Accumulation Coefficient Research Articles

An optimized self-sensing piezoelectric cantilever for micro-robotic applications

Quasi-static piezoelectric actuators are used in micro-robotics due to the small displacements they can achieve, and they have been proven to be suitable for Self-Sensing Actuation (SSA) applications. The morphology and material of an actuator, and therefore its characteristics (i.e. stiffness, capacitance), all have an impact on the performance of the SSA implementation. This article presents a methodology that can be used to optimize the design parameters for a piezoelectric quasi-static bimorph cantilever for micro-robotic applications with sub-mN manipulation forces and sub-μ m positioning resolutions in mind. A model is established for this type of actuator, from which an objective function aiming to maximize β, the charge accumulation coefficient, is defined. Boundary conditions are set on the optimization study by imposing constraints on the design. An analytical optimization approach is then adopted to study the evolution of the objective function across the design space. The study evidences the existence of a subset of solutions satisfying the constraints and maximizing the objective function, and the partial derivatives of this subset are studied, leading to conclusions for an optimized design strategy. Experimental results show that inaccuracies in the prediction of the β parameter lie within the self-sensing actuator model due to the omission of the thin electrode layers inserted between each piezoelectric layer. Nonetheless, the presented optimization methodology has proven to be suitable to maximize the potential SSA performance of a design, with the fabricated optimized actuator having a higher β coefficient than a commercial actuator of similar external dimensions by a factor of approximately 7.

Detection of satellite data-based flood-prone areas using logistic regression in the central part of Java Island

The history of natural disasters recorded in BNPB (2019) explains that the total number of natural disaster events in the central part of Java (Central Java Province and Special Region of Yogyakarta Province) ranks highest in terms of the number of frequency of occurrences nationally. Of the total natural disasters that have occurred in Central Java, the number of floods is ranked third after the landslide and tornado disaster, which is around 1500 disasters. Various factors that can cause flooding cannot be eliminated. However, what is more, necessary is how to control the impacts caused by floods so that they can be managed and monitored appropriately. One effort to overcome the problem of the threat of flooding is to develop a detection model for flood-prone areas. In this study, the detection of flood-prone areas was carried out by using a logistic regression method that takes into account the variables that cause flooding such as elevation, land slope, river distance, flow accumulation, rainfall, and runoff coefficients. The results of the modelling, obtained coefficients of the variables/parameters mentioned earlier, namely intercept (5.05766 – 16.13210), rainfall (-0.01547 – 0.04075), elevation (-0.02173 – -0.00592), slope (-0.28108 – -0.01940), runoff coefficient (-9.10476 – 7.15039), river distance (0.00038 – 0.00783), and flow accumulation (-9.26342E-06 – 0.00309). The level of success in this modelling testing was 93.47826% -98.26087% of 329 flood event data points and not floods.

Агроекологічна ефективність елементів технології вирощування міскантусу на радіоактивно забруднених ґрунтах

The purpose. To study accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr in biomass and lysimetric waters and to determine agroecological efficiency of elements of technique of growing Miscanthus large on the soils contaminated with radioactive substances. Methods. Lysimetric, biomorphological, radiometric, statistical, comparative-calculation. Results. Data on accumulation of radioisotopes in biomass of Miscanthus large and lysimetric waters are cited. It is established that the level of accumulation of radioactive nuclides in plants of Miscanthus on the low-purity soils depends on elements of technique of growing, radioisotope and its density in soil. It is established that in alternatives where biopower crop was cultivated on soils contaminated with radioactive nuclides, accumulation in biomass of 137Cs made 14,7–18,6, 90Sr — 0,46–0,54 Bq/kg, in lysimetric waters — 4,36–4,57 and 0,28–0,65 Bq/l accordingly. Importation of fertilizers together with defecate and treatment of Miscanthus rhizomes before planting with microbial preparation Polimiksobakterin together with BioMAG promoted 28% increase of yield of dry biomass as compared to control. Conclusions. Application of fertilizers in a complex with chalking, inoculation of Miscanthus rhizomes with microbial preparation Polimiksobakterin and pre-sowing treatment with organomineral fertilizer BioMAG promoted essential increase of yield of dry biomass, decrease of 137Cs and 90Sr in biomass and lysimetric waters. Accumulation of these radioisotopes in Miscanthus biomass at growing on soils contaminated by radioactive nuclides did not exceed allowable level, and application of elements of technique promoted lowering content of 137Cs on 12–21%, 90Sr — on 9–15% as compared to control alternatives. At use of fertilizer complex «mineral fertilizer + defecate + Polimiksobakterin + BioMAG» they gained the least accumulation coefficients in Miscanthus biomass (137Cs — 0,07, 90Sr — 0,05), and in lysimetric waters (137Cs — 0,02, 90Sr — 0,03 ).

INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION, AS PART OF ITS ECONOMIC POLICY

The new economic policy of Russia is based on innovation and investment. Before choosing innovative changes, it is mandatory to assess the innovative potential of the organization. can distinguish Three main components can be distinguished in the innovative potential of a medical institution: innovative potential of medical personnel, innovation of facilities and resources, technology innovation (medico-institutional, therapeutic and diagnostic technologies). An audit of the innovative potential of a medical organization is a prerequisite for the formation of a competent economic policy, i. e. business strategies, priority investments. However, studies on a comprehensive assessment of the state of innovative potential of oncological medical organizations have not been conducted yet. Objective. To study the state of innovative potential of a medical organization, as part of its economic policy, using the example of cancer care. Materials and methods. The base of the research is the Higher Educational Institution “Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensary”, Department of Health, Ivanovo Region. The research program provided for the use of sociological, expert, mathematical-statistical and analytical methods. Units of observation: medical worker (doctor, paramedical worker) and material and technical resources of “Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensary”, The study was conducted in 2018. The integral estimation methodology of a medical organization’s innovation potential includes a quantitative assessment of each component of the potential according to the appropriate methodology. Results. Decline of the innovative capacity medical organization oncological profile on all of its components including: a personnel component at 9,0%, logistical component to 11,0%, technological component at 6,8%. Reduced innovative capacity of health workers is associated with low estimation of its parameters such as: the use of information sources for self-development, the ability to adapt to innovation and research activity. A decrease in the innovative potential of an oncological medical organization was noted in all its components, including: the personnel component by 9.0%, the material and technical component by 11.0%, the technological component by 6.8%. The decline in the innovative potential of health workers is associated with a low assessment of its parameters such as the use of information sources for self-development, the ability to adapt to innovation and research activities. The decrease in the innovation of the organization’s facilities and resources is associated with such indicators as: the scientific and technical level of equipment, the coefficient of accumulation of fixed assets, the coefficient of depreciation of equipment, the coefficient of inclusion of equipment in the standard of assistance. The decrease in innovation in the technological component is associated with the incomplete implementation of such quality attributes of medical services as: efficiency, adequacy, interpersonal interaction, uniqueness, convenience. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that a change in the innovative policy of medical organizations is required, its transfer from an extensive to an intensive strategic vector of development, the use of free financial resources for the purchase of new generation equipment, and the training of medical personnel in modern work technologies.

Effects of magnetic treatment on the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and endogenous hormone levels in Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ under cadmium stress

