Front-end Applications Research Articles

A biasing based current mode analog front-end for biomedical applications

Abstract Electrocardiograms, Electromyogram, and Electroencephalogram, are very few extensions and low frequencies electronic detection system. An important part of their biomedical detection electronic system is the biopatensive props-device. In this article, analog front-end in a current mode has been proposed to bioptational signal acquisitions. It includes programmable profit-current (PGC) mode amplifier (MA) and 2nd current mode low-pass filter (CM-LPF). Amplifier operated and low-pass filter externally used ELIN circuits. EIN blocks were executed by the use of log-domain circuits. In the proposed circuit, a combination of pull up and pull down transistors which acts as an inverter is used for biasing purpose. The biasing is done in such a way that the transistors switch their region of operation between cutoff region and saturation region in order to perform switching action. The proposed current mode analog front-end consumes less material to implement circuit design.

CISMET

Compliance to regulatory requirements is a critical concern in information system development projects. Managing this aspect is increasingly challenging while failures impose costly consequence on the organizations world-wide. However, how a legislation may or may not affect information system development projects is often not easily identifiable due to lack of clear understanding and guidelines. This paper presents compliant information system development (CISMET) ontology, exploiting concepts from 21 existing ontologies (regarding regulatory compliance and information system development). The key findings are the six parent classes in the CISMET ontology describing the system development goals, services, process, activities, artifacts, and resources. Also, there are 26 sub classes and 21 class properties that describe various concepts and their relationships in regulatory compliant information system development. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union has been instantiated in the proposed framework to indicate how regulatory requirements compliance concepts are mapped to system development projects. Thus, involved stakeholders (information system researchers and system developers) may identify dependencies and actions needed with relation to various rules in the regulation and their link to the system elements through a relevant software application. The latter enables users to easily submit queries towards the backend ontology through a specialized front-end application that can aid in formulating and submitting these queries.

A Data Layout and Fast Failure Recovery Scheme for Distributed Storage Systems with Mixed Erasure Codes

Erasure coding becomes increasingly popular in distributed storage systems (DSSes) for providing high reliability with low storage overhead. However, traditional random data placement induces massive cross-rack traffic and severely imbalanced load during failure recovery, which degrades the recovery performance significantly. In addition, various erasure codes coexisting in a DSS exacerbates the above problems. In this paper, we propose PDL, a PBD-based Data Layout, to optimize failure recovery performance in DSSes. PDL is constructed based on Pairwise Balanced Design, a combinatorial design scheme with uniform mathematical properties, and thus presents a uniform data layout for mixed erasure codes. Then we propose rPDL, a failure recovery scheme based on PDL. rPDL reduces cross-rack traffic effectively and provides nearly balanced cross-rack traffic distribution by uniformly choosing replacement nodes and retrieving determined available blocks to recover the lost blocks. We implemented PDL and rPDL in Hadoop 3.1.1. Compared with the existing data layout and recovery scheme in HDFS, experimental results show that rPDL achieves much higher recovery throughput, 6.27x for single-node failures, 5.14x for multi-node failures and 1.48x for single-rack failures, respectively. It also reduces degraded read latency by 62.83%, and provides evidently better support to front-end applications in case of component failures.

The FDA MyStudies app: a reusable platform for distributed clinical trials and real-world evidence studies.

We developed a mobile application and secure patient data storage platform, FDA MyStudies, to address privacy, engagement, and extensibility challenges in mobile clinical research. The system extends the capabilities of the mobile frameworks Apple ResearchKit and ResearchStack through an intuitive front-end application and secure storage environment that can support health research studies. The platform supports single or multisite studies via role-based access and can be implemented within highly secure data environments. As a proof-of-concept, pregnant women participated in a descriptive study via the app in which data not routinely captured in electronic health records (EHR) were collected and linked with existing patient data to provide a more wholistic view of the patient and illustrate how patient data combined with EHR data could be used to support public health research.

