful factor at the workplace in any time frame, as well as to comprehensively assess the state of the harmful factors in the workplace. The main customers of the intelligent monitoring system are the industrial complex enterprises, as well as chemical, resource-extracting, resource-processing, and construction enterprises. The use of this system will ensure an opportunity to quickly identify dangerous and harmful factors of the production environment that effect on the employee body.

INFORMATION SIMULATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AT CONSTRUCTION SITE

One of the directions of the economic development of the state is the construction industry, in which the issues of labor protection and improving safety are extremely acute, since its effective growth depends on the solution of this issue. With the development of scientific and technological progress, as well as digital technologies, the question of the possible application of this area in matters of ensuring the safety of production processes becomes relevant. Today, in the construction industry, BIM technologies are actively being used. BIM (Building Information Modeling) - Building information modeling is the process of creating an integrated model of the future construction project, which includes all stages of the life cycle of the project from the design stage to the dismantling stage. BIM technology is the very tool that shows how to improve the interaction of all project participants. BIM is based on a three-dimensional information model. The information model of the building means obtaining full information about the future construction site according to the most popular sections of the design documentation. This technology is a universal information platform that allows you to integrate various software modules into the BIM model of investment and construction projects. Thanks to this approach, it became possible to digitize construction production while monitoring the safety of work, as well as labor protection using a risk-oriented approach. Considering the application of this technology and the result, it can be seen that all research is aimed mainly at the work of designers. However, if we consider BIM technology as an information platform (base) on which new software products (complexes) can be superimposed, then we can create a qualitatively different approach in the application of this technology. In particular, it is possible to review the approach to the assessment of industrial safety and labor protection, in another perspective to approach the scheduling of construction schedules, consider the possibility of applying such programs in the assessment of construction and installation risks during the implementation of the investment and construction project. The article discusses 3D modeling of objects, such as a construction site. Individual areas with boundary assignment were analyzed to assess the degree of safety in these areas. To assess the state of labor protection, a breakdown of the studied object to 100 square meters was adopted. The stage of determining the most hazardous production factors, as well as possible risks that may be involved in the construction work has been investigated. According to the results of ranking of hazardous and harmful production factors, hazard zones are determined regardless of the type of construction and installation work. Based on the distribution of hazard zones (boundaries), it is possible to rank safety levels that characterize the safety situation at the construction site. The Construction Safety Index allows you to identify the processes and factors that most affect labor safety, which makes it possible for inspectors to most effectively correct the selection of protective measures at the construction site.

Toxicology of lunar dust in the aspect of possible occupational pathology of astronauts participating in an expedition to the Moon (review)

Introduction. Lunar dust is a new potentially dangerous factor to Russian space medicine, which astronauts participating in lunar expeditions will inevitably face when carrying out their professional activities. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the toxicity and danger of lunar dust, its classification as an occupational harmful and(or) dangerous production factor, characterization, and assessment of the likelihood of developing occupational pathology in acute, subacute, and chronic exposure are relevant. Furthermore, the solution of these tasks will make it possible to justify the appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures, the implementation of which is necessary both in the conditions of lunar expeditions and after returning from them. The study aims to evaluate the possibility of developing professionally caused diseases associated with the action of lunar dust in astronauts based on a comprehensive analysis of modern ideas about the biological effects and toxicity of lunar dust. Materials and methods. Scientists have summarized the data of domestic and foreign literature on the tox-icology of lunar dust, including general toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, local irritant effect, specific types of toxicity, bioavailability, and kinetics of lunar dust particles in the body. In addition, the authors analyzed the professional pathological aspects of the toxicology of lunar dust. Results. The researchers put forward an assumption about the ranking of target organs that are most vul-nerable in terms of the development of the immediate consequences of contact with lunar dust and con-cerning the delayed and long-term implications of such exposure. Based on the results of the analysis of literature data on the toxicology of lunar dust, the authors made a preliminary conclusion that as possible immediate and left effects of accidental and excess exposure to lunar dust, scientists consider allergic reactions, irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, respiratory tract, respiratory disorders, mental and physical performance, as well as a decrease in radioresistance of the body. As a potential long-term pathology associated with the impact of lunar dust on the body of astronauts par-ticipating in lunar expeditions, scientists propose to consider fibrous changes in the lungs, pneumoconiosis, silcosilicatosis, pulmonary carcinogenesis, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it is necessary to study the mechanisms and patterns of long-term effects of exposure to lunar dust on the body. Conclusions. Research on toxicological and hygienic rationing should be the basis for developing a set of sanitary and clean and therapeutic, and preventive measures to ensure the safety of participants of the expedition to the Moon in contact with lunar dust. In addition, it is possible to establish the official status of a harmful and(or) dangerous production chemical factor for lunar dust and identify and classify occupational diseases caused by contact with lunar dust.

