Definition Of Authenticity Research Articles

ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК МІЖ ФІНАНСОВОЮ СТІЙКІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТА ЙОГО ФІНАНСОВОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ

Various approaches to defining the terms financial stability and financial stability are considered, and their connection with the financial security of the enterprise is determined. It is emphasized that financial flexibility is a mechanism that is necessary for the adaptation of the enterprise as an open system to changes in the external environment. A structural and logical scheme was built, which reflects the relationship and interdependence between financial stability and financial security. It has been proven that to ensure stability and security at various stages, it is advisable to apply different approaches to management: adaptive, anticipatory, preventive anti-crisis management. Each of these types of management is focused on the company's response to external challenges and changes. It is noted that financial stability should be assessed in view of the state of the enterprise – whether it is operating in a normal mode or scaling up its activities. In the second case, an increase in dependence on external sources of financing is a normal phenomenon. However, this should not be seen as a threat to financial security. The author's definition of financial danger is given through the prism of the considered terms. Financial danger is such a degree of decrease in financial stability, at which the enterprise faces the threat of losing the ability to finance its activities, and with the existing ratio between its own and borrowed financial resources, it loses financial flexibility in responding to external negative influences. It is shown that in the process of researching stability and security of various systems, including enterprises, terminology is developing. In particular, "antifragility" and "resilience" can be considered new terms. Anti-fragility implies not only the system's response to external changes, but its corresponding transformation, which becomes the key to survival in changing conditions. A resilient enterprise is able to quickly adapt to external challenges, and thus more easily achieves a state of financial security.

Effective mechanism of intellectual property management in a company

The article considers the role of intellectual property (IP) system in the modern economy; defines main functions of innovations and intellectual property objects in the knowledge economy and basic properties of an innovation, such as scientific and technical novelty, industrial applicability, commercial feasibility, under interconnection with IP management. Current paper researches intellectual property objects as the results of innovation activity; reveals the main principles of effective intellectual property management and the essential elements of the effective mechanism of intellectual property management in a company under the conditions of knowledge economy. The study presents the author's definition of the term “intellectual property management”, considers the essence of effective IP management mechanism and develops the author's mechanism of intellectual property management in a company. The study substantiates that the continuous introduction of innovations and expansion of intangible assets, which occurs due to a developed intellectual property management system that ensures the protection of intellectual rights, is a strategic factor of the company's competitiveness.

Concepts and features of business scaling in the conditions of modern challenges

The article considered scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «business scaling», reflecting its various aspects. It is noted that business scaling is a strategy because it requires certain coordinated actions and is implemented when the company is ready for scaling. It is determined that it can be aimed at achieving the following goals: increasing profits, capturing the market, gaining access to investments and expanding financing, developing technologies, ensuring competitiveness, improving the image, increasing the rating and influence of the company, increasing brand awareness, etc. It is noted that the main measures to achieve these scaling goals are quantitative and (or) qualitative changes in the functioning of the company. The author's definition of this term is formulated as a flexible, agile, quickly adaptive strategy with constant improvement of business processes to achieve strategic goals. The main features of such a strategy in the conditions of modern challenges have been revealed: the increase in the scale of business does not affect costs in the same way; the increase in income occurs faster than the increase in expenses, which ensures an increase in profit, but in the first stages of the implementation of this strategy, you can face an increase in expenses without an increase in income; scaling creates additional business risks, which leads to increased costs and requires increased control over business processes, etc. The components of this strategy are determined: a high-quality and mature product, the demand for which significantly exceeds the supply, sufficient margin for all participants, reliable partners, and a clear business model based on the optimization of internal and external business processes. It is noted that the basis of effective scaling is: the introduction of innovations; improvement of the marketing component; systematic and qualitative analysis of markets, company potential and expansion opportunities. It was established that such a strategy requires: the creation of an effective and optimal organizational structure; communication systems; changes in management approaches; motivation and synchronization of the work of the project team; involvement of business development specialists; delegation of powers and management functions. It was found that business scaling in the face of modern challenges is not only a source of its growth, but thanks to the flexibility, maneuverability, and quick adaptation of this strategy, it is also a guarantee of protecting the company from adverse changes. Even if the project (business) is local, a successfully found niche will make it possible to make it large-scale.

