Subject Formation Research Articles

Entre o homo oeconomicus e o homo criminalis: neoliberalismo, punição e regimes de subjetivação

O artigo trata dos processos de subjetivação neoliberal na seara da punição e criminalização. Reconstruímos, primeiramente, o argumento de M. Foucault referente às mutações promovidas pelo neoliberalismo no âmbito da punição e de sua modalidade de subjetivação correlata. Argumentamos que seu prognóstico a respeito do destino das instituições normalizadoras, como a prisão, mostrou-se, em parte, historicamente equivocado. Passamos, então, a explorar o argumento central do artigo, a saber, que, nas últimas três décadas, as tecnologias políticas e as formas de subjetivação na esfera da punição foram marcadas por um apoio recíproco entre mecanismos neoliberais e outros disciplinares e soberanos. Para tal, realizamos uma discussão teórico-analítica amparada em exemplos empíricos colhidos de polícias e tribunais de países como Estados Unidos e Brasil. Visamos a contribuir, a partir da sociologia da punição, com a discussão contemporânea a respeito da confluência entre neoliberalismo e autoritarismo.

Parental views on preventing and minimizing negative effects of cyberbullying

Research suggests that victims and perpetrators of cyberbullying are at risk for several psychological problems, including depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. While cyberbullying among youth most often occurs at home, little research exists on the role of parental involvement in prevention and intervention strategies. The goals of the current study were to (1) identify effective protective strategies that parents use to help youth avoid cyberbullying involvement and (2) identify strategies parents use to build youth’s coping capacity when cyberbullying involvement does occur. Researchers conducted seven focus groups, each consisting of two to five participants. Participants were 26 parents (88% female, 69% White) with at least one child in fourth through sixth grade. Results revealed three major conceptual themes: communication, monitoring, and professional resources. Two subthemes of communication emerged: promoting perspective (i.e., helping victims understand how a bully may feel or helping perpetrators understand how their actions affect others) and empowerment (i.e., building confidence in youth to buffer negative effects of cyberbullying on self-esteem). Two subthemes of monitoring emerged: active monitoring (e.g., co-use and discussion of media use) and restrictive monitoring (e.g., limitations and technology control). Findings reinforce the importance of parent involvement in cyberbullying prevention efforts and inform future prevention and intervention program development.

Smart Products: Conceptual Review, Synthesis, and Research Directions*

Smart products have received increasing attention from researchers and practitioners alike. One limitation of the existing literature, however, is that the term is often used as a blanket term and that there is no consensus on what a smart product actually is. Because different studies rely on differing conceptualizations, the current body of knowledge is scattered and lacks a uniform language and conceptual boundaries. Specifically, existing research has subsumed inherently different products under one collective term, has relied on a multitude of ad hoc criteria to define smart products or has conflated smart products with the services they render and/or the wider ecosystem, in which they operate. These developments limit the systematic advancement of the field and impede the integration of the smart product concept into related concepts such as the Internet of Things. To address these issues, this article provides an extensive analysis of the status quo of the field, with the goal of developing a common language and comprehensive conceptualization of smart products. First, existing studies on smart products were systematically reviewed across contributing disciplines and supplemented with a bibliometric analysis that allowed for a deeper understanding of the smart product concept within and across disciplines. This analysis revealed an initial set of 16 capability‐based criteria that are currently applied to conceptualize smart products. Second, based on a systematic coding procedure, these criteria were synthesized and organized within a comprehensive framework delineating four distinct product archetypes for the digital age: (1) Digital, (2) Connected, (3) Responsive, and (4) Intelligent. Third, three major conceptual themes that arise from this framework are identified and possibilities for future research are pointed out. In sum, this work contributes to the literature by improving the understanding of smart products as an epistemic object and by laying the ground for more cumulative research endeavors.