A 112-dB SFDR 89-dB SNDR VCO-Based Sensor Front-End Enabled by Background-Calibrated Differential Pulse Code Modulation

This article presents a high-dynamic-range (DR) voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based front end for sensor readout applications. Unlike conventional VCO-based quantizers, which suffer from large voltage-to-frequency non-linearities, the proposed design leverages differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) from compression theory to substantially reduce the amplitude of the signal incident to the VCO quantizer, thereby achieving an ultra-low total harmonic distortion (THD) of -112 dB. In addition, background digital gain calibration is employed to overcome gain deviation of the VCO, thus ensuring a robust design. Together with dynamic element matching (DEM), the techniques enable a high DR using only the first-order noise shaping inherent in VCO-based quantizers and a moderate 32× oversampling ratio. Fabricated in 65 nm, the sensor front end consumes 3.2- μW power and achieves an SNDR of 89 dB and a DR of 94 dB in 500 Hz of bandwidth. Together with a 1.18- μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> integrated input-referred noise, it achieves a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 4 and a Schreier FoM of 171 dB.

10–60-GHz Electromechanical Resonators Using Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

This work presents a new class of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator toward 60 GHz for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications. The wide range of the operating frequencies is achieved by resorting to different orders of the antisymmetric Lamb wave modes in a 400-nm-thick Z-cut lithium niobate thin film. The resonance of 55 GHz demonstrated in this work marks the highest operating frequency for piezoelectric electromechanical devices. The fabricated device shows an extracted mechanical Q of 340 and an f x Q product of 1.87 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> in a footprint of 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The performance has shown the strong potential of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> antisymmetric mode devices for front-end applications in 5G high-band.

The study of Severini’s wall paintings in Switzerland: how to manage heterogeneity of data and team members?

A data management system has been created for the 4-year research project to manage the results of the study of the wall paintings by Gino Severini in fve Swiss churches (https://www.stluc.ch/). The project involves art historical and scientifc research to investigate painting materials and techniques. The data produced by the multidisciplinary team is vast and varied and is archived in a database (Db) designed to act both as a fle repository and as an exchange platform. The documentation is based on a 3D survey carried out with stereo photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. The Db contains data sheets describing ‘entities’ which can be physical objects with cultural signifcance (e.g. a wall painting) or the structures containing them (e.g. the church). It is possible to establish hierarchical relationships between entities, e.g. the church, the apse, one of the paintings in the apse etc.. There are no limits to the number of sub-entities that can be created and nested one in the other recursively (as folders and sub-folders). In this way, the Db structure can register any type of activity involving the heritage by collecting all the documentation and data produced at all levels. Data includes vector drawings that are recorded as tables in the Db and can be visualized as maps. These allow the linking of any fle and data sheet, providing immediate access to information starting from the map. Data entry is carried out by the professionals creating it, i.e. the project team members. The system has a client-server architecture based on PostgreSQL with the PostGIS extension server side and is currently accessed by the team through a front-end application based on Access and a cartographic application based on QuantumGIS. The challenge and the innovation of this system is to allow professionals from the diferent disciplines within the research groups to safely enter and access data working with sophisticated profled privileges while the project is on-going. Once the project is completed, in an ‘Open science’ framework, data will be accessible to common users and to specialists. The Severini project is in its second year and currently two of the fve churches have been studied. The paper will discuss the challenges encountered, the solutions developed, and the potentiality and fexibility of the data model designed.

Deterministic Data Distribution for Efficient Recovery in Erasure-Coded Storage Systems

Due to individual unreliable commodity components, failures are common in large-scale distributed storage systems. Erasure codes are widely deployed in practical storage systems to provide fault tolerance with low storage overhead. However, random data distribution (RDD), commonly used in erasure-coded storage systems, induces heavy cross-rack traffic, load imbalance, and random access, which adversely affects failure recovery. In this article, with orthogonal arrays, we define a Deterministic Data Distribution (D 3 ) to uniformly distribute data/parity blocks among nodes, and propose an efficient failure recovery approach based on D 3 , which minimizes the cross-rack repair traffic against a single node failure. Thanks to the uniformity of D 3 , the proposed recovery approach balances the repair traffic not only among nodes within a rack but also among racks. We implement D 3 over Reed-Solomon codes and Locally Repairable Codes in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) with a cluster of 28 machines. Compared with RDD, our experiments show that D3 significantly speeds up the failure recovery up to 2.49 times for RS codes and 1.38 times for LRCs. Moreover, D 3 supports front-end applications better than RDD in both of normal and recovery states.