Diagnostic markers of early metabolic disorders in workers of an oil-producing enterprise

The oil industry is a significant component of the industry of Bashkortostan. The complex of harmful factors for oil production workers includes industrial noise, vibration, exposure to harmful substances, the severity and intensity of work, unfavorable microclimate conditions. The researchers conditionally divide production factors of chemical nature into natural chemicals that are part of oil and associated gases (hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, mercaptans), and substances used to enhance oil recovery, preparation, transportation of oil and gas (reagents, acids, surfactants, methanol, welding aerosols). There is a role of changes in metabolic processes at the level of cells and subcellular structures in the development of pathological processes under the influence of harmful production factors in a number of studies. The study aims to substantiate the markers of early metabolic disorders in employees of an oil-producing enterprise. We conducted a study of metabolic processes in 340 oil production workers. The researchers represented the professional production groups by drillers (35.3%), operators of underground well repair (64.7%). The authors carried out characteristics of the factors of the working environment and the labor process of oil-producing industries in accordance with R 2.2.2006-05. The researchers also performed biochemical studies of the parameters of the lipid spectrum of blood serum, free radical processes and endogenous intoxication. The level of exposure to the average concentrations of the chemical factor at the workplaces of drillers and operators of underground well repair corresponds to classes 2-3.1. The influence of harmful production factors causes metabolic disorders in the body of oil production workers in the form of a violation of the lipid spectrum (an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides), changes in the activity of cytolytic enzymes (GGT, AST, ALT), activation of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in catalase activity, an increase in the level of medium-molecular peptides in blood serum, which confirms the presence of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the examined workers. The impact of harmful production factors on the body of oil production workers causes metabolic disorders in the body and dictates the need for a complex of biochemical studies for the early diagnosis of prenosological processes and timely preventive measures.

Some aspects of occupational safety at mining enterprises

Introduction.The article discusses the issues of labor protection at mining enterprises. Timely analysis and elaboration of measures to prevent them can reduce the risks of major accidents with a large number of victims.Problem Statement.It is necessary to choose the most effective measures to improve the level of industrial safety at mining enterprises based on a ready-made conceptual model of hazardous phenomena and accidents.Theoretical Part.To solve this problem, the article considers a ready-made conceptual model of hazardous phenomena and accidents that may occur in mines as a result of non-compliance with the requirements of occupational safety and industrial safety of enterprises proposed by A. I. Babenko. The analysis of accidents, risk factors, potential dangerous and harmful production factors at the mining enterprise is carried out. Based on the analysis, the most effective measures to improve the level of industrial safety at mining enterprises are proposed.Conclusions.The article considers the issues regulating labor protection at mining enterprises, as well as it identifies industrial risks and options for their elimination through the organization of measures to ensure industrial safety. Based on the results obtained, the most effective means to reduce the risks of hazardous production situations is the use of multifunctional systems to ensure occupational safety and industrial safety of mining enterprises.

Development of a methodology for assessing professional risks in construction

Introduction. Construction is one of the most injury-causing industries. It is connected with a large amount of operating production factors, that are constant or present potentially, which aggravate the high level of professional risks. The need to develop a methodology on the organization and performance of work in the field of labor protection in case of installation and construction works on building sites is proved in the article and by practical organizational activities of the construction entities.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing occupational risks for construction companies.Theoretical Part. The paper analyzes dangerous and harmful production factors that affect workers of construction organizations. The emphasis is placed on practical provision of labor protection in construction. At the same time, special attention is paid to the identification of occupational risks, their assessment and management. It is proposed to take into account statistical data on injuries in construction, the content of the construction organization project, work production projects and technological maps for the work carried out in the general assessment of occupational risk in the workplace.Conclusions. The authors propose an effective methodology for assessing occupational risks, taking into account the specifics of construction production.

