Accumulation Coefficient Research Articles

Diversity and potential of herbaceous plants as mercury (Hg) hyperaccumulators in small-scale gold mining sites in Pancurendang, Banyumas, Indonesia

Abstract. Muryani E, Sajidan, Budiastuti MTS, Pranoto. 2023. Diversity and potential of herbaceous plants as mercury (Hg) hyperaccumulators in small-scale gold mining sites in Pancurendang, Banyumas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3378-3386. Plants resistant to mercury can be used as an alternative to processing gold mining waste with the phytoremediation method. The study aimed to inventory herbaceous plant species in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sites in Pancurendang Village (Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia), measure mercury concentrations in plants and root zones, and analyze the potential of herbaceous plants as mercury (Hg) hyperaccumulators. Herbaceous plants were cataloged by purposive sampling with multiple quadrats of 2m x 2m in 14 locations and then analyzed to obtain density, frequency, dominance, importance value, and diversity index. Biomass and Hg concentrations were measured from selected herbaceous plants and soil samples of the root zone. The Biological Accumulation Coefficient (BAC) was calculated to determine the plants' potential as Hg hyperaccumulators. Plant inventory identified 54 herbaceous plant species belonging to 26 families, with Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius being the dominant species. In the root zones, Hg was found at 11-73 ppm and 7.6-85.36 ppm in 19 species. Ipomea aquatica Forssk. accumulated the highest concentration (85.36 ppm) and absorbed the greatest amount of Hg (5.25 mg). Based on their BACs, the nineteen species were categorized into moderate to high (hyper) accumulators, with Plectranthus sp. having the highest BAC of 4.54.

INTENSITY OF HEAVY METAL AND ARSENIC ACCUMULATION IN MEDICINAL PLANTS OF SYNANTHROPIC FLORA IN VORONEZH REGION

The aim of this study is to examine the peculiarities of the accumulation of the most dangerous heavy metals and arsenic in medicinal plant raw material of the synanthropic flora in the Voronezh region.
 Materials and Methods. The study was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry. The author studied the accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 10 types of medicinal plant raw materials harvested in 51 locations (Voronezh region), which differ in terms of anthropogenic impact.
 Results. The highest level of lead consentration was noted in Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg, and Arctium lappa L. roots, Рolygonum aviculare L. and Plantago major L. leaves. Mercury concentration in all studied samples was rather low. A bit higher mercury concentration was noted in Plantago major L and Urtica dioica L. leaves, and Artemisia absinthium L. High cadmium concentration was found in Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg and Arctium lappa L. roots, Plantago major L. leaves, Artemisia absinthium L. and Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. Arsenic accumulated intensively in Plantago major L. leaves, Arctium lappa L. roots, Artemisia absinthium L. and Achillea millefolium L. Nickel accumulated intensively in Plantago major L. and Urtica dioica L. leaves, Рolygonum aviculare L. and Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. Zinc accumulated mainly in the roots and herbs themselves. Having analyzed the accumulation coefficients of heavy metals and arsenic for all studied medicinal plant raw materials, we organized the heavy metals and arsenic in the decreasing order: zinc > copper > cadmium > cobalt > nickel > arsenic > chromium > lead > mercury.

Monitoring of <sup>37</sup>C, <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>40</sup>Kin Sod-Podzolic Soils and Plants of Reference Sites of the Ivanovo Region

The results of radiation monitoring of sod-podzolic soils of reference agricultural plots of the Ivanovo region, conducted in 2014 and 2021, are presented. Background values of the specific activities of the studied radionuclides in the soils of reference sites have been established. According to the pollution density of the arable horizon of soils 137Cs and 90Sr, the level of the ecological situation was determined, which made it possible to attribute the soils of all reference areas of the region to uncontaminated territories suitable without restrictions for agricultural use. The power of the exposure dose of gamma radiation of soils and the contribution of 40K and 137Cs to the formation of the gamma background of soils were determined. Correlation analysis determined the influence of individual physical and chemical properties of soils on the behavior and distribution of radionuclides in the soil and the relationship between the content of the radionuclides themselves. Based on the values of the specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in plant products grown in 2014 and 2021, rows of cultivated plants with a decreasing ability to accumulate these radionuclides from the soil were constructed. All grown plant products of all types of crops fully met the veterinary standards required to limit the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in plant feeds (green mass, straw and feed grain). The coefficients of accumulation and transition of 137Cs and 90Sr from soil to plants are calculated. The coefficients of linear correlation between the values of the specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in soils and plants revealed the strength and nature of these dependencies.

