Forms Of Physical Education Research Articles

Pedagogical activity as the basis of pedagogical mastery of a physical culture teacher

The article examines the peculiarities of pedagogical activity as a component of the pedagogical skills of future teachers of physical education. The concept of "pedagogical activity", which is understood as a type of activity expressed in procedural and effective aspects, is analyzed. Pedagogical activity is the professional activity of a teacher, in which the tasks of teaching and upbringing are realized with the help of various means of influencing students, it is also noted that pedagogical activity does not begin with setting goals, but with the analysis of the pedagogical situation, which already creates conditions for activity. The pedagogical activity of a physical education teacher is very variable, as are the teaching conditions (gym, street, office). It is noted that the pedagogical activity of a physical culture teacher is reduced not only to the process of imparting knowledge to students, the formation of their motor abilities and skills, and the education of physical qualities, an analysis of the educational and practical activity of students is carried out, an assessment of its effectiveness is made, appropriate corrections are made, that is, current control is carried out. The main directions of the pedagogical activity of the physical culture teacher are indicated, including: diagnostic  identification of the individual qualities of the student; indicative-prognostic teacher's ability to determine goals, purpose, content; constructive-projective involves planning, selection of means, methods of influencing the student; organizational and activity manifested in the organization of various forms of physical education, establishing contacts with schoolchildren, adult environment; communicative - the ability to communicate, establish contacts; analytical-evaluative consists in the analysis of both one's own actions and the actions of pupils; research-creative elucidation of individual and mental characteristics of pupils. It is noted that the pedagogical activity of a physical culture teacher should be aimed at solving the tasks of physical education, which in turn is an important means of physical, social and spiritual development of an individual. It is indicated that the pedagogical activity of a physical culture teacher is a complex, multidimensional and highly dynamic process that takes place in constantly changing conditions, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children and the teacher's personality.

Design of health protection technology in the process of beginning physical culture for young students

In the past decades the world science has included the problem of health in its wide interpretation in the circle of global problems, the resolution of which predetermines not only the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the prospective development of mankind, but also the fact of its further existence as a biological species itself. Nation’s health is regarded as an indicator of the state’s civility reflecting the social and economic condition of the society. According to UNO resolution No. 38/54 of 1997 the population’s health is considered to be the main criterion of the expediency and efficiency of all the spheres of the economic activity without exception. Moreover, the experts believe that about 75% of adults’ diseases result from the living conditions they had in their childhood and youth.
 The problem of healthconservation and its purposeful formation in children andyouthhas an exclusive importance and topicalityin the modern conditions of the Ukrainian society development as it is directly connected with the problem of the state existence. In the World Health Declaration (May 1998) the stress is laid upon the fact that the level of state social policy efficiency can be determined by the level of its influence upon the health of the population as a sufficient level of health establishes a solid foundation of a sustainable economic growth.
 Analysis of the results of own and medical and social research in recent years shows a significant deterioration in the quality of the student youth. And this trend is sustainable. The issue of the health of children and young people should become a priority not only for medical employees who do not have objective opportunities to fully solve it, but also teachers. It is the latter that are called to form schoolchildren have a conscious attitude to their own health and a healthy lifestyle (HSL) and carry out propaedeutic work in the specified direction.
 The main function of out-of-school and out-of-class activity is creation of the most favorable conditions for forming the habit of systematic physical trainings. Classes are only the beginning of all complicated system of this process, which means training during the school day, out-of-class and out-of-school physical and health activity, self-dependent work.
 Increasing of effectiveness of the system of physical education at school depends on the correct organization of all the measures. They must be coordinated while planning with the essence of physical culture classes, promote learning of educational material that is predicted with the program. So, all the forms of physical education are united with the common tasks. For optimal solving of all the problems of physical education it is worth practicing different forms of activities by introducing physical-health measures while daily routine, wide pupils’ attraction to training in sport sections and workshops, popularizing of additional and optional classes.

