Centrifugal Pump Research Articles

Exploring integrated heat and mass transfer in von-Kármán dynamics involving Reiner-Rivlin fluid with regression models

The rotating disk system is widely used in several important applications, including turbomachinery design, mixing and stirring processes, centrifugal blood pumps development, optimizing electronic component, cooling efficiency, and various others. Moreover, regression models offer comprehensive and reliable prediction for important parameters in flows developed by revolving disks. This article presents similarity solutions for coupled heat and mass transfer with viscous dissipation in an inelastic non-Newtonian fluid flow across a permeable revolving disk. The inclusion of diffusion terms due to Dufour and Soret effects establishes coupling between energy and concentration equations. Temperature and concentrations at disk surface are supposed to vary quadratically along the radial direction. The impacts of MHD, heat source/sink dynamics and Joule heating effects on thermal boundary layer are also scrutinized. MATLAB's bvp5c tool, based on collocation scheme, generates numerical results. Homotopy analysis method, a widely accepted analytical solution procedure, is then applied to produce the series solution. Selection of the optimal auxiliary parameter values featured in the series solution is also included. The impact of Reiner-Rivlin fluid assumption on the torque required by the disk is assessed. Furthermore, linear and quadratic regression models are developed for the skin friction factors, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Wind pumping with possibility to eliminate the power electronicsbay

In this article, we propose an application which resides in wind pumping, in particular the possibility to eliminate the power electronics interface. This fact is based on the exploitation of the torque-speed characteristic of the centrifugal type pump. The pumping system proposed in this article is made up of a three-blade turbine, two permanent magnets synchronous machines, one of which plays the role of the generator and the other motor driving the centrifugal pump. The good choice of machines and the centrifugal pump made possible the operation of the system of pumping with elimination of the static converter.The mathematical model to eliminate the static converter is developed and presented, implemented and simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment.The simulation results obtained are validated by comparison with other simulation results of a wind pumping system with the presence of the power electronics interface.

Energy characteristic of cavitation in a centrifugal pump based on entropy generation analysis

Energy characteristic of cavitation in a centrifugal pump based on entropy generation analysis

Numerical study of gas pocket distribution and pressurization deterioration mechanism in a centrifugal pump

In the event of a loss-of-coolant accident at a nuclear power plant, a large amount of steam enters the main pump, causing the pump's pressurization to deteriorate or even fail. To reveal the deterioration mechanism of the pump performance, the gas-liquid distribution characteristics in the centrifugal pump were studied by using structured grids and the Eulerian-Eulerian model. Based on the dimensional analysis method, a predictive correlation for bubble size was established, which included factors such as inlet gas volume fraction (IGVF), rotational speed, liquid flow rate, and impeller geometric parameters. When the predictive correlation is applied to the numerical simulation, the numerical two-phase pressurization agrees well with that obtained from the experiment. As the IGVF increases, the gas begins to accumulate at the impeller inlet under the effect of the pressure gradient force. Due to the large increase in liquid velocity, the gas begins to accumulate from the middle of the diffuser flow channel. The area occupied by the gas pocket in the impeller loses its pressurization capability. The pressure vortex formed at the inlet of the channel causes the diffuser to lose its pressurization capacity. An increase in rotational speed and a decrease in liquid flow rate can effectively prevent the formation and development of gas pockets in the impeller.

Series Multiblood Pump Design With Dual Activation for Pediatric Patients With Heart Failure.