Plutonium Accumulation by Vegetation on Different Soils

The high variability of the plutonium transfer factors presented in the literature makes it relevant to study the mechanisms that affect its migration ability and its availability for vegetation. The variability of transfer factors is explained by different properties of soils, since the redox potential and soil acidity can significantly affect the mobility of plutonium. In the vegetation experiment, the migration of plutonium in the “soil-agricultural plant” system was studied for different types of soils. The content of 239 + 240Pu was analyzed by alpha spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical isolation. Plutonium migration parameters were determined using barley (Hordeum) and beans (Fabaceae) as test cultures. The plutonium accumulation coefficients obtained in the course of vegetation experiments are in the range of 3.1 × 10–4–6.8 × 10–3, with an average value of 3.8 × 10–3 for the aboveground part of barley and 9.2 × 10–3–7.6 × 10–2, with an average value of 3.8 × 10–2 – for the root system of barley. The transfer factor range was 1.5 × 10–3–5.7 × 10–3 with an average value of 3.7 × 10–3 and 5.8 × 10–2–6.5 × 10–2 with an average value of 6.2 × 10–2 for the aboveground part and the root system of the beans, respectively. It has been determined that the nature of the plutonium distribution over the vegetative organs of the crops under consideration is non-uniform. On average, the plutonium transfer factor for the aboveground part of plants is lower than for the root part by more than 40 times. It has been determined that the accumulation of plutonium in the aboveground parts of plants growing on different types of soil is not the same for individual species/organs of agricultural plants. For the aboveground part of the agricultural crops under consideration, the transfer factors differ up to several orders of magnitude. In general, the accumulation of plutonium by vegetation growing on different soils types is arranged in the following row: soddy-podzolic (Retisol) and gray forest soil (Phaeozem) lowland peat-bog (Histosol) \( \gg \) typical chernozem (Chernozem). The smallest accumulation of plutonium by vegetation is observed in soils with a high content of organic matter. For the root system of plants, the dependence of the plutonium accumulation coefficients on the soil type is uncertain.

Simulating the Dynamics of the Characteristics of Snow Cover Formation Regime in the Russian Federation Territory. 2. Forest Areas of ER in the Historical Period

A procedure for calculating various characteristics of snow cover formation, based on the use of the land surface model SWAP was tested on forest areas of the European Russia for a historical period (1967−2019). The comparison of simulation results with appropriate observation data showed the good quality of reproduction of snow formation processes at these objects. Changes of the climatic values of snow cover formation characteristics in the historical period were analyzed to reveal tendencies in these changes in forest areas in the region. Thus, it was found that, despite the decrease in the duration of snow cover, there is increase in snowpack, in particular, in the maximal snow water equivalent. The difference between the characteristics of snow cover formation in the field and forest areas of European Russia was assessed. The mean values of the snow accumulation coefficient over the forest area relative to the field was found to be greater than 1.0. At the same time, the climatic changes in the historical period lead to a decrease of this characteristic in time.

Тяжёлые металлы в почвах различных функциональных зон урбанизированных территорий: оценка содержания и экологического риска

In order to analyze heavy metal pollution of urbanized soils of the city of Vladimir, the selection and study of soil samples was carried out. Soil samples were analyzed for lead, zinc, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt and chromium. The obtained indicators were compared with the maximum permissible concentrations and background values. The regularities between the proximity of the studied sites to industrial enterprises and the concentration of heavy metals in the soil are established. The coefficients of accumulation of heavy metals in soils have been calculated and metals that are priority pollutants with the highest accumulation coefficient have been identified. By calculating the total accumulation index of heavy metals, the territory of the city is differentiated by the degree of danger. The calculation of such indicators as: the general pollution index PLI, the indicator of potential environmental risk PERI, the Nemerow pollution index (NPI). It has been established that lead, arsenic and zinc are priority pollutants. The use of various calculated parameters of pollution allowed us to reveal a more detailed picture of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the soils of urban landscapes under the influence of a strong anthropogenic load. Despite the differences in the calculation of the indices, a high correlation was found between the values of the total pollution index (Zc), the Nemerow pollution index (NPI) and the potential environmental risk index (PERI). The degree of soil contamination of various functional zones according to the indicator of potential environmental risk and the general pollution index PLI increases in the following series: zones of multi-storey buildings < zones of green spaces < zones of transport infrastructure < zones of low-rise buildings < industrial zones.