Do qualificar ao empreender: políticas de trabalho para jovens no Brasil

RESUMO O artigo aborda a trajetória das políticas e propostas que, nos últimos trinta anos, enfrentaram a especificidade da relação dos jovens com o trabalho no Brasil, tanto no que diz respeito às principais propostas de governo (especificamente, do governo federal e do governo municipal na cidade de São Paulo) quanto aquelas das fundações empresariais. Desde a ênfase sobre a qualificação profissional no início dos anos 1990, até a difusão recente da agenda do empreendedorismo, as mudanças acompanharam as transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho, no contexto de afirmação do “novo espírito do capitalismo”. O enfraquecimento das garantias trabalhistas, a responsabilização do trabalhador, a ênfase sobre a assunção de riscos, a fragmentação e individualização são elementos centrais de novas formas de subjetivação que atingem, especificamente no caso brasileiro, os jovens pobres.

The problem of subjectivation in Cynicism

This article presents the analysis of the philosophy of the Cynics, dedicated to pursuit and conceptualization of the ideas of subjectivation. The concept of subjectivation, which can be found in the works of M. Foucault, still does not have a systemic and conceptual framework. One of the gaps determines in the works of French scholar is the disparate use philosophical ideas of the Cynics. An attempt is made to interpret the ideas of this philosophical trend for extracting the comprehensive model of subjectivation and outline the key techniques of “care of the self”. The article employs the translated sources, in the form of separate fragments written by the Cynics, as well as a number of analytical works carried out by Russian and foreign researchers. Alongside the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction, the work applies the comparative and analytical approach. The novelty consists in the attempt to describe the general ideas of the Cynics in the sphere of ethics and formulate the Cynic model of subjectivation for filling the existing gaps in corresponding writings of M. Foucault. Special attention is given to the following aspects: 1) identification of fundamental principles underlying the worldview of the Cynics; 2) formulation of subjectivation techniques that allow building the “selfhood”; 3) comparison and tracing the Cynic ideas borrowed by Platonism and Christianity.

Occupational Stability in Turbulent Times

In today’s dynamic work environments, individuals are increasingly required to manage their own career trajectories. Also in careers that appear stable for the outside observer, constant adjustment takes place, where the fit between the person and their work environment is repetitively (re-)established. Prior research on career management and person-environment fit mostly focused on jobs and organizations, missing the role of occupations as important points of orientation. Person-occupation fit is usually explored in the context of occupational choice but how employees manage to (re-)establish this fit over time has not yet been addressed. Hence, little is known about the process of occupational stability maintenance. This study addresses this gap and explores how occupational stability is maintained through the continuous adjustment of individual needs and environmental requirements. Understanding occupational stability as a process calls for a qualitative research design. Therefore, 32 semi-structured interviews with employees from different vocational backgrounds were conducted. Qualitative content analysis inductively revealed eight major categories underlying the process of occupational stability maintenance, condensed into the three overarching conceptual themes: growth, meaning, and balance. We discuss these themes using job crafting and work role adaptation as theoretical lenses, thereby showing the relevance of these concepts not only for understanding behavior related to one's job, but also to one's occupation.

The role of disciplinary perspectives in an epistemology of scientific models

The purpose of this article is to develop an epistemology of scientific models in scientific research practices, and to show that disciplinary perspectives have crucial role in such an epistemology. A transcendental (Kantian) approach is taken, aimed at explanations of the kinds of questions relevant to the intended epistemology, such as “How is it possible that models provide knowledge about aspects of reality?” The approach is also pragmatic in the sense that the questions and explanations must be adequate and relevant to concrete scientific practice. First it is explained why the idea of models as representations in terms of similarity or isomorphism between a model and its target is too limited as a basis for this epistemology. An important finding is that the target-phenomenon is usually not something that can be observed in a straightforward manner, but requires both characterization in terms of measurable variables and subsumption under (scientific) concepts. The loss of this basis leads to a number of issues, such as: how can models be interpreted as representations if models also include conceptually meaningful linguistic content; how can researchers identify non-observable real-world target-phenomena that are then represented in the model; how do models enable inferential reasoning in performing epistemic tasks by researchers; and, how to justify scientific models. My proposal is to deal with these issues by analyzing how models are constructed, rather than by looking at ready-made models. Based on this analysis, I claim that the identification of phenomena and the construction of scientific models is guided and also confined by the disciplinary perspective within which researchers in a scientific discipline have learned to work. I propose a Kuhnian framework by which the disciplinary perspective can be systematically articulated. Finally, I argue that harmful forms of subjectivism, due to the loss of the belief that models objectively represent aspects of reality, can be overcome by making the disciplinary perspective(s) in a research project explicit, thereby enabling its critical assessment, for which the proposed Kuhnian framework provides a tool.