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil has become a serious worldwide environmental and health problem. Cd is easily taken up by plants and translocated to aboveground tissues. A pot experiment was carried out to explore the role of the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle and endogenous hormones in enhancing Cd tolerance and promoting translocation of Cd in one-year-old seedlings of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’. The antioxidant substances ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); the activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR); the levels of the endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin riboside (ZR); and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated after 30 days of irrigation with half-Hoagland solution containing 0 or 100 μmol·L–1 Cd(NO3)2 under magnetic treatment (MT) or nonmagnetic treatment (NMT). The results were as follows. (i) Compared with NMT, MT increased the AsA levels in roots compared with those in leaves under Cd stress, whereas it increased the DHA levels in the leaves but decreased the DHA levels in the roots. The GSH and GSSG levels both increased by 8%–151% under MT. (ii) MT inhibited the APX activity in blades and roots, and a similar effect was observed on the foliar activities of GR and MDHAR, with a decrease of 8%–50%; however, MT increased the activation of DHAR in the blades and GR in the roots. In addition, compared with NMT, MT increased the activities of GR, MDHAR, and DHAR by 19%–285% in Populus (poplar). (iii) With the exogenous addition of Cd, the Cd accumulation and biological transport coefficient of Cd from roots to leaves (S/R) were enhanced in poplar, accompanied by increased levels of H2O2 and MDA due to MT. (iv) The levels of IAA, ABA, GA, and ZR were inhibited by 19%–95% in the leaves following MT. In contrast, the levels of these endogenous hormones were increased by 18%–203% in the roots following MT. (v) MT improved the seedling growth of poplar, with an increase of 0.4%–90%, compared with that of the NMT. The ground diameter and number of root tips showed the greatest increases, with average ratios of 29% and 87%, respectively. These results suggested a large increase in AsA and decreases in poplar antioxidant enzymes, especially in the leaves, with a high GSH level. In this review, we concluded that the antioxidant substance GSH plays an important role in the AsA–GSH cycle following exposure to a magnetic field under Cd stress. Additionally, the roots play a major role in eliminating oxygen free radicals by regulating the levels and ratios of various endogenous hormones. Moreover, magnetization could alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress by stimulating MDHAR, DHAR, and GR activities; enhance the defense capability of the AsA–GSH cycle; and maintain normal physiological metabolism in poplar.

Uptake of 137Cs in legumes plants (Vicia sativa L.) at the influence of complex bacterial preparations

Aim. Main goal is to determine the role of individual strains of microorganisms in the accumulation of 137Cs by plants of vetch (Vicia sativa L.), under the influence of seed pre-sowing inoculation by microorganisms used in agriculture as biofertilizers and cultivated on substrate contaminated by radionuclides. Methods. Laboratory and field experiments, microbiological, gamma spectrometry. Results. The changes of morphometric indices of plants due to bacterial microflora activity are described. The modification of the radionuclide accumulation coefficient under the influence of microorganisms-inoculants has been calculated. The most effective complexes of strains of microorganisms that can reduces the accumulation of radionuclide by green mass of plants are determined. Conclusions. Using seed inoculation by bacterial strains while cultivating on radionuclide-contaminated soil was proposed as an additional measure to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in green mass of plants.
 Keywords: accumulation coefficient, Vicia sativa L., 137Cs, bacterial preparations.

Radioactivity Concentrations in Dust and Soil of Enhanced Occurring Natural Radionuclides and Their Transfer Factors to Urban Trees in Phosphate Polluted Area

A survey was carried out to determine the activity concentration levels from the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in four different areas affected to varying degrees by TE-NORM activity (Al-Nasr quarry for phosphate) by using of The High Purity Germanium Detector (HPGD) with consideration for the background level. The average activity concentration levels due to radionuclides were measured for soil, dust and urban trees leaves (Eucalyptus globulus leaves) samples collected from these areas. The transfer factors of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) from soil and dust to plant (Eucalyptus globulus) for these areas were measured. It was found that the activity concentration of (40K, 232Th, and 226Ra) radionuclides varies according to the variations of areas. Samples of area (4) showed lower 226Ra and 232Th concentrations than other areas. Area (1) that close to the source of pollution showed the highest values for 226Ra activity concentration. Leaves of E. globulus exhibited different accumulation coefficients according to the distance from the quarry. The transfer factors of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) are given to make rough estimates of the two main mechanisms of radionuclide accumulation; atmospheric deposition and root uptake of the urban trees (Eucalyptus globulus leaves). The relationship between the radionuclides concentrations in leaf, deposited dust and soil samples was estimated by Pearson coefficients.