Оптимизация производства красноклешневых раков в УЗВ на раковой ферме Алтая

Experimental work has been carried out to optimize the feeding conditions and keeping of red claw crayfish in the conditions of a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) to increase growth during artificial cultivation and to determine design standards. The lack of functional complete feed and methodological approaches to the maintenance of red claw crayfish necessitated developing the effective methods for the practical implementation of feeding technology and minimizing the impact of side factors. The experiment involved 105 species of Cherax quadricarinatus weighing more than 10 g, which were kept in containers with an area of 1.5 m2 and a volume of 0.3 m3, equipped with shelters, with water artificial aeration, filtration and heating. Three options for compound feed formulations are proposed based on the low-calorie compound feed “Coppens Vital”, which was supplemented with vegetable and animal additives (pollock, cereals, gammarus, bloodworm, pumpkin, carrots). With a daily feeding rate making 4-6% of body weight, there was established a feeding regimen 2 times a day. The absolute and average daily growth in three experimental groups of hydrobionts, the average daily growth rate and the mass accumulation coefficient were calculated. As a result, the composition of a complete diet has been optimized, which makes it possible to increase and stabilize the percentage of leaders and the average group in terms of growth. It is noted that the uneven population growth rate requires sorting depending on the mass and planting density while maintaining the composition of the diets. The study of different stocking densities in fish tanks was carried out on the basis of measuring fish-breeding and biological indicators, which complement the general characteristic of the limiting values of RAS operation when keeping objects, which can be used as regulatory documentation for stabilizing economically important features of grown aquaculture objects. The information obtained is opportune and helps avoid technological losses in the production of aquaculture products.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF SOIL MOISTURE ON THE TRANSLOCATION OF Zn AND Cu IN GRAIN OF WINTER CEREALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

The attention of almost the entire world community is focused on the problem of food security. In many countries of the world, the lack of food resources is acutely felt, the main source of which is grain farming. Ukraine is distinguished among other countries by its favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of cereals, it has the appropriate technologies, and qualified workers. Therefore, the production of grain products is one of the main directions of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, which is subject to certain quality requirements. The article examines the influence of the level of soil moisture (precipitation and irrigation) on the content and coefficient of accumulation and danger of Zn and Cu in the grain of winter wheat and winter barley. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of the level of soil moisture (precipitation and irrigation) on the content of the coefficient of accumulation and danger of Zn and Cu in the grain of winter wheat and winter barley in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe. An increase in the coefficient of accumulation of Zn and a decrease in the coefficient of accumulation of Cu in cereal grains contributed to an increase in the concentration of Zn and a decrease in Cu under such conditions, this feature was established both in winter barley of the variety (Luran) and in winter wheat of the variety (Akratos). In particular, at the level of soil irrigation in the period of tillering-earing of winter barley and winter wheat from 256.2 mm to 272.5 mm, the concentration of Zn in the grain of these cereals was 1.07 times higher, and the concentration of Cu was 1.05 times lower in winter barley grain, and in winter wheat grain, the concentration of Zn was 1.14 times higher and 1.15 times lower than the concentration of Cu, respectively, compared to the moisture level of 47.4 mm and 52.3 mm. The coefficient of danger of heavy metals in the grain of winter cereals at the level of soil moisture from 256.2 mm. to 272.5 mm in the tillering-earing period was higher in Zn and lower in Cu compared to the moisture level of 47.4 mm–52.3 mm. An increase in the hazard ratio of Zn by 1.06 times and a decrease in the hazard ratio of Cu by 1.15 times in winter barley grains and an increase by 1.15 and a decrease by 1.16 times in winter wheat grains, respectively. During the artificial moistening of the soil during the growing season in the period of tillering-earing until the grain is milky, an increase in these Zn indicators and a decrease in Cu were observed in both winter barley and winter wheat grains.