A Divergent Research Agenda: Academic and Professional Publications on Science, Technology and Innovation Parks

This research analyzes the evolution of the publications from academic researchers and technical publications carried out by professionals of the Science, Technology, and Innovation Parks (stips). The objective is to compare the research agenda from the two groups, increasing the comprehension of who they are and what they are researching. The method uses bibliometric techniques. The research found that the academic authors dealt with conceptual themes, while managers emphasized operations issues. Also, it was identified the growth in the academic interest on the subject (after 2015); the limited number of academic publications (177 in 12 years); China, Taiwan, and Spain as the countries with the highest academic output (40%); Spain, Brazil, and the usa concentrates 35% of technical publications. The work has implications for the academy (new topics for research agenda), and to the parks and policymakers enables a perception of the parks’ relevance to the economic development.

SCORES IN BLOOM: SOME RECENT ORALLY TRANSMITTED EXPERIMENTAL MUSIC

AbstractA small group of composers and performers are collaborating orally/aurally on the creation of experimental music that eschews written scores (‘living scores’). By charting the overlaps between working methods and relationships – both social and musical – this article endeavours to shed light on how these practices rub against standard modes of documentation, transmission, scholarship and performance. The article begins by mapping out of the orally transmitted collaborative practices of four composers – Cassandra Miller, Pascale Criton, Éliane Radigue and me – as documented through interviews with prominent performer-collaborators such as Deborah Walker, Silvia Tarozzi, Juliet Fraser and Cat Hope. A guiding metaphor frames these practices as gardens and highlights shared thematic concepts such as extended time, hospitality, note-taking and responsibility.

Resilient Peace: Exploring the Theory and Practice of Resilience in Peacebuilding Interventions

ABSTRACTThis introduction provides a conceptual and theoretical background to the more detailed analyses contained in the articles of the Special Section. The introduction firstly presents a critical overview of the rise of resilience and its increasing role in shaping the terms of international interventions. It identifies a set of interrelated conceptual themes relevant to theorising the relationship between resilience and peacebuilding and evaluates how appropriate a resilience approach might be in promoting sustainable peace and what might be its main dangers and pitfalls.

A língua que “une” é a mesma que divide

Tomando o aporte teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso francesa (AD), o objetivo deste artigo é observar como, ao se colocarem enquanto falantes da língua Portuguesa, um grupo de catadores de materiais recicláveis de Cruz Alta- RS se relaciona com a língua. Acredita-se que, ao tratarem acerca das suas relações com a língua, eles também estarão discusivizando sobre sua identidade e, isso, permitirá uma reflexão sobre suas formas de subjetivação. De maneira geral, as sequências discursivas analisadas vieram ratificar a ideia de que a língua atua como um divisor que hierarquiza os falantes, numa conjuntura em que os desaparelhados linguisticamente são fadados a processos de discriminação e a posições marginalizadas na sociedade.

Teaching diversity, cultural competency, and globalization to American public affairs students: Integrating comparative approaches to public administration and policy

Diversity, cultural competency, and global awareness are three broad and mutually reinforcing conceptual themes in the literature of American public affairs education that are rarely implicitly interconnected. A primary challenge has concerned how to teach these themes, either separately or in unison, when designing courses and curricula to satisfy professional standards. This article first explores how broad conceptual themes can be practically transformed into course learning objectives on which assignments may be based. Second, this article explores how comparative public administration and policy may be utilized as a venue for drawing analytical connections across the three themes to promote higher levels of critical thinking. Although comparative approaches have historically been grounded in research-focused studies, pedagogical development of the field holds significant promise in training public administrators to better understand the intricacies of different cultures, nations, governments, and policies as a facet of learning and job performance. This article illustrates several assignment examples of how comparative analysis may be integrated as a pedagogical strategy in teaching American public affairs students the complexities of public service in the diverse and multicultural world of the 21st century.