Implementation of the key competence of lifelong learning in physical education

The article reveals issues related to ways of implementing the key competency "Learning throughout life" in the physical education of schoolchildren in general secondary education institutions. Pedagogical situations and methodical techniques that physical culture teachers can use during class and outside of school are outlined. On the basis of the modular control work, which is a mandatory component of the program of advanced training courses "Modernization of school physical education in the conditions of the new Ukrainian school" for physical education teachers, which are held on the basis of Ivan Boberskyi Lviv State University of Physical Education, the ways of implementing this key competence by means of physical education. Physical education teachers during course retraining (134 people, of them: 72 people of the highest qualification category, which is 53,74%; 29 people – I category (21,64%); 12 – II category (8,96%); 18 – specialists (13,43%); 3 – young specialists (2,24%) carried out simulations of a physical education lesson based on the competence approach, created pedagogical situations and methodological techniques, with the help of which innovations were introduced into various forms of physical education. that in the development of the key competence "Lifelong learning" it is possible to highlight pedagogical situations, methodical techniques that encourage solving educational, health-related, developmental tasks during the physical education lesson and in extracurricular time. from the medical group, to show creativity and creativity in compiling individual complexes of general developmental exercises taking into account individual characteristics, interest reasons and motives.
 It was established that, according to the results of the modular control work, the formation of the key competence "Learning throughout life" is of particular importance for students who are directed to preparatory and special medical groups, since improving the health of students is the main motive in the search and assimilation of the necessary information.

Forms of organization of physical education and recreational activities as a means of strengthening pupils’ health

The paper views the problem of organizing physical education classes in institutions of general secondary education. At the moment, it is conditioned by the importance to direct children to take care of their own health in the process of education, to form in them an attitude to systematic physical exercises, and accordingly to increase the level of daily physical activity. Analysis of scientific research shows that today’s lifestyle does not provide a full-fledged biological norm of motor activity, physical development and health promotion. This problem is not solved even by the introduction of the third class of physical education. It has been established that motor activity is an integral part of the natural development, formation of a child’s lifestyle and behaviour. The level of motor activity during school years depends on the organization of the physical education process, as well as on the organization of special and independent physical education classes outside the school, i.e. during extracurricular and after-school activities.
 It has been established that an important role in the formation of motor activity among teenagers is played by the introduction of certain forms of physical education and recreational work, namely: tourist walks on the weekend, hiking, outdoor games and sports games of a recreational type, sports entertainment of a recreational type, various modern fitness programmes. Appropriate forms of classes provide an opportunity to actively communicate with peers, obtain a sufficient level of motor activity, physically develop, and also actively rest. Theoretical and practical studies prove that the physical and recreational activities of children today are based on the use of modern means of physical culture, ideals and values of a healthy lifestyle, advanced achievements of scientists in the field of physical education and sports.

Exploring the Role of Teaching Aids in Enhancing Physical Education for Schoolchildren: A Literature Review

Background and Study Aim. Physical education is an important aspect of school curriculum, and teaching aids play a crucial role in this process. The purpose of this study is to explore different approaches to defining teaching aids and their functions, as well as to identify sources for selecting them in the context of physical education for schoolchildren.
 Methodology. The study is based on a review of relevant literature, including publications from the Vernadskyi National Library and Google search system. The search criteria used specific keywords related to the topic, and a total of 38 sources were selected for analysis.
 Results. The study reveals the various approaches to defining teaching aids and their functions in physical education, as well as their sources of selection. A classification of teaching aids used in the process of physical education for schoolchildren is proposed, and the impact of these aids on the content and organization of physical education is highlighted.
 Conclusions. The study concludes that there is no universally accepted definition of teaching aids, and the classification of these aids in the context of physical education for schoolchildren is yet to be established. Further research is needed to develop a comprehensive classification system that takes into account the various forms of physical education in schools. Ultimately, the findings of this study highlight the importance of teaching aids in the process of physical education and the need for a more systematic approach to their selection and use.

Indicators of physical health of middle school age

The social progress of Ukrainian society directly depends on the health of the population, and the prospects for its development depend on the health of the younger generation, especially school-age children. Since school age is the most favorable for the formation of healthy lifestyle skills, a conscious attitude to one's health, the desire to maintain and improve its level throughout later life. Unfortunately, the level of physical health of children and adolescents has been steadily deteriorating recently. Issues of increasing physical development and correcting the physical health of children of different ages due to the introduction of innovative means, methods and forms of physical education into the process of physical education. Modern living conditions place high demands on physical health and protective capabilities of the human body. The article describes indicators of physical health of middle school childrens.
 The analysis of the data of the primary study of students of the main groups revealed an average level of physical health among childrens of 6th grades and lower than average among childrens of 7‒8th grades. In terms of age, it was established that mostly the scores of 8th graders are significantly higher than the results of 6th and 7th graders (р˂0.05‒0.001). An exception is the indicators of the level of development of strength, speed and speed endurance of the muscles of the back and abdominal press, according to which the results of the 8th grade students are significantly lower than the data of the 6th and 7th grade students (р˂0.001). In terms of gender, it was found that the boys' performance is better than the girls', but it is mostly not reliable (p>0.05). An exception is the weight and height indicators of 8th graders; the results of the 6th and 8th grade childrens examination; Heart rate during the first 15 s of the recovery period after exercise (P₂) of childrens in grades 7-8; Heart rate during the last 15 s of the first minute of recovery (P₃) of 7th graders and lifting of the torso to the seat of 6th graders, between which differences by gender are reliable (р˂0.05‒0.001).