INTENSITY OF ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN RADISH AND LETTUCE GROWN IN CLOSED SOILS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

One of the important tasks in vegetable production is the expansion of the range of vegetable crops in open and closed soil, which will ensure a constant supply of fresh vegetable products to consumers throughout the year. Lettuce and radish are among the many green vegetables that play an important role in solving this problem. In this work, the intensity of accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) in lettuce of the Record variety and radish of the Saxony variety in closed and open conditions of dark gray podzolized soil was studied. It was established that the concentration of Pb, Cd, and Zn in seeded lettuce grown under closed soil conditions was 1.5 times, 1.8 and 1.12 times lower, respectively, and in seeded radish by 1.5 times, 1.05 and 1, 23 times compared to similar products grown in open ground conditions. When growing lettuce and radish in closed soil conditions, the accumulation coefficient of Pb, Cd, Zn was lower by 2.0 times and 2.0 times, 1.8 times and 1.6 times, and 1.2 times and 1.2 times, respectively compared to similar products grown in open ground conditions. The coefficient of accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn in lettuce grown in open ground was 2.0, 1.8, 1.12 times higher than that of lettuce grown in closed ground, respectively, and the coefficient of Pb accumulation in radish roots grown in open ground was 2.0 times higher than in the closed one, Cd concentration 1.6 times, Zn 1.2 times, and Cu 1.2 times, respectively. The research results showed that the hazard ratio of Pb in lettuce leaves and radish roots when grown in open ground was 1.5 times higher compared to similar vegetables grown in closed ground, the hazard ratio of Cd and Zn in lettuce leaves and radish roots grown under conditions of open soil was 1.8 and 1.06 times higher, respectively, compared to vegetables grown in closed soil, the hazard ratio of Cu in lettuce that was grown under closed soil conditions was 0.7 times higher compared to that grown in open soil. In radish roots, the risk factor of Cu was 1.5 times higher than in vegetables grown under open soil conditions.

Антиоксидант астаксантин в составе кормов для осетровых рыб

The article highlights the experience of using astaxanthin in sterlet feeding. Studying the influence of astaxanthin on the morphophysiological state of fish helps develop highly effective recipes of compound feeds for valuable objects of aquacultures. This highly intense antioxidant impacts the work of all systems and overall health, but using astaxanthin in feeding has not reffered to the valuable aquaculture facilities. The influence of astaxanthin on the physiological status of sturgeons has not been studied. It was found that in test No. 2 (adding 40 mg of astaxanthin per 1 kg of feed), the highest absolute growth, average daily growth, average daily growth rate and mass accumulation coefficient (p ˂ 0.001) were observed, in contrast to test No. 1 (adding 20 mg of astaxanthin per 1 kg of feed) and the control. Absolute increase in this sample was for certain 2.3 times higher than in the control one. The average daily growth rate in this variant made 1.8%, which is for certain 2 times higher than in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). The data obtained indicate the positive effect of astaxanthin (40 mg/kg) on the fish–breeding and biological indicators of cultivated fish. The indicators of energy metabolism also prove a better accumulation of plastic substances in the fish of the experimental groups (tests No.1 and No.2): hemoglobin in the variants with adding astaxanthin in the feed made 77.4 and 71.3 g/l, which is 17.6 and 8.4% higher than in the fish of the control group. In the experimental variants compared to the control sample the level of total protein was for certain higher by 17.4 and 22.2% (p < 0.05). Thus, it can be said that the antioxidant astaxanthin provided more favorable trophic and biochemical conditions necessary for the normal growth and development of fish.

Study of geochemical features of soils on the territory of an abandoned coal mining area using geoinformation technologies.