Modeling of atmospheric transfer of radionuclides in the form of water aerosols from the surface area of water bodies using the example of Lake Karachay, Russia

Based on the analysis of multi-year monitoring data on atmospheric air contamination in thevicinity of Lake Karachay, Reservoir V-9, a model is suggested here for carry-over of radionuclides (trace elements) in the form of water aerosols from the reservoir surface area. The concept of fractionation (accumulation) coefficients is introduced for different radionuclides present in V-9 Reservoir water aerosols as compared to the reference radionuclide 137Cs. The range of possible fractionation coefficient values is estimated for 134Cs, 90Sr, 103,106Ru, 95Zr+ 95Nb, 125Sb, 144Ce and Pu radionuclides. It is shown that, for a numerical assessment of radioactive pollution of theatmosphere with water aerosols, it is convenient to express the capacity of the source of releases as aproduct of three factors: (1) the activity concentration in the reservoir water, (2) the effective rate of generation of water aerosol volume from the reservoir surface area (~ 20cm3m-2year-1 in relation to the reference radionuclide 137Cs), and (3) the fractionation coefficient of the radionuclide under consideration in water aerosols as compared to the reference nuclide. It is proposed here to model transfer and dispersion of water aerosols in the atmosphere using the standard Gaussian model, and it is shown that this allows estimation of atmospheric pollution in the vicinity of thereservoir with acceptable accuracy.

Transfer and Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals in Native Vegetation Plants

Phytoremediation procedure can be defined as the use of selected plants in order to eliminate some heavy metals from the soil, or wastewater in a cost-effective method. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr in soils and vegetation plants grown in Wadi Hanifa, Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Five sites have been chosen for collected plant samples (shoot and root) for one year, and five plant species have been chosen which distributed in the study area including Ziziphus spina-christi, Prosopis juliflora, Rhazya stricta, Ochradenus baccatus and Conocarpus erectus. Determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr has been done with ICP. Accumulation coefficient (AC), and translocation factor (TF) have been calculated to evaluate the ability of selected plants to extract the heavy metals from soil. The results indicated that Ziziphus spina-christi and Conocarpus erectus showed the high ability to accumulate the Pb and Zn in its root and shoot compared with other plants. The trend of heavy metal translocation factors for different plants was in the order of Cd > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn. The accumulation coefficient (AC) of the Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr in the roots/soil of Ziziphus spina-christi, Prosopis juliflora, Rhazya stricta, Ochradenus baccatus and Conocarpus erectus were varied from 0.80 to 3.60. The order of AC in the shoot as follows: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr > Cd, while in roots of as follows: Cd > Cr > Pb > Cr > Zn.

Phytoassessment of Vetiver grass enhanced with EDTA soil amendment grown in single and mixed heavy metal-contaminted soil.