Physical education as a factor in the healthcare of students in distance learning. The article considers the issue of physical education of students in the conditions of distance learning, which is due to the introduction of quarantine measures caused by

It is believed that the task of physical education in the new realities of distance education is the need to ensure students understand the threats of lack of physical activity, as well as help by all possible means to compensate for its lack in the daily routine. The question of ways to ensure the effectiveness of physical education of students in distance learning has been studied. It is determined that the purpose of physical education in distance learning is to form an idea of using all possible forms of physical education, adapted to today's realities to ensure compliance with the regime of physical activity, as much as possible with quarantine security measures. It is established that the organization of effective distance learning, and adaptation of the educational process of physical education to the requirements of today is to ensure physical development by increasing the physical activity of student youth. The leading task of physical education in distance learning is defined as the opportunity to demonstrate that by staying at home you can stay active, lead a healthy lifestyle, engage in physical self-development, and understand that there is no quarantine for physical activity. It was found that the content of physical education in distance learning should be formed to ensure the strengthening of healthcare and hardening of the body of students. The pedagogical conditions which promote maintenance of efficiency of physical training of students in the conditions of distance learning are allocated. Such conditions are presented as a result of purposeful selection, construction, and application of elements of content, methods (techniques), as well as organizational forms of physical education to achieve a certain goal, motivation, and incentive for effective healthcare of students. As a result, it was determined that distance learning requires radical changes and modernization of approaches to the organization of physical education of students to ensure the effectiveness of its goals.

Distance Learning of Physical Education as a Component of the System of Modern Education within the Framework of the "New Ukrainian School" Reform

The deals with the features of the formation of key competencies of the educational reform "New Ukrainian School" in the process of distance learning of physical culture. The ways of realization of each key competence during the lesson of physical training and other forms of physical education are described. The attention is focused on educational resources, with the help of which it is possible to introduce any competence into the practice of secondary education institutions at the present stage. Distance learning in the modern sense has been formed relatively recently and, therefore, it focuses on the advanced methodological experience accumulated by various educational institutions of the world space, on the use of the latest and operational pedagogical technologies to meet demands of modern education and social security. Certainly, the definition of ‘distance learning’ is characterized by a pluralism of definitions, which indicates a wide range of approaches to its interpretation.

Research on Effective Strategies of College Physical Education Interactive Teaching Based on Machine Learning.

To master physical education courses, you must master a complete set of skills and knowledge. Most teachers still adopt traditional teaching forms, teacher centered, which has a negative impact on students. Because learners only passively participate in activities, it reduces students' enthusiasm and focus to master skills. This study is aimed at comparing and contrasting the differences between modern interactive learning and traditional teaching strategies. We collect qualitative and quantitative results about the impact of these studies on students' communication skills and understanding of relevant topics. The form of the noninteractive learning strategies explored in this study is the teaching system. This is a commonly used method and is still used in some institutions. Its limitations have led to the modernization of the education sector, especially in sports. This modernization brings about other forms of physical education, being student centered and more interactive. This form of interaction promotes the connection between teachers and students and promotes the transmission of feedback and the continuous improvement and novelty of activity forms. The interactive approach used in this study is the brainstorming method. Research has found it to generate constructive ideas and ideas. The specific process includes case study and Q & A, which is intuitive and clear, and can enhance the comprehensive understanding of the theme. The modernization of physical education curriculum brings many benefits; some of which will be listed in this paper. This study is aimed at promoting more display of students' personality in modern physical education teaching with clear research conclusions. Let the students in the training interact with teachers and interact with the group, in the interaction to play their own greater initiative, enthusiasm. Let the relationship between students and teachers be more harmonious, and let the students' physical quality get better development.