The article describes the results of a study of the geochemical features of soils on the territory of an abandoned mining area. The Kizel coal basin (Russia) is of particular interest for studying the consequences of technogenic and post-technogenic transformation of the natural environment. The study of the soil as a deposit medium made it possible to identify geochemical indicators of the negative impact. Such a detailed study of the distribution of chemical elements in this area was conducted for the first time. Geoinformation system and maps with interpolation were created to study the spatial distribution of metals and metalloids in soils. Umbric Retisols Abruptic and Haplic Retisols Abruptic soils are common in the territory. Sampling for geochemical testing was carried out from two horizons: humus and podzolic. Sampling from two depths made it possible to identify elements that continue to be contaminated at the time of the study. A total of 103 sample plots were established in the study area. The results obtained were compared with the background of the natural region of the Western Urals to identify the contribution of technogenesis. As a result, the coefficients of concentration and dispersion of chemical elements were calculated. Due to this, elements were identified, the accumulation of which occurs on the territory of the Kizelovsky coal basin. To identify the current and accumulated pollution, the ratio between the humus and podzolic horizons was calculated. As a result, it was found that at the moment in the humus horizon in some areas there is a high accumulation of Co, Mn, Ni and Sr. The geochemical series of the territory for the humus and podzolic horizons was obtained: Fe > Ti > Mn > Sr > Cr > V > Zn > Ni > Co > Pb > As. Data on the geochemical specificity of the territory of the Kizel coal basin have been obtained. The created geoinformation database reflects the physical and chemical properties of soils, metals and metalloids content, dispersion and accumulation coefficients, coefficients of the ratio of the humus and podzolic horizon. Based on it, it is possible to obtain data on the geochemical features of the territory, geoecological characteristics, spatial distribution of metals and metalloids and identification of pollution sources. Co (24 ± 2.8mg/kg), Mn (1100 ± 155mg/kg), Ni (69 ± 9.3mg/kg), As (10 ± 3.5mg/kg), Cr (178 ± 20mg/kg), Zn (80 ± 7.8mg/kg) and Sr (221 ± 26mg/kg) accumulate in the humus horizon. Co (24 ± 1.8mg/kg), Mn (1000 ± 103mg/kg), Ni (60 ± 6.4mg/kg) and Cr (153 ± 15.2mg/kg) accumulate in the podzolic horizon.

Изучение закономерностей накопления наиболее опасных экотоксикантов в дикорастущем лекарственном растительном сырье различных экотопов Воронежской области

Voronezh region is one of the most important areas of agriculture and crop production. The purpose of the study was to study the patterns of accumulation of the most dangerous heavy metals in wild medicinal plant raw materials of various ecotopes of the Voronezh region. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic was studied, using an example of 10 types of medicinal plant raw materials, which were produced in 51 ecotopes of the Voronezh region. When analyzing the average values of the accumulation coefficients of heavy metals and arsenic by all studied types of medicinal plant raw materials, it is possible to build up a series of decreases in the total average accumulation efficiency of the determined elements for these plants, which is as follows: zinc> copper > cadmium > cobalt > nickel > arsenic > chromium > lead > mercury. When analyzing the values of accumulation coefficients, rows of decreasing efficiency of accumulation of elements in all types of medicinal plant raw materials studied are constructed. A detailed analysis of the characteristics of the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic from soils in medicinal plant raw materials showed the presence of aclose positive relationship between concentrations in soil and plants for most of the determined elements, which indicates the predominant contamination of plant raw materials through the soil.

Метод определения нормативных требований к точности технологических этапов при топографической аэрофотосъемке

Introduction of BIM-modeling methodology and geoinformation technologies in the construction industry causes the need of taking into account the specific customer requirements for the accuracy of building 3D-models in engineering-geodetic surveys. The author analyzes the requirements to the exactness of the technological stages of the current regulatory document on aerial photographic survey. The represented concept of approaches to precision standards corresponds to the outdated analogue model. The need for a different method of determining normative tolerances in obtaining modern types of products is noted. The relevance of requirements to the accuracy of building 3D-models without reference to the scale of the topoplan and the height of the relief section is shown. The method of designing the regulatory admissions for the accuracy of technological stages is proposed. They are designed for a particular object before the beginning of fieldwork with controlled variations of error accumulation coefficients and expressed as average errors in centimeters and fractions of a pixel on the ground. The obtained allowances are the substantiating requirements for the chosen technology and accuracy control of the work results in the technical design of aerial photographic survey. Practical calculation of tolerances for constructing a 3D model of the urban development object to meet the customers’ requirements was carried out. Conclusions are given on the prospects of the method in areas that use remote sensing materials with any technology of their processing and a variety of user’s needs.

Elodea Canadensis (Submerged Macrophyte of the Yenisei River) and Actinides: Properties, Accumulation, Regularities and Interactions

Radioactive contamination of the Yenisei River bottom and (including the contamination with actinides) is the result of long-term operation of the Mining and Chemical Combine, which manufactures plutonium for weapons. The study considers the behavior of a submerged macrophyte Elodea Canadensis, one of the most widely spread species of aquatic plants in the River Yenisei. The values of the accumulation coefficients obtained for 242Pu, 13100 ± 2100 L·kg-1, were close to the concentration factor for 241Am–17100 ± 4300 L·kg-1, obtained for the Elodea shoots. Studies on the potential adaptation of one of the common aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis when immersed in a medium containing actinide. It was found that almost all the studied 241Am and 242Pu do not show a clear external effect on the solid fragments of the plant (cell membranes). Thus, it was shown that Elodea canadensis is tolerant of anthropogenic radio nuclides that differ in nature, physico-chemical properties, etc.