The translational development of pediatric ventricular assist devices (VADs) lags years behind adult device options, negatively impacting pediatric patient outcomes. To address this need, we are developing a novel, series-flow, double-blood pump VAD that integrates an axial and centrifugal pump into a single device. The axial pump is used for initial circulatory assistance in younger patients; then, an internal activation mechanism triggers the centrifugal pump to activate in line with the axial pump, providing additional pressure and flow to match pediatric patient growth cycles. Here, we focused on the design and improvement of the device flow paths through computational analysis and in vitro hydraulic testing of a prototype. We estimated pressure-flow generation, fluid scalar stresses, and blood damage levels. In vitro hydraulic tests correlated well with shear stress transport (SST) predictions, with an average deviation of 4.5% for the complex, combined flow path. All data followed expected pump performance trends. The device exceeded target levels for blood damage in the blade tip clearances, and this must be both investigated and addressed in the next design phase. These study findings establish a strong foundation for the future development of the Drexel Double-Dragon VAD.

Hydraulic tests of a new centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation systems

Hydraulic tests of a new centrifugal pump with shrouded impeller for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation systems

Optimization of a centrifugal blood pump in terms of hemolysis index and hydraulic efficiency

Optimization of a centrifugal blood pump in terms of hemolysis index and hydraulic efficiency

Impacts of impeller blade number on centrifugal pump performance under critical cavitation conditions

The number of impeller blades is a significant geometric parameter that considerably impacts centrifugal pump performance. A transient numerical analysis of a centrifugal pump is conducted to examine the influence of the variable impeller blade number on pump performance under critical cavitation conditions. Six different impellers with 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11 blades are examined numerically at a rotational speed of 2900 r/min when other impeller parameters remain unchanged. Fields of interior flow and properties of centrifugal pumps are studied concerning static pressure, velocity magnitude, and vapor volume fraction using ANSYS Fluent to perform the numerical simulation. The results show that numerical analysis can accurately predict centrifugal pump internal flow. The current results match experimental and numerical data for the NPSH, with a 4.65% discrepancy. Blade numbers affect the flow field and pressure amplitude, especially at the outlet region. As blade numbers increase, pressure increases, and the impeller with 11-blade has the maximum pressure amplitude. The impeller with a seven-blade achieved its highest efficiency level, exhibiting a 0.48% improvement under non-cavitation conditions and a 1.4% improvement under critical cavitation conditions compared to the original model. Furthermore, the cavity size on an individual blade of a model with three-blade is more extensive compared to other models. In addition, the impeller with a nine-blade exhibits the lowest value of the vapor volume percentage. This research analyses the influence of different blade numbers on the performance of centrifugal pumps while operating under critical cavitation conditions. It aims to provide novel insights into the flow characteristics associated with such circumstances.

Response surface method‐based hydraulic performance optimization of a single‐stage centrifugal pump

AbstractIn this article, the response surface approach was employed to enhance the hydraulic performance of the pump at the rated point. Specifically, an approximate link between the design head and efficiency of the single‐stage centrifugal pump and the parameters of the impeller's design was established. The first step in creating a one‐factor experimental design involved selecting significant geometric variables as factors. Decision variables such as the number of blades, flow rate, and rotation were chosen due to their significant impact on hydraulic performance, while head and efficiency were considered as responses. Subsequently, the best‐optimized values for each level of the parameters were identified using response surface analysis and a central composite design. The impeller schemes of the Design‐Expert software were evaluated for head and efficiency using Computational fluid dynamics, and a total of 20 experiments were conducted. The simulated results were then validated with experimental data. Through the analysis of the individual parameters and the approximation model, the ideal parameter combination that increased head and efficiency by 7.90% and 2.06%, respectively, at the rated value was discovered. It is worth noting that in cases of a high rate of flow, the inner flow was also enhanced.