O cristianismo e suas formas de veridicção: ressonâncias foucaultianas

The introduction of christianity as an object of analysis in the work of Michel Foucault marks a new moment in his intelectual course, Where the author commits hinself to the project of a geneology of ethic and forms of subjectivation in the West. The objetive of this paper consists in pointing to the importance os christianity in the formulations that Foucault made startings in the 1970’s, specially on what concerns to his studies on ethic, truth and subjectivity. For that, we analyzed the development of this the me in the intelectual’s work, specially the courses ministraded by Foucault in College de France. Another central point to the discussion were the concepts os exomologesis and exagoreusis, forms of penitence in christianity which points to a shift in how regimes of truth function in the West. The shift in paying penitence as a public performative act to a confession by word can be traced as a point of conection between christian practices and modern subjectivity, in that of which concers to the Productions of forms of interpretation and relation of the subject with itself based on confessional dispositives. Finally we searched, based on foucaultian thought, to make a paralel between the christian penitential dispositive of exagoreusis and different power-knowledge relations of modernity (such as law, psychiatry and psychology) that utilize the confessional alegory as a disciplinary practice and Productions of subjectivity and truth.

Challenges to student transition through a United Kingdom graduate-entry medicine degree programme

Background: The transition experience of graduate-entry medicine degree programme students is less well understood as compared to those from undergraduate-entry medicine degree programmes. Aim: This thematic analysis study aimed to explore the transition experience of graduate-entry medicine degree programme students at a United Kingdom medical school. Methods: Twenty-one student volunteers from the University of Warwick 4-year graduate-entry medicine degree programme took part in this study with fourteen participants attended a further follow-up interview. Audio recordings of their semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Results revealed three key transition periods within the University of Warwick Medical School’s graduate-entry medicine degree programme. Learning, professional identity development and managing coping strategies were the three key challenging issues dominating their transition experience. Medical students encountered a range of challenging issues throughout their medical school journey that could be categorised under three conceptual themes: challenges associated with the curriculum, challenges associated with their social role and generic life challenges. Conclusions: The findings from this study could be useful to educators and medical schools in enhancing their student support services. It could also be useful to prospective and existing medical students in understanding the realities of undertaking a graduate-entry medicine degree programme.

THE INTEGRATION OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTE OF INDUSTRIAL AREA AND LURIK TOURISM FOR PRODUCTION AND SALES OPTIMIZATION

The development of industrial and tourism areas brings the consequences of the arrangement of transportation routes. As an industrial area as well as lurik tourism, Klaten District becomes the research location with the aim to know the mapping of access and integration of industrial transportation and lurik tourism route in order to optimize production and sales. The method employed in this research was digital mapping through GIS, and super impos analysis of mapping results to get integrated integration. The results reveal that transportation routes naturally form a pattern of industrial circulation with the orientation of efficiency and independence of distribution and sales of lurik products. Meanwhile the pattern of tourism circulation is formed with the orientation of interconnection between industry and tourism support facilities. The established integration can be optimized through the implementation of thematic tourism concepts by integrating smoothness, security, and easy access point between industries and lurik tourism.

Remembering Jonestown through the camp and the postcolony: A multidirectional reading of Fred D’Aguiar’s Children of Paradise

ABSTRACT This article explores the contribution of Fred D’Aguiar’s 2014 novel Children of Paradise to the conflicted memorialization of the 1978 Jonestown tragedy, where over 900 American citizens lost their lives in the Amazonian interior of Guyana. It argues that in his fictional revisitation of the massacre, D’Aguiar explores Jonestown as a multidirectional site of memory. By placing the tragedy in a historical and conceptual continuum that encompasses different forms of subjugation, including colonialism and its legacy in the post-independence Caribbean, but also totalitarianism and Nazi rule, the author gives Jonestown a global resonance that enlarges its significance, challenges understandings of it as a historical anomaly and enhances the humanity of its victims, revealing linkages between seemingly disparate developments and memories. The discussion draws on the theoretical insights provided by Michael Rothberg, Giorgio Agamben and Achille Mbembe, among others.