Assessment of native plants for their potential to remove trace metals around Legadembi tailings dam, Southern Ethiopia.

Native plant species growing on metal contaminated soil at the foot of the Legadembi tailings dam were selected to evaluate their phytoremediation potential. For this purpose, soil, aboveground tissues, and roots of plant samples were analyzed for the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd. The bioaccumulation and transfer of metals were evaluated in terms of translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC). The results showed that most of the species were efficient to take up and translocate more than one trace element (TE) from roots to shoots. Argemone mexicana L., Rumex nepalensis Spreng., Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb., and Schoenoplectu sconfusus (N.E.Br.) Lye showed potential for phytoextraction of Cu, while R. nepalensis and C. alopecuroides can accumulate in their above-ground parts and are suitable for phytoextraction of Ni. Rumex nepalensis, C. alopecuroides, and Typha latifolia L. have the ability for phytostabilization of Zn metal. Findings suggest concentrations of some metals in plants' tissue showed above the normal range which suggests their potential use in phytoremediation.

Experimental study on monotonic and cyclic lateral behavior enhancing mechanism of semi-rigid pile under different foundation reinforced methods in clay

Monopiles are the most commonly utilized foundation type for offshore wind turbines. Due to continuous growth in the capacity of offshore structures, increasing the diameter of piles is a relatively simple but costly method. How to improve the bearing capacity of monopile foundations without increasing the pile diameter is the research purpose of this paper. A series of laboratory model tests of laterally loaded monopiles in clay were carried out considering different foundation reinforcement methods (i.e., annular point post-grouting, distributed post-grouting and jet-grouting) to investigate the lateral monotonic and cyclic response of unreinforced and reinforced piles. As a result, the three foundation reinforcement methods improve the lateral capacity of piles, among which jet-grouting-reinforced piles have the greatest improvement. After the monotonic test is completed, an excavation test is carried out. It is determined that the cement slurry injected by the annular point post-grouting reinforcement mainly diffuses in the clay by splitting, while the reinforcement body formed by the distributed post-grouting and jet-grouting more evenly covers the outer surface of the pile, and the effect of improving the lateral capacity is improved. The accumulated displacement calculation formulas of different reinforced piles are obtained. The accumulation coefficient of distributed post-grouting and jet-grouting reinforced piles is small, which means that they can more effectively reduce the cumulative displacement of the pile.

Dynamics of accumulation of 137CS, botanical composition and productivity of legume-cereal mixtures in the Tula region

The purpose of the research is to select grass mixtures to improve hay and pasture lands on ravine - beam systems that have been exposed to radioactive contamination, to evaluate agrotechnical and agrochemical techniques to increase productivity and restore radioactively contaminated slope forage lands and reduce the accumulation of 137Cs in the grass. The work was carried out in 2003-2010 and 2019-2021 in the Plavsky district of the Tula region on medium loamy leached chernozem. In the first experiment, the yield and dynamics of accumulation of 137Cs by perennial grasses were studied. Perennial herbs were grown in variants without fertilizers and with annual application of N60P60K60. The objects of research were meadow clover, creeping clover, variable alfalfa, eastern goat, horned lyadvenets, boneless rump, meadow fescue, meadow timothy. The most productive in the experiments was a mixture of meadow clover, variable alfalfa and boneless stalk (10,5 t /ha of dry matter). The content of 137Cs in the air-dry mass of cereal-legume grass mixtures ranged from 8,3 to 40,1 Bq/kg. Perennial leguminous grasses bore 2...3 times more 137Cs than cereals. In the second experiment, the objects of the study were single-species crops of boneless stalk and its mixture with eastern goat with the use of mineral and microbiological fertilizers. As a result, it was found that the introduction of large doses of nitrogen fertilizers increased the accumulation of 137Cs in the herbage. With fractional fertilization, such an increase can be avoided. The complex application of nitrogen and microbiological fertilizers contributes to a 2-fold increase in the content of 137Cs in the herbage. In the experiments, the lowest values of the accumulation coefficients of 137Cs were noted in the variants with the addition of double superphosphate with potassium chloride and borofoski.