Змістові характеристики та особливості інвестиційної привабливості роздрібної торгівлі

The article updates the issues of providing retail trade entities with investments, including in conditions of instability caused by the consequences of the full-scale war. The purpose of the study is to generalize and further develop the content characteristics and features of the investment attractiveness of the retail trade industry. The approaches of leading scientists regarding the definition of the substantive characteristics of the concept of "investment attractiveness" are summarized. The author's definition of the concept of "investment attractiveness of the retail industry" as a combination of institutional, economic, organizational, psychological and other conditions that provide incentives for increasing volumes and improving the structure of investments is substantiated and provided. It was concluded that during the formation and implementation of the State policy in this area, the peculiarities of the functioning and development of retail trade should be taken into account. The specifics of retail trade are determined in accordance with the leading macroeconomic functions of this industry – exchange of labor results for money, satisfaction of consumer needs for goods and services, impact on the balancing of the internal market and socioeconomic development, stimulation of the development of the production and consumption sectors. In accordance with the specified functions of retail trade, the features of the investment attractiveness of this branch of the national economy have been determined. Among them are the high capacity of the domestic market, developed production sector, transport and logistics infrastructure, high quality of life and purchasing power of the population, access to transport and logistics infrastructure, implementation of local economic development programs, effective economic policy of import substitution, development of local integrated systems, presence of competition and free market, cooperation of trade and subjects of the consumer services system, cooperation with the IT sector, activation of the consumer lending segment.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОЦІНКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКИХ УСТАНОВ ТА НАПРЯМІВ ЇЇ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ АТ «ОЩАДБАНК»)

Competitiveness is a category and phenomenon that attracts the attention of researchers of many directions and spheres of activity, but still has unsolved problems, mostly of applied importance. Thus, in the aspect of the activity of financial institutions, in particular banking, the issues regarding the essence of the relevant concept and the methods and approaches to its evaluation remain unresolved. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to clarify the essence of the concept of competitiveness in the financial market, to determine the directions and components of the assessment of the competitiveness of banking institutions, to consider the features of such an assessment on the example of a specific bank. To achieve the goal, a comprehensive analysis of information from open sources and mass media was carried out, methods of systematization, structural-logical generalization, matrix, expert, analytical-calculation and other methods were applied. The conducted analysis made it possible to offer an author's definition of the category "competitiveness of banking institutions", to systematize proposals and to propose a certain sequence of analysis and assessment of banks' competitiveness and the corresponding tools for such assessment. In the course of the study, the conditions for the use of analytical indices in the assessment of competitiveness were clarified, the features of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the competitiveness of banks, including the use of qualitative indicators, were determined. The result is proposals for the application of a certain algorithm for consistent and multifaceted assessment of banks' competitiveness, which allows for a more justified and systematic determination of directions for its improvement. Approbation of the proposed approach was carried out on the example of JSC "Oschadbank". The developed recommendations of a scientific, methodical and practical nature will contribute to increasing the objectivity of assessing the competitiveness of banking institutions and finding directions for its improvement, taking into account the peculiarities and specifics of banks' activities.

Определение параметров агент-ориентированной модели резильентного управления промышленностью России

The purpose of the work is to establish the parameters of an agent-based model of the industrial complex of the Russian Federation for resilient management of its functioning. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were completed. A theoretical basis for the main provisions of the study is given. The author's definition of industry resilience is proposed. Analyzed crisis periods in the development of the Russian economy (1998, 2008, 2014-15, 2020, 2022) and the features of industrial development during these periods were clarified. The stages of crisis periods in the development of Russian industry over the past decades have been identified. The parameters of the industrial system that respond to shock fluctuations of crises and control indicators have been established. A spectral analysis was performed to assess the adequacy of the response of the phase vector parameters to shock fluctuations of crisis phenomena. Regression equations were constructed to identify the parameters of the model of resilient industrial management in Russia. The quality of the equations was assessed. The possibility of their use for estimating control system parameters and making forecasts is substantiated. The resulting statistical models can be used to build an agent-oriented model of the Russian industrial resilient management.