Over the years, ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetate (EDTA) has been widely used for many purposes. However, there are inadequate phytoassessment studies conducted using EDTA in Vetiver grass. Hence, this study evaluates the phytoassessment (growth performance, accumulation trends, and proficiency of metal uptake) of Vetiver grass, Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash in both single and mixed heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn)-disodium EDTA-enhanced contaminated soil. The plant growth, metal accumulation, and overall efficiency of metal uptake by different plant parts (lower root, upper root, lower tiller, and upper tiller) were thoroughly examined. The relative growth performance, metal tolerance, and phytoassessment of heavy metal in roots and tillers of Vetiver grass were examined. Metals in plants were measured using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS) after acid digestion. The root-tiller (R/T) ratio, biological concentration factor (BCF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), and metal uptake efficacy were used to estimate the potential of metal accumulation and translocation in Vetiver grass. All accumulation of heavy metals were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both lower and upper roots and tillers of Vetiver grass for Cd + Pb + Cu + Zn + EDTA treatments as compared with the control. The single Zn + EDTA treatment accumulated the highest overall total amount of Zn (8068 ± 407 mg/kg) while the highest accumulation for Cu (1977 ± 293 mg/kg) and Pb (1096 ± 75 mg/kg) were recorded in the mixed Cd + Pb + Cu + Zn + EDTA treatment, respectively. Generally, the overall heavy metal accumulation trends of Vetiver grass were in the order of Zn >>> Cu > Pb >> Cd for all treatments. Furthermore, both upper roots and tillers of Vetiver grass recorded high tendency of accumulation for appreciably greater amounts of all heavy metals, regardless of single and/or mixed metal treatments. Thus, Vetiver grass can be recommended as a potential phytoextractor for all types of heavy metals, whereby its tillers will act as the sink for heavy metal accumulation in the presence of EDTA for all treatments.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭЛЕМЕНТНОГО СОСТАВА FILIPENDULA ULMARIA (L.) MAXIM (ROSACEAE) НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ НОВО-УРСКОГО ХВОСТОХРАНИЛИЩА В КЕМЕРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью получения комплексной информации о влиянии радикальных изменений биогеохимического фона в районах распространения хвостохранилищ горнорудного производства с целью прогнозирования путей миграции токсичных компонентов. Цель: выявление изменений в элементном составе корневой и надземной части Лабазника вязолистного (Filipéndula ulmária (L.) Maxim.) и установление индикаторных показателей техногенного влияния хвостохранилища руд Ново-Урского месторождения. Задачами исследования являются: определение коэффициентов концентраций химических элементов относительно фоновых значений, изучение особенностей пространственного распределения элементов в надземной и корневой частях лабазника вязолистного на территории хвостохранилища, установление коэффициентов аккумуляции химических элементов в корневой части лабазника вязолистного по отношению к надземной. Методы. Сбор растительного материала произведен на флангах Ново-Урского хвостохранилища. Элементный состав лабазника вязолистного определен методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ИСП-МС) в лаборатории аналитического центра «Плазма» (г. Томск) по аттестованным методикам. Обработка аналитических данных выполнялась с помощью программ Statistica (6.0) и Excel. Картосхемы распределения элементов в надземной и корневой частях лабазника вязолистного построены в программах Surfer (11) и CorelDRAW (16). Результаты. На примере Ново-Урского хвостохранилища в Кемеровской области изучено накопление 67 химических элементов в лабазнике вязолистном. Рассчитаны коэффициенты концентраций элементов относительно фоновой точки и кларка ноосферы. Составлены геохимические ряды, отражающие избыточное накопление таких элементов, как Zn, Ba, Pb, Tl, Se, Ag, W, Hg, Au, P, превышающих фоновые значения в 5 и более раз. Картосхемы пространственного распределения химических элементов в лабазнике вязолистном показали наиболее высокие концентрации элементов в районе расположения отвала переработки окисленных руд и зоны потока рассеяния. Представлены коэффициенты аккумуляции химических элементов в корневой части лабазника вязолистного по отношению к надземным. Выявлено повышенное содержание химических элементов в корнях примерно в 80 % случаев.

The evaluation of resistance to Co 2+ of lawn plant at seedling stage and its concentration property at adult stage.

In order to evaluate the resistance of lawn plant to Co2+ at germination stage and discuss its concentration property at adult stage, four kinds of lawn plant which have some growth advantages in Co2+ polluted environment were selected as experimental materials in this research. They are tall fescue, timothy grass, inflorescences, and annual ryegrass. The results show that the evaluation of resistance to Co2+ of tall fescue's seed is the highest; the evaluation of resistance to Co2+ of annual ryegrass seed is the lowest. The low consistence Co2+ could improve the seed germination. With Co2+ concentration increase, the accumulation coefficient of four plants increased at first and decreased later; the accumulation coefficient of underground portion is higher than the accumulation coefficient of aboveground; with Co2+ concentration increase, the transfer coefficient of four plants have a remarkable decline. In these plants, the accumulation coefficient of tall fescue and annual ryegrass is bigger than other two plants. As the concentration of Co2+ treatment increased to 100 mg/kg, the aboveground enrichment of Co2+ in F. elata reached 75 mg/kg, followed by L. multiflorum (68.9 mg/kg), P. pratense (48.8 mg/kg), and D. glomerata (27.2 mg/kg).The highest underground enrichment of Co2+ in F. elata reached 836.46 mg/kg, in contrast to the lowest underground enrichment in D. glomerata, 264.67 mg/kg. It shows that fescue and annual ryegrass have a better enrichment property to Co2+ and have a better prospect for the treatment of cobalt-contaminated soil. This research could provide some scientific basis and main technical approach for the soil contaminated by Co2+.