Compact low‐noise power amplifier design and implementation for millimetre wave frequencies

In this paper, we have designed and realized a two-stage low-noise power amplifier (LNPA) with resistive feedback network targeting for Ka-band compact RF front-end applications. Featuring the characteristics of both low noise and high power at the same time, the LNPA is expected to be a possible one-chip replacement of power and low noise amplifiers integrated in a conventional transceiver/receiver (T/R) module. Such configuration features size compactness while reduces implementation complexity which is of crucial importance for integration in antenna arrays with large number of antenna elements. Implemented in 0.15-μm GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) technology, the LNPA, operating at 36–40 GHz, exhibits a peak gain of 15.96 dB, a minimum noise figure of 2.88 dB, a power consumption of 152 mW and a measured 1-dB compression output power of 14.92 dBm at 38 GHz, respectively. The LNPA also featured a very good linearity performance with a measured output third-order interception point (IP3) of 22.22 dBm at 38 GHz.

Pengembangan Aplikasi M-Learning Berbasis Android Sebagai Sarana Penunjang Pembelajaran Dalam Kelas

Software manajemen pembelajaran sudah banyak yang dikembangkan dan penggunaannya semakin meluas di era industry 4.0 ini, akan tetapi kebanyakan software tersebut dikembangkan ketika penggunaan smartphone belum meluas, sehingga desain antar mukanya dirancang untuk penggunaan pada komputer desktop. Walaupun e-learning yang ada memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengakses materi perkuliahan dari jarak jauh melalui apikasi web, akan tetapi mobilitas pengguna masih terbatas karena tergantung dengan posisi desktop tempat dia bekerja. Akses menggunakan smartphone juga terhambat karena performa yang kurang bagus dan desain aplikasi web yang masih berorientasi pada computer desktop. Hal di atas menyebabkan tidak optimalnya pemanfaatan sarana e-learning oleh mahasiswa. Untuk mengatasi hambatan di atas, pada penelitian ini dirancang antarmuka aplikasi e-learning dengan aplikasi native pada perangkat mobile. Aplikasi mobile e-learning ini terdiri dari backend yang berjalan pada server dan aplikasi frontend pada perangkat smartphone. Sebagai backend pada peladen, digunakan software manajemen pembelajaran online berbasis chamilo. Chamilo merupakan software kode terbuka untuk manajemen pembelajaran online berbasis php. Software mobile dikembangkan secara native untuk perangkat android dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman kotlin. Akses ke database menggunakan webservice berbasis SOAP dan RESTFUL API. Diharapkan dengan software ini siswa bisa mengulang menyimak materi dengan mudah dengan menu yang intuitive dan tanpa terhalang oleh menu-menu yang kompleks, sehingga tingkat penyerapan terhadap materi pembelajaran semakin tinggi.

Robustness‐oriented P‐band phased array radar front‐end with high phase and gain resolution in 0.18 BiCMOS

In this study, the authors present a P-band phased array front-end for radar applications, implemented using a 0.18 μ m SiGe BiCMOS process, thereby enhancing robustness over process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. It comprises a low noise amplifier, 6-bit attenuator, 6-bit phase shifter, power amplifier, T-R switches as well as control circuits. As the key here is to achieve high resolutions in both gain and phase controls, the 6-bit attenuator and 6-bit phase shifter are optimised by cascading unit cells with different topologies, hence ensuring a good balance between accuracy, silicon area and robustness. Temperature compensation techniques are also used in the low noise amplifier and power amplifier so that the circuit works robustly against PVT variations. Fabricated using TowerJazz 0.18 μ m SiGe BiCMOS technology, the prototype front-end occupies a chip area of 5 × 2.5 mm 2 , including bonding pads and test buffers. It performs with a receiver (RX) gain of 12 dB, a 3 dB noise figure, and a transmitter (TX) gain of 29 dB, while consuming 60 mW (RX mode) and 600 mW (TX mode) from a 3.3 V supply voltage. The chip is also measured in extreme conditions (e.g. temperatures exceeding 100 ° C ) to ensure robust operation and is suitable for low-cost phased array systems.