High-speed magnetically levitated centrifugal hydrogen recirculation pump in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

This paper presents a novel magnetically levitated centrifugal hydrogen recirculation pump (MLCHRP) designed for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Compared to traditional hydrogen recirculation pump, the MLCHRP offers significant advantages, including no lubrication, no mechanical friction, and active vibration suppression. However, the compact design of the pump imposes constraints on the load capacity of the active magnetic bearings (AMBs). As a result, the rotor is more susceptible to instability when subjected to unbalanced disturbance forces. This paper details the structure of the MLCHRP and provides an analysis of the basic model for unbalanced disturbance forces. A method for suppressing these unbalanced disturbances is proposed, utilizing a Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) combined with Parallel Peak Filters (PPF). The impact of this approach on system stability is thoroughly examined, and the effectiveness of the proposed method for unbalanced disturbance suppression is experimentally validated. The experimental results show that the peak-to-peak displacement of the rotor decreased by 80%. Additionally, the synchronous component in the rotor's displacement FFT was reduced by 6 dB (from -19.2 dB), and the second harmonic component decreased by 23.8 dB (from -23.7 dB). Finally, aerodynamic performance tests confirm that the MLCHRP meets the application requirements of actual PEMFCs system.

Numerical investigation of unsteady leading edge cavitation in a double-suction centrifugal pump

Numerical investigation of unsteady leading edge cavitation in a double-suction centrifugal pump

Numerical analysis of hydrophobic surface effects on cavitation inception and evolution in high-speed centrifugal pumps for thermal energy storage and transfer systems

This study explores the influence of wettability surfaces on cavitation inception and evolution in high-speed centrifugal pumps used for thermal energy storage and transfer systems through numerical simulations. The simulations were conducted using the Kunz mass transfer model implemented in Fluent, combined with the Eulerian multiphase flow approach and the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model. The cavitation dynamics were analyzed across contact angles ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic conditions. The results demonstrate that superhydrophobic surfaces delay cavitation onset compared to hydrophilic ones, reducing the critical cavitation coefficient by at least 28%. At flow rates of 1.11 Q0 and 0.89 Q0, cavitation numbers show distinct trends, with superhydrophobic surfaces enhancing cavitation stability and reducing the frequency of cavitation shedding. The reentrant jet dynamics are also affected, with increased hydrophobicity weakening the jets and stabilizing cavitation zones. This research aims to advance the understanding of using surface wettability to manage cavitation in high-speed centrifugal pumps, thereby improving the performance and reliability of thermal energy storage and transfer systems.

A digital twin system for centrifugal pump fault diagnosis driven by transfer learning based on graph convolutional neural networks

In industrial sectors such as shipping, chemical processing, and energy production, centrifugal pumps often experience failures due to harsh operational environments, making it challenging to accurately identify fault types. Traditional fault diagnosis methods, which heavily rely on existing fault datasets, suffer from limited generalization capabilities, especially when substantial labeled and specific fault sample data are lacking. This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis approach for centrifugal pumps, utilizing a digital twin (DT) framework powered by a graph transfer learning model to address this issue. Firstly, a high-fidelity DT model is constructed to simulate the flow-induced vibration response of the impeller under different health states to enrich the type and scale of the dataset. Secondly, a graph convolutional neural networks (GCN) model is constructed to learn the knowledge of simulation data, and the Wasserstein distance between simulation data and measured data is optimized for adversarial domain adaptation, thereby achieving efficient cross-domain fault diagnosis. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm delivers effective fault diagnosis with minimal prior knowledge and outperforms comparable models. Furthermore, the DT system developed using the proposed model enhances the operational reliability of centrifugal pumps, reduces maintenance costs, and presents an innovative application of DT technology in industrial fault diagnosis.

Diagnosis of different degree of blockage levels in the Centrifugal Pump Employing Vibration, Pressure and Current Data through Artificial Neural Network

Diagnosis of different degree of blockage levels in the Centrifugal Pump Employing Vibration, Pressure and Current Data through Artificial Neural Network

Experimental Research on Prediction of Remaining Using Life of Solar DC Centrifugal Pumps Based on ARIMA Model