Physical education of children and youth as a topical topic of research of teachers in Austria- Hungary (second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth century)

Analyzed the source base of research on the coverage of physical education of children and youth in the press of Bukovina ). According to the criteria for selecting sources (temporal; problem-thematic direction; type of publication), they are divided into three groups: 1) publications in Ukrainian newspapers and magazines (journals) and their supplements of the study period; 2) archival documents; 3) sources of scientific and theoretical nature, which are devoted to the problems of coverage of physical education and health aspects of the younger generation of the region, the formation of sanitary and hygienic skills in youth. The author singled out and analyzed a set of materials of various nature, origin and content, including publications of Austro-Hungarian teachers on various aspects of physical education of children and youth. The fact of active discussion, and thus the dissemination of the relationship between the experience of hygiene and physical education (J. Humer), highlighting the already relevant issues of the danger of overload and the formation of understanding of the importance of physical activity, games and sports. The shortcomings of the then educational process, according to researchers, were the lack of planning of such forms of physical education as active walks and excursions; spontaneity of choice of routes, places to visit.

ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF JUDO CLASSES

The article analyzes the features of the organization of physical culture and sports activities of student youth during judo classes. The state of physical culture and sports activities in the conditions of distance learning during the coronary virus pandemic is revealed. It is determined that judo classes are the most popular among students, which significantly increases their level of motivation to exercise. It was found that the optimization of physical culture and sports has a positive effect on improving the mental and physical condition and health of those involved. It is established that the need to organize physical culture and sports activities of students in the process of judo is due not only to the demands and rights of students, age, developmental conditions, constantly changing, but also the social order of society to form a healthy generation.
 However, the development of these innovative processes is constrained due to insufficient software and methodological support for new forms of physical education, as existing sports training programs for children and adolescents are focused on the preparation of sports reserves and are not designed for mass use in secondary school.
 However, the development of these innovative processes is constrained due to insufficient software and methodological support for new forms of physical education, as existing sports training programs for children and adolescents are focused on the preparation of sports reserves and are not designed for mass use in secondary school.

Organization of the educational process of physical education during quarantine: problems and prospects

The article substantiates the organization of the educational process of physical education of students of higher education institutions in the conditions of quarantine restrictions. The need for urgent adaptation of the process of physical education to the new challenges that accompany the "quarantine" training, requires solving the problems of pedagogical, methodological and organizational content of the educational process of higher education. The purpose of the study is to identify the main aspects of the organization of the educational process of physical education of students by means of remote technologies. The research is based on the use of a set of general scientific theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization. The views of researchers on this issue, set out in the latest scientific literature. The didactic potential of distance learning technologies in the formation of information educational environment of physical education of students is determined. It is established that the transition from traditionally used to multidimensional distance learning expands the use of vector information technology, opens new prospects for the development of physical education of students in higher education. The factors of organization of the educational process in the conditions of distance learning are singled out and ranked. The influence of the latter is multi-vector, which necessitates timely detection and prompt response to them to avoid them if possible. Among the advantages of organizing the educational process of physical education of students by means of distance technologies: the possibility of using leading educational technologies; increasing the efficiency of the educational process by intensifying the process of cognition and interpersonal interactive communication; development of a conscious and motivated approach to classes; the possibility of diversifying the educational process; increasing the efficiency of students' independent work; realization of the educational function of physical culture; development of the need for self-education through the mobility of knowledge and ideas; expanding and updating the role of the teacher, who must coordinate the process of physical development and improvement of students. It is proved that the introduction of new pedagogical technologies of distance learning will change the paradigm of physical education and creates the conditions for the most effective implementation of the opportunities inherent in such forms of physical education.

"Hang the Flesh off the Bones": Cultivating an "Ideal Body" in Taijiquan and Neigong.

In a globalized, media-driven society, people are being exposed to different cultural and philosophical ideas. In Europe, the School of Internal Arts (pseudonym) follows key principles of the ancient Chinese text The Yijinjing (The Muscle-Tendon Change Classic) “Skeleton up, flesh down”, in its online and offline pedagogy. This article draws on an ongoing ethnographic, netnographic and cross-cultural investigation of the transmission of knowledge in this atypical association that combines Taijiquan with a range of practices such as Qigong, body loosening exercises and meditation. Exploring the ideal body cultivated by the students, we describe and illustrate key (and often overlooked) body areas—namely the spine, scapula, Kua and feet, which are continually worked on in the School of Internal Arts’ exercise-based pedagogy. We argue that Neigong and Taijiquan, rather than being forms of physical education, are vehicles for adult physical re-education. This re-education offers space in which mind-body tension built over the life course are systematically released through specific forms of attentive, meditative exercise to lay the foundations for a strong, powerful body for martial artistry and health.