Neoformations (Nodules and Placic Layers) in Surface-Gleyed Loamy Sandy Soils of the Northern Part of the Tambov Plain

In the middle part of the profiles of light gray soils (non-gleyed, deeply gleyed, weakly and strongly gleyed) on silty loamy sandy two-layered deposits of the river terraces in the Tambov Plain, placic layers are formed. Nodules are confined to the arable layer, if surface water stagnation occurs. Angular black nodules of less than 2 mm in size with a high Mn content are specific for weakly gleyed soils, grayish brown nodules of 7–10 mm in size are common in strongly gleyed soils. The Cd and Pb accumulation coefficients in the nodules reach 100–300, those for Co and Mo are 10–100; for Zn and Cu, 2–5; the content of P2O5 is 1.0–1.5%, the content of organic matter in the nodules is 1.8–2.5%, and it has a fulvic nature (Cha/Cfa < 0.4). The placic layer density reaches 1.6 g/cm3, and the aeration porosity is reduced to 3–6%. They are highly acidic, 1.5 to 3 times higher in the contents of clay, Al, Fe, Mn, and trace elements than the enclosing material. A reliable quantitative criterion for the evaluation of the agroecological status of light gray surface-gley soils can be the Fe/Mn ratio in 1 N sulfuric acid extract from the nodules (bogging factor according to Zaidelman and Ogleznev).

Accumulation of uranium and heavy metals in the soil-plant system in Xiazhuang uranium ore field, Guangdong Province, China.

Plants that have grown for many years in the special environmental conditions prevailing in mining areas are naturally screened and show strong capacity to adapt to their environment. The present study investigated the enrichment characteristics of U and other heavy metals (As, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cd, Co, and Ni) in the soil-plant system in Xiazhuang uranium mine. Four dominant plants (Castanopsis carlesii, Rhus chinensis, Liriodendron chinense, and Sapium discolor) and soil samples were collected from the mined areas, unmined areas, and background areas away from the ore field. U, As, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cd, Co, and Ni concentrations were analyzed by ICP-MS. The results demonstrate that (1) The highest concentrations of U (4.1-206.9mg/kg) and Pb (43.3-126.0mg/kg) with the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) greater than 1 show that they are the main soil pollutants in the research area. (2) The biological accumulation coefficient (LBAC) values for Cd, Mn, and Cu are greater than zero in S. discolor, L. chinense, and C. carlesii and these three plants indicate that they can be used for remediation of the soil in the ore field. (3) R. chinensis inhibits the accumulation of heavy metals and shows sensitive pigment responses to the accumulation of U in the leaves. L. chinense has the strongest enrichment effect on heavy metals but exhibits weak biochemical responses under U stress. C. carlesii demonstrates strong adaptation to U and can maintain healthy pigment characteristics in case of high U enrichment. (4) S. discolor, L. chinense, C. carlesii and R. chinensis have strong tolerance to U toxicity and different biochemical responses.

Accumula- tion radionuclides 137Cs in plants of grass-bush in tier subors of Ukrainian Polissia

The modern radioactive contamination of the representatives of the grass-bush tier of pine plantations in the conditions of subors forests of Ukrainian Polissia is investigated. The density of radioactive soil contamination within the sample plots varied from 148 to 440 kBq/m2. Significant fluctuations of the specific activity values of 137Cs for all research species were found — from 6166 Bq/kg to 171862 Bq/kg. The maximum values of 137Cs were found in terrestrial phytomass of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, and minimal — in Vaccinium uliginosum L. Intensity indices of 137Cs in terrestrial phytomass of grass-bush tier for all research species varied in wide ranges: the coefficient of accumulation from 0.8 to 58.6, the transition factor — from 17 to 574 m2·kg–1·10–3. According to the results of one-factor dispersion analysis, the representatives of the grass-bush cover on the ability to accumulate 137Cs were classified in 6 groups. By the accumulation intensity of 137Cs in subors forests, the plants can be placed in the following order: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn > Melampyrum pretense L. > Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull > Vaccinium myrtillus L. > Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench > Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. > Ledum palustre L. > Vaccinium uliginosum L. The concentration of 137Cs in the species of grass-bush cover has a close linear relationship with the magnitude of the density of soil radioactive contamination.