An Eight-Element Frequency Reconfigurable MIMO Slot Antenna with Multi-band Tuning Characteristics

In this work, a novel rectangular slot-based MIMO frequency reconfigurable antenna design is presented for cognitive radio (CR) front-end applications. This antenna design consists of eight rectangular-shaped antenna elements etched on ground plane. The proposed design provides multi-band operation by employing a meandered type slot in center of every antenna. It provides a frequency tunable band between 1.6 and 2.48 GHz as well as two more bands on 3.6 GHz and 5.2 GHz, hence covering various wireless standards like GSM, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX, Bluetooth and WiFi. Varactor diodes are employed in the center of each element to get frequency reconfigurability by changing the capacitive reactance of the slot. Furthermore, rectangular defected ground slots are utilized between vertically positioned antenna elements for isolation improvement. The complete design is realized on FR-4 substrate of size 120 × 60 × 0.8 mm3. The simulation and measurement results exhibit good agreement. The design is simple, low-profile, compact and planar in structure making it suitable for CR applications.

Development of a front-end ASIC for silicon-strip detectors of the J-PARC muon [formula omitted]/EDM experiment

A front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with high rate capability and deep memory buffer is needed for the silicon-strip detector for the J-PARC muon g−2/EDM experiment. In this experiment, we reconstruct a positron track from muon decay by the silicon-strip detector and measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment and the electric dipole moment precisely to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model. The front-end ASIC is required to tolerate hit rates of 1.4 MHz per strip, to be stable to the change of hit rate by a factor of 150 from the beginning to the end of the measurement, and to have deep memory for the period of 40μs with 5 ns time resolution. To satisfy the experimental requirements, we designed a prototype ASIC “SliT128B” with the Silterra 180 nm CMOS technology. We report on the design and the performance of the SliT128B.

Quality factor boosting of bulk acoustic wave resonators based on a two dimensional array of high-Q resonant tanks

An innovative resonance excitation methodology of a two-dimensional array of uniformly patterned structure into extremely high-quality factor (Q) mode using engineered frequency-matched thin piezoelectric film on substrate (TPoS) transducer is demonstrated in this Letter. The passive Q-enhancement can be attained lithographically without adding to the power requirement of the system. A 500 nm thick piezoelectric material facilitates the inter-electrical-mechanical domain coupling, and the displacement generated at the transducer periphery drives the patterned 10 μm thick single crystal silicon plate into various resonant modes. Using this topology, unexplored modes can be generated as well by the forced vibration feature of the interacting resonant tanks. Utilizing a multiport port excitation scheme, multiple modes are explored, while the primary focus is maintained on the Lamé mode of the array. In vacuum for an operational frequency of 58.56 MHz, an exceptionally high-quality factor of 58 276 is attained with a motional resistance of 1250 Ω and this is the record-high figure of merit (f × Q = 3.4 × 1012) attained for aluminum nitride-based TPoS based resonators. This successful demonstration of the energy coupling scheme paves a path for the study of existing and investigation of unexplored high-Q modes spanning over a wide range of frequency, making these devices a potential candidate for radio frequency front-end applications. The CMOS compatibility of aluminum nitride makes it an attractive solution for achieving low phase noise monolithically integrated CMOS–microelectromechanical systems oscillators.

SRS VMM readout for Gadolinium GEM-based detector prototypes for the NMX instrument at ESS

We report on further development and application of a general purpose readout system, the Scalable Readout System (SRS). The SRS was introduced by the RD51 collaboration in 2009 in a common effort. Several front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) were implemented in the system, of which the APV25 is most commonly used. Recently, we implemented the VMM ASIC, developed to read out detectors of the ATLAS New Small Wheel. We developed hardware components as well as FPGA firmware and computer software. With this latest implementation called SRS VMM, other groups intend to perform experiments and detector R&D. In our application targeted at the NMX macromolecular diffractometer, one of the instruments foreseen at the European Spallation Source (ESS), SRS VMM was used to read out prototype detectors. Small scale versions were successfully tested at neutron sources and a full scale version was constructed. In those test beams, the feasibility of the detector and readout electronics design could be demonstrated.