Corrective influence on the state of psychophysiological functions of students in physical education by by technologies of distance learning

The article substantiates the organizational and methodological support of physical education classes for students of higher education institutions by means of distance technologies aimed at the development of their physical activity in the school day. The article determines the didactic potential of such technologies in creating an experimental program of physical education of students. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of psychophysiological functions of attention of students of the main medical groups under the influence of the experimental program of physical education by means of remote technologies. Research methods: general scientific methods of theoretical level: analysis and synthesis, and methods of obtaining empirical data: pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The state of psychophysiological functions of attention of students of the basic medical groups in the course of practical introduction of the experimental program is empirically analyzed. Distinctive features of such a program are the gradual development of motor activity and differentiation on each means, methods of teaching; direction of physical activity; dosing of loads for each lesson; types and content of control, self-control. The program provided for the introduction of traditional and non-traditional forms of physical education and innovative modern means of physical activity. The use of the developed experimental program of physical education of students by means of remote technologies provided significantly (p from <0.05 to <0.001) higher result than obtained after using the traditional approach to the organization of physical education. Experimental verification showed the high efficiency of the proposed program for its implementation. at the end of the experimental verification of the proposed innovations, the students of the experimental group achieve significantly higher values in all studied indicators, compared with the students of the control group. Thus, the dynamics of mental capacity and cognitive functions during the course of classes in general demonstrated the advantage of students of the experimental group over the control in the development of psychophysiological functions. It is proved that rationally organized classes according to the experimental program of physical education in the conditions of distance learning allow to realize the educational process without negative consequences for the state of psychophysiological functions of students, but also contribute to the improvement of their condition.

ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF YOUTH IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

The modern progressive system of physical education should take into account the features of different regions of our country. The importance of the problems of taking into account the features of the Western region of Ukraine in physical education of youth is associated with the influence of mentality and collective nature, environment, living conditions on subjective values and attitudes, indicators of physical condition of school pupils and students. The purpose of the article is to mark features of development of Western Ukrainian youth, to justify the need to take into account these features in the process of physical education of school pupils and students, and to mark some specific aspects of such youth education. Research method used: scientific literature analysis, observation. The author identified that different environmental conditions cause certain features of functional state, physical development and physical readiness of school pupils and students of the Western region ofUkraine, serving as important criteria for the development and implementation of appropriate areas, methods and forms of physical education. In the process of physical education of youth from Western Ukraine, judging by the features of the functional state and physical readiness, it is necessary to actively use aerobic exercises. The emphasis in lessons with school pupils and students should be on the development of general endurance, strength and agility. In the physical education of children and youth more attention should be paid, in addition to the development of general endurance and other physical qualities (except flexibility), to the development of strength. The author recommends to use athletic means of physical education to a lesser extent and mainly with youth living in cities, while focusing on the means of athletic gymnastics. Iodine deficiency in mountainous areas necessitates the use of short-term physical activity of a cyclical nature (swimming, running), which causes the mobilization and redistribution of total iodine, as well as medium-intensity athletic gymnastics in the mode of increasing muscle mass and moving games.

The development of students' motor activity in extracurricular forms of physical education classes

The paper is devoted to the development of students' physical activity by means of physical education during their studies in institutions of higher education is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the objective need to increase the effectiveness of physical education at all its levels in accordance with modern social development as a significant factor in optimizing students' motor activity and maintaining their health. The purpose of the work is to identify and determine the directions of increasing the level of physical activity of students in physical education lessons in extracurricular forms of physical education. Research methods: theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison of different views on the problem under study, generalization of scientific and methodological and specialized literature. Determination of the structure of movement activity of students in the mode of the school day, that in the structure of physical activity walking predominates, which accounts for 55-60% of the time in the weekly physical activity it is established. Second place is occupied by classes in sports sections, third place is occupied by physical education in the network of student educational schedule.Organizational support of extracurricular physical education classes aimed at the development of students' motor activity during training has been defined and scientifically substantiated. As a result, these include: the individualization of the means and methods of physical activity, the formation of knowledge in the development of motor activity, ensuring the widespread use of information means, the choice of adequate means and methodical methods of transferring educational information, the implementation of control over the results.

ІННОВАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ В АСПЕКТІ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ

У статті досліджено питання потенціал трансформації фізичного виховання студентів в аспекті здоров’язбереження як одного з провідних напрямів розвитку системи фізичного виховання у закладах вищої освіти. Встановлено, що необхідність інноваційних нововведень визначає потребу докорінної зміни усього процесу фізичного виховання студентів, що зумовлено реорганізацією системи освіти України відповідно до європейських стандартів. Нова модернізаційна стратегія, як пріоритет реформування освітньої галузі, передбачає істотні зміни в педагогічній теорії та практиці фізичного виховання. Визначено, що збереження та зміцнення здоров’я студентської молоді під час навчання, поряд із забезпеченням належного рівня їхньої психофізичної готовності до професійної діяльності, – провідні завдання фізичного виховання у закладах вищої освіти. Наведено основні аспекти впровадження модернізаційних заходів у системі фізичного виховання студентів задля їхнього здоров’язбереження. За результатами наукової розвідки виокремлено: інтерактивні технології фізичного виховання, оптимізація, особистісно зорієнтований підхід, пріоритетне використання індивідуалізації та диференціації у заняттях, індивідуального вибору видів фізичної активності в усіх можливих формах фізичного виховання із залученням активної участі студентів та органічний синтез їхніх елементів. Установлено, що трансформації системи фізичного виховання через якісні зміни призводять до підвищення ефективності цього процесу, до здобуття кількісно і якісно нових результатів у цілому в аспекті здоров’язбереження студентів закладів вищої освіти. Визначено, що практична реалізація окреслених положень сприятиме вирішенню проблематики здоров’язбереження студентської молоді як стратегічно важливого напряму освітньої політики нового українського суспільства.

РОЗВИТОК ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ З ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ У ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНІХ ШКОЛАХ

The article analyzes the direction of work of each school as improving the quality of education through the use of innovative technologies at lessons and during extracurricular activities. Therefore, a modern educator must have a thorough knowledge of these technologies and apply them successfully into their lessons. The teacher, using modern technologies, can improve not only physical qualities, but also develop the creative potential of students.Physical education is a part of general education and is therefore characterized by all the common features inherent in a pedagogical process aimed at solving clear real-world problems. The main focus of physical education is the formation of a healthy, mentally prepared, physically advanced and prepared for the future profession of man. High mental load at school, lack of additional motor activity, low mobility of life, poor diet, negatively affects the health of students, the majority of schoolchildren’s eyesight deteriorates, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, metabolism is impaired, the body’s resistance to disease is reduced, which causes their health to deteriorate.In order to promote the children’s health you need to engage the students with a strong interest into exercise at school and at home. First, you need to use all forms of physical education at school, as well as independent exercise at home to improve physical activity, promote health, and improve the physical fitness of students. Physical education of the students on their own is the moral and volitional qualities of the individual, the need for daily exercise, vital motor actions and ability to perform them in various conditions, improved motor qualities. But because of the lack of time allocated to physical education, these issues cannot be resolved by the school alone.

Scientific and methodological substantiation of forms of physical education in the educational process of educational institutions

Scientific and methodological substantiation of forms of physical education in the educational process of educational institutions

PROGRAMS FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The results of a comparative analysis of physical education curricula for general educational institutions in countries of America, Europe and East Asia are offered. The examples of conceptual differences in the curricula of different countries on a civilizational basis are shown. Main curricula component features in different countries and its tendentiousness are defined. The goals and objectives of physical education for young students are formed, either at the state or regional levels, with different strategies from “satisfaction-effect” to “sportsmanship”. There is a tendency towards a reorientation of the educational process from achieving age-old standards of callisthenics to the result of personal and social development. The variety of facilities that were offered to pupils in secondary schools in different countries has been identified: classical and non-traditional; recreational, developmental, entertaining, cultural-educational and military-applied. The influence of historical, traditional, national and geographical factors on the didactic content of the curricula is shown.The meaningful component of physical education curricula of all countries is theoretical material and swimming. Diversity in the organizational support of the curricula was defined by comparing: the mandatory of the subject “Physical Education”, the weekly number of physical exercises, the role of the physical education teacher in determining the didactic content of the curricula, the forms of physical education for pupils in different countries. It is recognized that sports competitions in many countries are the main part of training programs. The peculiarities of evaluating the performance of students in the physical education process in different countries and the tendency of transformation varieties and criteria assessment are clarified. By examples of selected countries organizational and methodological peculiarities of physical education exams for students are shown, which proves the prestige of the subject and the healthy way of life of their citizens.