The relationship between Invasive Alien Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. characters and impacts in different habitats

Invasive alien plants are one of the most serious threats to agriculture. The growth traits of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. in crops and their demographics in invaded vs non-invaded communities were examined. The majority of S. elaeagnifolium germination was observed in the spring compared to the summer. Five stages were distinguished, which started with a short time of seedling and juvenile stages, extended flowering, and fruiting stages, and seed dispersion in the winter season. An increase in shoots/roots ratio, leaf area ratio and leaf mass fraction during growth with the varied rate was proved. The accumulation coefficient of dry mass exceeded 0.93 and was significant (P > 0.001) with great variability within plant parts, and stage intervals. While the high growth rate is influenced by the stages and habitats. The recipient communities are affected negatively by S. elaeagnifolium invasion which is associated with lower diversity, richness, and evenness vs non-invaded communities. High similarities were found in the invaded area and communities. Finally, high and varied growth and plasticity of S. elaeagnifolium characterized their invasion behavior via different habitats. There were suitable determinants indices of diversity that can be used in the comparison between invaded and non-invaded communities. This knowledge may be useful for use in agro-environment protection and to improve the management methods of invasive alien species.

Cardiovascular risk factors in metalworking industry workers

Introduction. Many cardiovascular risk factors are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is recognized as one of the predictors of cardiovascular diseases. Considering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to be asymptomatic for a long time, it is very important to determine the relationships between various factors involved in the formation of pathology to early detect and prevent cardiovascular diseases in people of working age. Materials and methods. As part of a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in metalworking workers was studied. The body mass index, lipid profile indicators, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, liver ultrasound results, lipid accumulation index, physical activity were analyzed. Results. The study revealed the presence of liver steatosis in 37% of the study participants. In 19%, liver steatosis was detected with a normal body mass index with a predominance in the “elderly” group; the values of the lipid profile are statistically significantly higher in the group of people diagnosed with liver steatosis: total cholesterol (p <0.001), triglycerides (p <0.001), atherogenicity index (p <0.001); and hyperglycemia (p <0.001). The coefficient of lipid accumulation increases with age, presence of steatosis, and obesity. In the group of persons with hepatic steatosis, persons with low physical activity significantly predominate. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (workers of the metalworking industry) limitations. Conclusion. The results of the study showed a high prevalence of liver steatosis among metalworking workers, mainly in elderly men. The established interrelations of the studied cardiovascular risk factors confirm significant cardiometabolic disorders in metalworking workers, which, under conditions of additional exposure to production factors, can potentiate the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications, cause fatal cases, including at work.

Распределение некоторых тяжелых металлов в озимой пшенице на разных стадиях её развития

In the modern world, with its rapid development of industry, environmental pollution by heavy metals is increasing on a scale uncharacteristic of nature. When heavy metals enter the soil in large quantities, they affect the biological and biochemical properties of soils, the change in the amount of mobile forms of nutrients in them. In polluted soils the absorption of heavy metals by plants leads to the accumulation of metals in edible parts of vegetables or crops. The total contamination of the soil is characterized by the gross content of heavy metals, and the availability of elements for plants is determined by their mobile forms. According to the calculation of the geoaccumulation index for the studied elements, the following series of metals have been compiled according to their contribution to soil pollution: Cu > Zn > Fe > Mn. The quantitative measure of the accumulation intensity of chemical elements by plants from the soil is the accumulation coefficient, describing the degree of biofilicity of the elements, as well as intensity of their involvement in biological cycles. The accumulative abilities of roots and shoots in relation to zinc at different stages of wheat growth decrease in the following order: earing > ripening > tubing. However, for copper there is a gradual decrease in accumulation in the roots at different stages of wheat growth in the following order: earing > tubing > ripening; in shoots it is: ripening> tubing > earing. According to the results of the study, several series of metals have been worked out according to the ability of accumulation by winter wheat. The cal-culated value of the transition coefficient allows us to formulate the following conclusions: iron reaches the maximum value of the coefficient at the tubing stage (7.764) and has the greatest value among all elements and growth stages; zinc and manganese reach the maximum value of the coefficient at the earing stage (1.765 and 2.193, respectively); copper reaches it at the ripening stage (1.143).