Gifted students’ perceptions about intelligence: A metaphor study

The purpose of this study is to investigate gifted students’ perceptions about intelligence. The study was conducted with a total of 103 students, 38 females and 65 males, attending a science and art center in Ankara. The data were collected through metaphors from the gifted students. The students were given a form prepared by the researchers, and they were asked to complete the form including the expression “Intelligence is like……. because……….”. As a result of the study, 68 valid metaphors related to the concept of intelligence were obtained. The metaphors produced were grouped under eight conceptual themes: “Changeable and Incremental, Tool functioning, Can be used for good or evil, Valuable, Associated with strong memory, Can be different from person to person, Unlimited, To be discovered” in terms of their common characteristics. As a result of the study, it is concluded that gifted students perceive intelligence at most as “money” and “galaxy” and generally have the perception of incremental intelligence.

Structural Competency: Curriculum for Medical Students, Residents, and Interprofessional Teams on the Structural Factors That Produce Health Disparities.

Research on disparities in health and health care has demonstrated that social, economic, and political factors are key drivers of poor health outcomes. Yet the role of such structural forces on health and health care has been incorporated unevenly into medical training. The framework of structural competency offers a paradigm for training health professionals to recognize and respond to the impact of upstream, structural factors on patient health and health care. We report on a brief, interprofessional structural competency curriculum implemented in 32 distinct instances between 2015 and 2017 throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. In consultation with medical and interprofessional education experts, we developed open-ended, written-response surveys to qualitatively evaluate this curriculum's impact on participants. Qualitative data from 15 iterations were analyzed via directed thematic analysis, coding language, and concepts to identify key themes. Three core themes emerged from analysis of participants' comments. First, participants valued the curriculum's focus on the application of the structural competency framework in real-world clinical, community, and policy contexts. Second, participants with clinical experience (residents, fellows, and faculty) reported that the curriculum helped them reframe how they thought about patients. Third, participants reported feeling reconnected to their original motivations for entering the health professions. This structural competency curriculum fills a gap in health professional education by equipping learners to understand and respond to the role that social, economic, and political structural factors play in patient and community health.

An introduction to phylosymbiosis.

Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of a new, cross-system trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as 'microbial community relationships that recapitulate the phylogeny of their host', we review the relevant literature and data in the last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods and regular patterns observed in analyses. Quantitative support for phylosymbiosis is provided by statistical methods evaluating higher microbiome variation between host species than within host species, topological similarities between the host phylogeny and microbiome dendrogram, and a positive association between host genetic relationships and microbiome beta diversity. Significant degrees of phylosymbiosis are prevalent, but not universal, in microbiomes of plants and animals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection shaping phylosymbiosis, microbiome transplant experiments demonstrate reduced host performance and/or fitness upon host-microbiome mismatches. Hybridization can also disrupt phylosymbiotic microbiomes and cause hybrid pathologies. The pervasiveness of phylosymbiosis carries several important implications for advancing knowledge of eco-evolutionary processes that impact host-microbiome interactions and future applications of precision microbiology. Important future steps will be to examine phylosymbiosis beyond bacterial communities, apply evolutionary modelling for an increasingly sophisticated understanding of phylosymbiosis, and unravel the host and microbial mechanisms that contribute to the pattern. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual and quantitative themes of phylosymbiosis and outlines opportunities ripe for investigation from a diversity of disciplines.

#10yearschallenge: how co-creation permeated tourism research. A bibliometric analysis

This paper focuses on the conceptual ties between co-creation and tourism that can be found in the academic literature on tourism of the last 10 years with a two-fold purpose: to analyze the main conceptual themes that link co-creation and tourism, and to identify fruitful future research streams.A bibliometric analysis of the literature from 2008 to 2018 allowed for a systematic analysis of links between key constructs. Findings suggest that there are significant opportunities to further explore the connections between cocreation and tourism experience, considered as a multi-actor process based on engagement leading to innovation, and enabling new tourist experiences. Five perspectives on tourism experience emerged from the analysis: firminspired, technology-based, and cultural-based experience; customer satisfaction and participation, and innovation-based experience. These suggest several potential research streams as tourism experiences are recognized to be dynamically co-created through a participatory and engaging process by multiple actors using innovative and technology-based value propositions. Three conceptual pillars emerge from the theoretical analysis: co-creation, as the engine of the process; tourist experience, as the outcome of the co-creative process; and technology, as a key tool to co-create satisfactory tourist experiences.