In order to improve the stability and reliability of the solar DC centrifugal pump real-time operation and prevent the centrifugal pump failure caused by the unexpected shutdown of the system, a set of accurate and efficient centrifugal pump condition monitoring systems was built. A time series-based strategy for predicting the remaining using life (RUL) of centrifugal pumps was proposed. The time series of head and efficiency of centrifugal pumps at specific flow conditions were measured, the corresponding failure thresholds were set, and different differential autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were developed to predict the remaining useful life of the pumps. The results show that the maximum prediction error of the head ARIMA model established under the design conditions of the pump was 0.040%, and the head time series reaches the failure threshold of 8 m at the 653rd data point; the maximum prediction error of the efficiency ARIMA model was 0.042%, and the efficiency time series reaches the failure threshold of 16% at the 672nd data point. According to the proposed prediction strategy, the RUL of the centrifugal pump under the design condition was 53 h. The head time series of the pump at high flow conditions reaches a failure threshold of 5 m at the 640th data point; the efficiency time series will reach a failure threshold of 12.5% at the 578th data point, and the RUL of the centrifugal pump at high flow conditions was 78 h. The established ARIMA model has a high prediction accuracy and can effectively predict the RUL of centrifugal pumps.

Methodology for determining the reliability of pumping units for pumping petroleum products

This article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of operation of pumping units by improving the methodology for calculating its reliability, using the example of centrifugal pumping units of the CM type used for pumping petroleum products. The proposed monitoring system makes it possible to obtain data on controlled centrifugal pumping units using a sufficient number of measuring channels to which vibration, temperature and pressure sensors are connected. Controlled parameters can be visualized, i.e. You can graphically represent the changes over different time intervals. The proposed monitoring system also provides recommendations for troubleshooting the centrifugal pumping unit according to sensor readings.

Blade redesign based on inverse design method for energy performance improvement and hydro-induced vibration suppression of a multi-stage centrifugal pump

As the urgency of the global energy crisis escalates and environmental protection standards become more stringent, the industrial sector is placing increased emphasis on enhancing energy efficiency and advancing vibration control technologies. Within this context, multi-stage centrifugal pumps (MSCPs), pivotal in energy systems, play a crucial role in influencing both system performance and environmental impact. This paper embarked on employing an inverse design method (IDM) to innovate the redesign of MSCP blades, introducing a steady-state index for characterizing the intensity of unsteady pressure fluctuations, thereby streamlining optimization costs. Optimization techniques utilizing an artificial neural network model and a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm were employed to achieve an optimal balance between maximizing energy efficiency and reducing hydro-induced vibrations. The optimized MSCP enhanced not only boosting performance but also a 2.75 % increase in weighted efficiency, significantly widening the high-efficiency operation zone. The improvement in vibration characteristics was manifested by an average reduction of more than 25 % in the amplitude of the primary frequency of pressure pulsations within the double volute, with a maximum reduction reaching 50.9 %. Furthermore, the research delved into the analysis of the internal energy dissipation mechanisms of MSCPs, drawing upon the entropy production theory and the enstrophy concept. This analysis reveals that energy dissipation in the mainstream zones is predominantly affected by shear enstrophy, whereas, in the wall regions, it is primarily governed by fluid velocity. The comprehensive performance enhancement of the optimized model is significantly credited to the refinement of the blade profile.

A Comparative Study between Theoretical and Measured Performance of Standard Centrifugal Pumps Running as Turbines