Hazard mapping as a fundamental element of OSH management systems currently used in the mining sector

Purpose. Development of approaches to modernize the occupational health and safety management system in a mining company based on the introduction of a risk-based approach, which reduces the likelihood of incidents and improves the quality of working conditions of personnel. Methodology. In this study, it is advisable to use a matrix method based on score estimates of working conditions for each identified hazard. To prepare the professional risk assessment map, the register of violations (incidents) over the past 10 years was carefully analyzed on the cross-section, the opinion of employees directly related to the implementation of technological operations was taken into account, third-party experts were also involved, thanks to which it was possible to structure the information obtained during the study. Findings. The main result is a map of professional risk assessment for a dragline driver compiled based on real data related to incidents, consisting of 90 dangerous situations, on the basis of which the main causes of injuries at a real mining enterprise were identified, as well as measures to improve working conditions were proposed. Originality. The authors proposed a specific type of maps for assessing the professional risks of employees, which allows considering the general situation of exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors on employees with the possibility of classifying: sources of danger; negative events with the reasons for their manifestation; risk management measures; assessing the severity and likelihood of such events. The specificity is that risk assessment should be carried out for all major open-pit coal operations. The proposed approach makes it possible to identify problem areas for each operation and to focus on specific tasks, with responsible actors. In this way, management has some recommendations to improve the quality of working conditions. Risk assessment maps are an intermediate element in the calculation of the safety index (Elmeri Index). In this way, it is possible to obtain a final opinion not only on safety in the performance of specific technological operations, but also on safety at the enterprise as a whole. Such information is relevant for insurance companies in connection with the application of tariff coefficients for obtaining services, which include comprehensive enterprise protection programs, which is an integral part for mining companies. Practical value. Early identification and elimination of situations that can adversely affect the health of an employee of the enterprise allows controlling the risk arising in the process of professional labor activity.

Diagnostic significance of lipid profile indicators for assessing chemical workers’ cardiovascular risk

Introduction. The main cause of the able-bodied population’s death in the Russian Federation is cardiovascular diseases. It is known that one of the most important factors of cardiovascular risk is a violation of lipid metabolism, which is an indicator of atherogenesis processes activation. In this regard, it is relevant to study the lipid spectrum and its effect on the cardiovascular risk’s level for workers of various industries, who are exposed to a complex of harmful production factors. The study aims to investigate lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic processes in chemical production workers for the opportune implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Materials and methods of research. Comprehensive clinical and hygienic studies in the chemical industry have been carried out. Hygienic studies and assessment of working conditions of employees were accomplished using the current regulatory documents. Surveyed were divided into 3 groups: machine operators (I group), machinery repair locksmiths (II group), control and measuring devices’ locksmiths (CMD) (III group - comparison). To identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a screening examination was conducted within the framework of periodic medical examinations of 3761 male workers, a study of the lipid spectrum in 846 workers. Employees with high and very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE system underwent in-depth medical examination using clinical laboratory, functional, ultrasound examination methods (179 people). The relative risk and etiological proportion were calculated in order to establish a causal relationship between the complex of harmful production factors and the formation of hypercholesterolemia. Results. The data of the conducted studies showed that the factors of cardiovascular risk in workers of I and II groups have harmful working conditions on the workplace (general class of working conditions 3.2), smoking, obesity, hypertension, which are more common in the group of machinery repairmen which was compared with workers of other professions. It was found that the average values of total cholesterol in blood serum, LDL cholesterol were higher in the examined I-II groups than III group. Analysis of the state of the cardiovascular system main indicators for workers of various professions obtained as a result of in-depth examination in a hospital revealed, that signs carotid arteries atherosclerotic changes were more often registered in workers of I-II groups. The revealed indicators of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis increased in proportion to the length of service in harmful working conditions. Conclusion. The conducted research allowed to substantiate the algorithm of stage-by-stage examination, dynamic monitoring of the chemical production workers’ health’s state in order to detect atherosclerosis earlier and integrate therapeutic and preventive measures timely.

