THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF SOIL MOISTURE ON THE TRANSLOCATION OF Zn AND Cu IN GRAIN OF WINTER CEREALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

Abstract

The attention of almost the entire world community is focused on the problem of food security. In many countries of the world, the lack of food resources is acutely felt, the main source of which is grain farming. Ukraine is distinguished among other countries by its favorable soil and climatic conditions for the cultivation of cereals, it has the appropriate technologies, and qualified workers. Therefore, the production of grain products is one of the main directions of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, which is subject to certain quality requirements. The article examines the influence of the level of soil moisture (precipitation and irrigation) on the content and coefficient of accumulation and danger of Zn and Cu in the grain of winter wheat and winter barley. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of the level of soil moisture (precipitation and irrigation) on the content of the coefficient of accumulation and danger of Zn and Cu in the grain of winter wheat and winter barley in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe. An increase in the coefficient of accumulation of Zn and a decrease in the coefficient of accumulation of Cu in cereal grains contributed to an increase in the concentration of Zn and a decrease in Cu under such conditions, this feature was established both in winter barley of the variety (Luran) and in winter wheat of the variety (Akratos). In particular, at the level of soil irrigation in the period of tillering-earing of winter barley and winter wheat from 256.2 mm to 272.5 mm, the concentration of Zn in the grain of these cereals was 1.07 times higher, and the concentration of Cu was 1.05 times lower in winter barley grain, and in winter wheat grain, the concentration of Zn was 1.14 times higher and 1.15 times lower than the concentration of Cu, respectively, compared to the moisture level of 47.4 mm and 52.3 mm. The coefficient of danger of heavy metals in the grain of winter cereals at the level of soil moisture from 256.2 mm. to 272.5 mm in the tillering-earing period was higher in Zn and lower in Cu compared to the moisture level of 47.4 mm–52.3 mm. An increase in the hazard ratio of Zn by 1.06 times and a decrease in the hazard ratio of Cu by 1.15 times in winter barley grains and an increase by 1.15 and a decrease by 1.16 times in winter wheat grains, respectively. During the artificial moistening of the soil during the growing season in the period of tillering-earing until the grain is milky, an increase in these Zn indicators and a decrease in Cu were observed in both winter barley and winter wheat grains.