Improving Back-End Services for Community Enterprise Through using Thai Chatbot

Nowadays, chatbots are widely used in business and marketing. Especially in the front-end of application is used to the automated customer response service. This research presents Thai chatbot that helps increase the efficiency of usage for community enterprise entrepreneurs. This system focusing on back-end services such as payment status, product delivery, and product sales information. It can help entrepreneurs to inquire or check their selling information through a Thai chatbot using ontology technology to help identify messages from users and matching the results from the developed web services. It can classify the Thai words or messages from users say and respond to the relevant back-end services to the user with an efficiency value of over 90%. As a result of black box testing, Thai chatbot had the highest effectiveness in improving the back-end service for community enterprise entrepreneurs.

Characterization of spectral broadening and contrast enhancement in cross-polarized wave generation based on gadolinium gallium garnet crystal

To provide seed pulses with ultra-broad bandwidth and high temporal contrast for high power laser systems, cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation based on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) crystal was proposed after a high-gain preamplifier. By numerical simulation, specifications of conversion efficiency with ∼23.3%, contrast enhancement by ∼9.7 orders of magnitude and spectrum of 626–1167 nm (full width at half maximum ∼ 259 nm) supporting Fourier-transfer-limit duration of 5.5fs was realized. XPW injected by fundamental wave of higher-order super-Gaussian temporal profiles presents superior characterizations. By contrast with BaF2, XPW with GGG performs a comparable contrast enhancement, higher efficiency and more remarkable spectrum broadening, indicating a prominent application in frontend.

Electronic health record design for inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa medical record informatics

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are one of the exploding innovations in the twenty-first century. It serves as the backbone of medical operations in the developed countries. However, many developing countries including sub-Saharan Africa are yet to incorporate EHRs, despite the multiplicity of benefit it offers. This paper presents a design model that can be implemented in these economies. A work flow of operations in a typical hospital was defined and used in the design process. The patients’ data are captured through the front end application and these were stored on the database. A role based access level is assigned to caregiver through the incorporated fingerprint access control. All the caregivers’ workstations are connected to the EHRs via a configured server. The designed EHR system will enable optimization of clinical practices and management functions when deployed. The system is affordable to clinics and hospitals in the developing world. It can be adapted to meet the specific goals or requirements of an organization.

Development of Android Based Try Out Application For National Exam Of Vocational Theory In Vocational School Accompanied With Learning Outcomes Recommendation

This research aims to develop the Android based for National Exam Tryout of Vocational Theory of SMK TKJ. This&lt;br /&gt;application also gives recommendation according the tryout result. This research also aims to know the feasibility of&lt;br /&gt;this application based on an assessment by media expert and student of TKJ department. this research use research&lt;br /&gt;and development method (R &amp;amp; D) which adapted from Waterfall software development model. Waterfall method&lt;br /&gt;includes 5 stages: (1) requirement definition; (2) system and software design; (3) implementation and unit testing; (4)&lt;br /&gt;integration and unit testing; (5) operation and maintenance. The assessment results from media experts amounted to&lt;br /&gt;4.37 for Android-based front-end applications and for 4.42 for web-based back-end applications, user-rating back-end&lt;br /&gt;apps got a value of 4.65, while ratings from students were 4.53. Based on the feasibility study It can be concluded that&lt;br /&gt;the Android applications can be used. This application has advantages that are: 1) the application can display the&lt;br /&gt;recommendation of exam results; 2) the application displays questions randomly; 3) app can run on old Android&lt;br /&gt;version.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Extracting and searching news articles in web portal news pages

Recently, a large amount of news articles is being created online, and news articles are important resources for understanding social phenomena and trends. Accordingly, a web portal service provides a 'portal news page' that classifies news articles published from various news sources into sections and provides each news article with a certain structure. Therefore, by analysing portal news pages, it is possible to automatically extract information about news articles. In this paper, we introduce a prototype that extracts and searches key information of news articles for analysis. Specifically, we describe: 1) a crawler that collects, analyses and parses news articles; 2) an Elasticsearch server that indexes and searches news information; and 3) a front-end application that provides a search user interface. These systems are expected to provide the foundation for news analytics and forecasting services.