Investigation of the Stages of Damage Accumulation in Polymer Composite Materials

This paper presents the results of the study of strength and fracture processes of FRP samples, obtained by vacuum and vacuum-autoclave molding methods. The experimental studies consisted of a three-point bending test with step loading, accompanied by an acoustic emission method. Based on the acoustic emission data recorded using the acoustic-emission software and hardware complex during the experiments, a method for estimating the accumulated damage using various techniques for analyzing acoustic emission parameters was tested. The results of methods for analyzing the power-law coefficient of accumulation of total AE, b-value and density distribution of amplitudes and median frequencies are considered. An estimate of the power-law coefficient of accumulation of the total AE made it possible to determine the bearing capacity of PCM samples. Using the techniques for analyzing the amplitude distribution of the AE signals and the distribution density of the amplitudes and median frequencies of the AE signals, destructive processes in the volume of samples were described and the stages of their damaging were revealed.

Assessment of radiation environmental risk for the terrestrial ecosystem

In this work there is a detailed methodology for the assessment of the radiological ecological risk at the ecosystem level based on critical loads. Risk assessment consists of the following stages: hazard identification, identification of reference species and indicators, determination and analysis of critical loads on the basis of the dose-effect relationship, environmental risk assessment and analysis of risk functions. The experimental site is the territory, which has been exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of depressurization of the storage capacity of radioactive waste. On the basis of long-term (2010 – 2015) monitoring works, the input parameters for risk assessment were determined: the recipient of the impact is the terrestrial ecosystem; in the study of chemical and radioactive contamination of the territory, an environmental hazard factor was identified – Sr-90; the reference species - the mollusk Fruticola fruticum and reference indicators – the coefficient of accumulation of the Sr-90 of shells from the nettle and catalase enzymatic activity of soils. It was determined the acceptability of radiation risk for the terrestrial ecosystem on the basis of critical loads on the catalase activity of soils and unacceptability when accounting the coefficient of accumulation of Sr-90.

Characterization of selenium accumulation of different rice genotypes in Chinese natural seleniferous soil

In this study, the difference of Se content in brown rice of different rice genotypes was evaluated on natural seleniferous soil. Firstly, the Se content of brown rice in 80 rice germplasm resources was determined, which ranged from 0.0249–0.1426 mg/kg, showing obvious differences. Next, two cultivars with a significant difference in Se content in brown rice, i.e., cv. Wuyangeng (high) and cv. IR68144 (low), were used to study the distribution pattern of Se in different organs. Moreover, the physiological mechanism of the Se content diversity in brown rice of the two cultivars was explored preliminarily. The results showed that the Se content of cv. Wuyangeng was 2–3 times higher compared to cv. IR68144. However, the Se contents of cv. IR68144 root and leaf were significantly higher than that of cv. Wuyangeng under both natural soil environment and artificial nutrient solution culture. Cv. IR68144 also had a stronger root Se accumulation coefficient and shoot Se transfer coefficient. Consequently, it can be inferred that the stronger Se transfer ability from stem to grain was the key reason for the higher Se content in brown rice cv. Wuyangeng than in cv. IR68144.

Establishment of statistical models for oil and gas migration and accumulation coefficients and their applications in frontier exploration basins

Establishment of statistical models for oil and gas migration and accumulation coefficients and their applications in frontier exploration basins

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in woody leaves of the Beskaragai forest area of the East Kazakhstan region

The article provides information on the content of mobile heavy metals in the pine leaves of the Beskaragai forest and their bioaccumulation. In addition, the bioticity coefficient of elements (CBE), accumulation coefficient (KN) are calculated, and to estimate the degree of pollution of forest ecosystems, calculations are made of the total pollution of coniferous leaves and correlation Pearson coefficients describing the linear relationship between the content of heavy metals in the leaves and the soil. Cobalt and lead were detected in soil samples of the studied areas, the CBE value of which is below 0.03. In the rest of the elements, the CBE is higher, which indicates the significant role of the mettal in the biochemical circulation of substances in the forest ecosystem of Beskaragai ribbon boron. It was revealed that the volume of heavy metals in woody leaves is closely related to the active types of soil metals. It is shown that the level of contamination by heavy metals of woody leaves in conditions of Beskaragai ribbon boron is low. The results of the study can be used in monitoring bioindicative studies of the state of the environment related to the assessment of migration flows of heavy metals in ecosystems. &nbsp;Key words: tape forest, pine needles, heavy metals, bioaccumulation, coefficients, biotic, accumulation, concentration, Pearson, total pollution indicators