High cost of custom-made conventional turbines and the lack of local manufacturing facilities have created significant obstacles to the development of Pico/micro hydroelectric schemes in the country. In this context it has been identified pump as turbine (PAT) electric schemes can have distinct advantages over conventional turbines because pumps are manufactured locally at mass scale and available in various sizes. But not all pumps are suitable for use as PAT because they have different design details and manufacturing qualities. The performance of a pump used as a turbine is assessed based on two primary parameters: turbine mode head and flow at the Best Efficiency Point (BEP). There are various methods available in the literature for predicting PAT theoretical head and flow at BEP. These methods aim to estimate how the pump will perform when used as a turbine. Despite these prediction methods, there is a consistent deviation of approximately ±20% between the theoretical estimates and the actual measured performance. This indicates that real-world conditions and factors not accounted for in theoretical models can significantly affect the performance of PAT systems. The primary objective of the present study was to measure the deviation between the actual performance and the predicted performance of two PAT systems in terms of head and flow at BEP. This deviation was then compared to the commonly mentioned figure of ±20% in the literature. The study focused on using what it considered to be the most accurate prediction method among those presented in the literature to estimate PAT head and flow at BEP and involved running reverse, 1.1 kW, and 1.6 kW direct-drive standard centrifugal type water pumps in a test rig to measure the actual performance of the two PATs. The results of the study showed a deviation of +27% and -22% between the actual measured head and flow at BEP, and the values predicted by the theoretical method. This deviation is slightly outside the commonly mentioned range of ±20% found in the literature, but this is not expected to have a detrimental effect on the generation of electric power. This implies that, even with the observed slight deviation, the prediction method used in this study can be satisfactorily employed to estimate PAT head and flow at BEP.

Pulse Pressure and Acute Brain Injury in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Analysis.

Low pulse pressure (PP) in venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a marker of cardiac dysfunction and has been associated with acute brain injury (ABI) as continuous-flow centrifugal pump may lead to endothelial dysregulation. We retrospectively analyzed adults (≥18 years) receiving "peripheral" VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry (January 2018-July 2023). Acute brain injury (our primary outcome) included central nervous system (CNS) ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage, brain death, and seizures. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine whether PP ≤10 mm Hg was associated with ABI. Of 9,807 peripheral VA-ECMO patients (median age = 57.4 years, 67% = male), 8,294 (85%) had PP >10 mm Hg versus 1,513 (15%) had PP ≤10 mm Hg. Patients with PP ≤10 mm Hg experienced ABI more frequently versus PP >10 mm Hg (15% versus 11%, p < 0.001). After adjustment, PP ≤10 mm Hg was independently associated with ABI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.48, p = 0.01). Central nervous system ischemia and brain death were more common in patients with PP ≤10 versus PP >10 mm Hg (8% versus 6%, p = 0.008; 3% versus 1%, p < 0.001). Pulse pressure ≤10 mm Hg was associated with CNS ischemia (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.02-1.56, p = 0.03) but not intracranial hemorrhage (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.85-1.54, p = 0.38). Early low PP (≤10 mm Hg) at 24 hours of ECMO support was associated with ABI, particularly CNS ischemia, in peripheral VA-ECMO patients.

Analysis of unsteady wake flow in centrifugal pump volute by using mode decomposition method

To analyze the coherent structure of wake flow in volute and its corresponding frequency information, dynamic modal decomposition (DMD), classic and spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD), were employed to decompose the transient flow field of the centrifugal pump volute. The snapshot set was constructed by means of the velocity field data at different moments in volute based on the large eddy simulation (LES) approach. The basic principles of the DMD, POD, and SPOD methods were compared in detail, and the decomposition results of the three methods on the wake flow structure in volute were compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that DMD can decompose the wake flow into coherent structures with different frequencies, including the basic steady-state structure, the dynamic modal flow field structure characterizing rotor–stator interaction (the first three modes with frequencies of 145.81, 291.61, and 437.43 Hz, respectively), and dissipative modal flow field structure characterizing fragmentized vortex (the fourth mode with a frequency of 486.03 Hz) in the volute. The POD can decompose the wake flow into flow structures with different energy levels. The first four modal energies account for more than 66% of total energy, which represents the large-scale structure with higher energy, and its dominant frequencies correspond to the blade passing frequency (145 Hz) and its frequency multiplication (290 Hz). The SPOD can not only decompose the complex wake flow into structural features of different energy levels but also has single-frequency characteristics of its modal structures. Compared with DMD and POD methods, the SPOD has the advantages of both, and can reflect the evolution characteristics of the wake flow in the volute.