Disability-adjusted life years due to occupational diseases in agriculture workers

Introduction. Currently, many agro-industrial countries are experiencing a rapid intensification of agricultural and livestock production, which can critically affect the health of workers employed in agriculture, one of the five leading sectors of the economy with an increased risk of occupational diseases. Materials and methods. In order to assess the lost years of healthy life due to occupational diseases among agricultural workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 1,199 cases of chronic occupational morbidity of workers over 57 years (1960-2017) were analyzed; the number of years of life not lived or lived insufficiently due to this disease was calculated (the DALY index). Results. During the analyzed period, 41 occupational diseases was diagnosed as a result of exposure to four groups of the main harmful production factors of the working environment and the labour process: physical (43.6%), physical overload (38.9%), harmful chemicals (14.0%) and biological factors (3.5%). It was found that agricultural workers lost 2,256.1 years of healthy life due to occupational diseases, 73.2% accounted for dorsopathies, occupational diseases from vibration exposure and soft tissue diseases. The frequency of detection of occupational diseases and their clinical characteristics are reflected in the total number of years of healthy life lost. More than 75% of a total load of occupational diseases was caused by physical factors together with physical overload. A five-year delay in forming occupational diseases reduces the total lost years of healthy life by 17.0% and a ten-year delay by 33.5%. Limitations. One thousand one hundred ninety-nine cases were assessed over 57 years of observation when studying occupational morbidity, which is a sufficient reference sample. Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of the DALY index due to occupational disease allows to assess the likely medical and social damage by the number of years of healthy life lost for patients and justify priority measures aimed at reducing this damage.

Changes in the cellular composition of blood, phagocytic function of neutrophils in patients with acute coronary syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine changes in the cellular composition of the neutrophil blood, the phagocytic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who underwent coronary artery (CA) stenting. We examined 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome aged 40 to 65 years (mean age 52.58±6.82), who immediately after admission or within the next 72 hours, depending on the clinical situation, underwent coronary angiography and implanted stents with drug Xience Alpine finish. The control group consisted of 30 healthy men who had no contact with harmful production factors, and in whom no clinical, laboratory and instrumental deviations from the norm were detected during medical examinations. Complete blood count (25 parameters: leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet hematopoietic sprouts), quantitative and qualitative composition of hematopoietic sprouts was performed by a standardized method on a Medonic M20 hematological analyzer (Sweden). Evaluation of neutrophil phagocytic activity of latex particles with a diameter of 1.7 μm by neutrophils (phagocytosis activity, phagocytosis intensity, phagocytosis number), spontaneous and induced neutrophil HBT activity were recorded by a morphological method (light microscopy using Olimpus microscopes (Japan). Conventional methods were used to assess the functional activity of phagocytes. In patients with ACS, compared to the control group, leukocytosis was observed (10.34±0.764, p<0.001), a relative increase in the number of stab and segmented neutrophils in % (4.98±0.736, p<0.05 and 61.09±1.908, p<0.001, respectively), absolute number of granulocytes -7.30±0.711×10⁹/l (p<0.001), absolute increase in monocytes — 0.92±0.093 (p<0.05). Decreased percentage of lymphocytes -22.43±2.013 (p<0.001). The index of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 2.95 in the examined patients. rophils in % (38.55±3.230 — ACS, 50.6±3.44 — control, p<0.05), but higher NST induced activity in % (59.73±2.936 versus 39.4±1.51 , respectively, p<0.001) and the index of NBT-induced cell activity (0.90±0.065 vs. 0.63±0.031, respectively, p<0.001). These data indicate the severity of the process and characterize the exacerbation of inflammation in these patients against the background of a decrease in the immune activity of the phagocytic link.

Pecularities of onychomycosis and psoriasis in railway transport workers

The purpose of the study is to assess the features of onychomycosis of the feet of railway transport workers suffering from psoriasis. Materials and methods. During the clinical study, a professional anamnesis vitae and morbi was collected and analyzed. For the most objective assessment of onychomycosis, KIOTOS was calculated. A total of 100 patients with psoriasis were examined. The main group consisted of 47 railway transport workers whose work is associated with the impact of harmful production factors. The control group consisted of 53 patients with psoriasis. The results of the study. Nail plates were morfed in 68.1% in the main group and in 28.3% in the control group. Nail mycosis associated with psoriatic onychopathy was diagnosed in 78.7% of patients in group I and 11.3% in group II. Onychomycosis of the feet of railway transport workers develops 2.7 times earlier, their KYOTOS is 5.5 times higher, and the progrediency of the course is 4.8 times higher than in patients who do not come into contact with occupational hazards. Conclusions. The early onset, more severe clinical manifestations and the course of onychomycosis of the feet of railway transport workers suffering from psoriasis are due to prolonged exposure to harmful production factors.

Улучшение условий труда операторов холодной штамповки электромеханического завода путем снижения уровня шума на примере промышленных предприятий Республики Мордовии

The article touches upon one of the urgent problems of our time, namely, the pollution of the industrial environment by industrial noise. Equipment of the enterprises is characterized by a high productivity, the work is accompanied by a significant number of hazardous and harmful production factors, one of which is an increased noise level. The analysis showed that the increased concentration of this phenomenon acts on the human body as a general biological irritant. Changes caused by noise are interpreted in the medical sciences as a «noise disease», which is characterized by hearing loss, changes in the function of digestion, cardiovascular insufficiency, and a functional disorder of the central nervous system. Another negative aspect of the increased noise level is a decrease in labor productivity. The study of noise at the section of cold stamping was conducted as part of a special assessment of the working conditions using an ASSISTANT sound level meter of the first class of accuracy. It was established that the main source of noise in the area under consideration is technological equipment. The sound in the workshop spreads evenly in all the directions, reaching the walls, ceiling, floor, as well as various objects. Upon reaching the target, it is partially absorbed, reflected, and passes through it. Over time, as a result of many reflections from the walls, the ceiling and the equipment located in the workshop, the sound waves form a mixed sound. Thus, there is direct and reflected sound in the cold stamping shop. The conducted studies showed that the most appropriate way to protect cold stamping operators is a set of measures that include sound-absorbing lining of the room in combination with the personal protective equipment, namely, noise-protective headphones. The proposed measures will improve working conditions from harmful class 3 to acceptable class 2.

New criteria for professional selection and professional suitability by hearing to work in conditions of exposure to industrial hazards

New regulations of professional selection and professional suitability for the state of auditory function for persons entering for the first time and already working under the influence of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors are discussed.

ІНТЕГРАЛЬНА ОЦІНКА АВАРІЙНОСТІ ТА НЕБЕЗПЕК ПРИ ВУГЛЕВИДОБУТКУ

Purpose. To determine methodological approaches to the integrated assessment of accidents and hazards of coal mining processes, which allow taking into account the mining and geological conditions of coal mining at a particular mining enterprise. Methods. Analytical methods, methods of probability theory, statistical processing of accidents at coal mines of Ukraine and methods of economic and mathematical modelling are used in the work. Results. Methodological bases for integrated assessment of hazards and harmfulness of production taking into account mining and geological conditions of coal mining are developed. It is shown that ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. It is shown that the occurrence of accidents and hazards caused by hazardous production factors is probabilistic, so the economic assessment of these phenomena should be unified and take into account the expected economic losses in accidents and hazards and the probabilistic nature of these phenomena. Scientific novelty. For the first time it was proposed to use the economic assessment of hazardous and harmful production factors typical of the process or production as an integral assessment of accident rate, measure of hazardousness and harmfulness of a technological process or production. Practical value. The ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. Availability of an integrated assessment of hazardous and harmful phenomena of coal mining allows taking more reasonable decisions aimed at preserving and developing the potential of the coal industry, as well as selection and justification of decisions on design and construction of new energy facilities taking into account social and economic aspects

АНАЛИЗ ПРОБЛЕМ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ ПРИ УВЕЛИЧЕНИИ ДОЛИ ПОЖИЛЫХ ТРАКТОРИСТОВ-МАШИНИСТОВ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ

Due to the change in the retirement age and the increase in the proportion of elderly tractor drivers in agricultural enterprises, it became possible to increase the number of emergencies and accidents in the field. The methodological basis of the research was the study and analysis of changes in human cognitive abilities with the increasing age (decreased attention, memory, and performance) and operating environment factors of tractor drivers that affect their fatigue and performance. It has been established that the risks of increased number of emergencies and accidents may grow due to natural biological processes occurring in the body of most people after reaching the age of 60. The age-related decline in attention, memory, decision-making speed, and efficiency of elderly tractor drivers can be aggravated by the presence of harmful production factors in the workplace. At the same time, over many years of work in unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions, the risks of occupational diseases may also increase. The author draws conclusions about the need for agricultural managers to adjust the system of both assessing occupational risks and managing the health and safety of elderly tractor drivers. It is advisable for the labor protection services of agricultural enterprises to develop and implement a system for managing the risks of overwork, organizing fatigue preventive measures for elderly tractor drivers and, accordingly, the probability of various incidents and accidents. It is necessary to conduct research on the combined effect of microclimate and noise parameters on the fatigue, reaction speed, and attentiveness of elderly tractor drivers to develop requirements for their work and rest modes and clarify the requirements for the arrangement of tractor cabs and mobile agricultural machines.