The essence and classification of innovations of trade enterprises

The article considered scientific approaches to interpreting the concept of «trade innovation» or «innovation in trade», reflecting its various aspects. It is proposed, given the need for practical application, to use this term in the real sense (as an object). The author's definition of this term has been formulated, taking into account the peculiarities of trade activity, which makes it possible to more fully take into account its components and purpose. Specific features of trade innovations that distinguish them from production and other innovations have been identified: components, goals, mechanisms, spheres, approaches, and directions. It is noted that in order to ensure the innovation process, it is necessary to implement quality management mechanisms for the provision of trade services and the promotion of goods on the market. Three subjects take part in the innovation process: the donor, who generates innovative ideas, develops innovative techniques and technologies and creates information products; a catalyst that provides support for the diffusion of innovation; and a recipient who implements innovation in his own economic activity (trading enterprises). In order for trade innovations to be implemented in practice, it is necessary to ensure: the search for innovative ideas, the development of innovative products, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of use. It is noted that the novelty of the innovation, its application (technical, technological, organizational aspects) and commercialization (financial and economic aspects), which is mandatory, are equally important for trade innovations. It has been established that the efficiency of innovation implementation depends on the level of receptivity of the commercial enterprise to innovative changes and the availability of opportunities for their implementation. Within the scope of innovative development, the trade enterprise uses: object (introduction of new equipment, technologies) and process approaches (new forms and types of trade). It is noted that in trade, unlike other industries, innovations arise due to changes in consumer needs, and not as a result of scientific and technological progress. However, this industry can adopt innovations created in other industries (in particular, industry) by adapting them. Special attention should be paid to the creation, maintenance and improvement of the brand in ensuring the innovative activity of the trading company. A classification of trade innovations has been developed, which considers the classification criteria in terms of the spheres of origin, implementation, impact and consequences. This makes it possible to comprehensively characterize the types of innovation based on the selection of the main classification features.

THE CONCEPT OF «MEDIA DESIGN» IN SCIENTIFIC AND DICTIONARY DISCOURSES (material for the dictionary article of the electronic educational resource «Lexical Minimum of Mеdia Scientist»)

The active usage of the concept of «media design» in the modern information space highlights the problem of its definition and lexicographical fixation. Among various types of dictionaries, consolidated ones are singled out. Special attention is drawn to those in which definitions of field concepts or philological interpretations of specific terms that denote them are gathered through information search methods and are compiled and ordered from scientific and lexicographical works. The article analyzes the main features and definitions of the concept of «media design» as documented in scientific and lexicographical works and reference sources. The specifics of the functioning of the corresponding term, its origin, and use in professional texts are revealed. The method of systematization and comparison of the collected material helped identify contextual synonyms used by design professionals. Through definitive analysis, the main features of the concept of «media design» are clarified, and its definition is proposed. The application of data visualization method enabled the creation of a presentation and video clip for a visual representation of information about media design and related concepts. The inventoried material has been adapted for a dictionary article in the electronic educational resource (EER) «Lexical Minimum of Mеdia Scientist» (as one of the research areas of the collective topic «Media Studies in Scientific and Educational Discourses»), which is being developed and filled by faculty members and students of the Faculty of Journalism at the Boris Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. According to the developed template of the dictionary article, the primary data were systematized, unified and converted to EER. The author's definitions of the concept of «media design» form five vectors of relations (three vectors of systemic and two vectors of non-systemic relations) through which scholars interpret the analyzed concept, requiring standardization and lexicographical fixation in dictionaries.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИМИ ВИТРАТАМИ ТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines the problems of forming and improving the logistics cost management system of trade enterprises to increase their competitiveness in conditions of uncertainty. The interpretation of the concepts of "cost management" and "logistics cost management" in the works of domestic scientists during the last two decades was studied. The author's definition of the researched concept is proposed, namely "logistics cost management is a continuous process of purposeful formation of the optimal level of logistics costs of a trade enterprise, which involves their planning, accounting, control, analysis and management decision-making". The basic aspects of the formation of the logistics cost management system were studied: principles, tasks, concepts and methods of management. The main principles of logistics cost management of trade enterprises are determined, the observance of which will increase the efficiency of the logistics cost management system, namely: the principle of continuity, the principle of keeping separate records of logistics costs, the principle of flexibility, the principle of efficiency, the principle of identification of logistics costs, the principle of complexity, the principle of scientificity, the principle objectivity, the principle of efficiency, the principle of systematicity. Based on methodological principles and principles, the main tasks of managing logistics costs of trade enterprises were formed and the specifics of logistics processes and costs for their implementation were determined. In order to identify, record, control, analyze and evaluate the logistics costs of trade enterprises, it is proposed to classify them in order to improve the logistics activities of the enterprise and reflect them in accounting. It is substantiated that further scientific research on the improvement of the logistics cost management system should be aimed at developing a methodology for identifying reserves of resource savings by planning logistics costs, accounting, internal control and analysis by responsibility centers, stimulating resource conservation and reducing costs in order to increase the efficiency of the trading company.

КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ТА ФАКТОРИ, ЩО ЇЇ ФОРМУЮТЬ

The article investigates and substantiates the theoretical aspects of the essence of competitiveness and the study of internal and external environment factors that affect the competitiveness of an enterprise in market conditions. On the basis of theoretical studies, the author summarizes some of the author's definitions of the concept of “enterprise competitiveness”. It has been determined that the competitiveness of enterprise is characterized by its ability and efficiency to adapt to the conditions of the competitive environment. The features that characterize the competitiveness of an enterprise include: comparability, spatiality, dynamism, objectivity, attributability, systematicity, objectivity. Observance of these characteristics is a prerequisite for conducting analytical research, a key to solving problems and achieving the company's goals. It is proposed to use the modified classification of factors of competitiveness of a firm proposed by O. Kuzmin, which provides for the allocation of the following criterion (integral) groups of factors: environment of the firm's functioning; substantive characteristics; level of regulation of factors. The environmental factors are reasonably divided into direct factors that have a direct impact on competitiveness and indirect factors that have an indirect impact through direct factors. An analysis of the impact of external and internal factors on the company's competitiveness helps to reduce uncertainty and risks in the company's production and sales process, improve the quality of strategic planning and forecasting of the company's production and sales activities, increase the competitiveness of the company and its products, maintain the company's competitive position and increase its market share. The importance of certain substantive factors of competitiveness may vary depending on a number of objective factors, such as the purchasing power of the population, changes in regulation and taxation, market conditions, etc.

Институт обязательных требований как мера защиты публичных и частноправовых интересов

The right to engage in entrepreneurial and other economic activities is an inalienable constitutional right, the exercise of which should not violate the rights and freedoms of others. The federal legislator has the right to establish conditions for the implementation of entrepreneurial activities aimed at coordinating private economic initiatives with the interests of other persons and society as a whole. Among the conditions for carrying out entrepreneurial activity are mandatory requirements, which are covered by the Federal Law of July 31, 2020. No. 247-FZ "On Mandatory Requirements in the Russian Federation". In the legal literature, the issue of the types of normative legal acts in which mandatory requirements for entrepreneurial activity can be fixed is debatable. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the author concludes about the types of such acts. In the doctrine, a number of authors consider the institution of mandatory requirements as a measure to protect public interests and refer it to administrative law. The article refutes this thesis and proves that this institution is simultaneously aimed at protecting the private legal interests of third parties and the economic interests of entities engaged in entrepreneurial and other economic activities. This conclusion is made on the basis of an analysis of the principles, as well as the conditions for establishing mandatory requirements for entrepreneurial activity. In addition, in the article, the author draws attention to a very general definition of mandatory requirements, which does not meet the principle of certainty; taking into account the content of Federal Law No. 247, he formulated the author's definition of mandatory requirements. Mandatory requirements – these are the requirements contained in regulatory legal acts that are related to the implementation of entrepreneurial and other economic activities, including conditions, restrictions, prohibitions, duties, persons obliged to comply with them, objects of establishing mandatory requirements, forms of assessing compliance with mandatory requirements (state control (supervision), municipal control, bringing to administrative responsibility, providing licenses and other permits, accreditation, product conformity assessment, other forms of assessment and expertise), and which are established solely for the purpose of protecting life, human health, morality, the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations, non-harm (damage) to animals, plants, the environment, national defense and state security, cultural heritage sites, and the protection of other legally protected values.

ПРАВОВА СЕМАНТИКА ПОНЯТТЯ “ЦИФРОВЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ”

Background. The article conducts scientific exploration of the legal foundations of the world of the digital environment as a certain system of interconnections of its elements. Methods. Problems of a methodological nature are raised, in particular, issues of legal semantics of the digital environment. The questions of the legal nature of the digital environment and its components are touched upon. Results. The appeal to theoretical problems of the concept of the digital environment is caused by the desire to explore the direction in which modern jurisprudence is developing on the way of regulating modern relations in the IT sphere. The emphasis is on the methodology for defining the concept of the digital environment. Issues of human interaction with elements of the digital environment and legal aspects of regulation of private legal relations related to the circulation of digital things and the provision of digital services are disclosed. Сonclusions. The concept of "environment" is defined in its objective and subjective sense. The formation of the digital environment is proposed to be considered according to the three-level criterion: pre-convention, convention, post-convention. Analyzing the elements of the digital environment, it is indicated that not only digital things, but also certain technological systems are its components. It is proposed to consider the elements of the digital environment in their narrow and broad sense. The article provides the author's definition of the concept of "digital environment".

TERMS FOR MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS IN THE DRAFT LAW OF UKRAINE "ON SAFETY AND HEALTH OF EMPLOYEES AT WORK"

Consider the requirements of international regulatory acts regarding the management of occupational risks in occupational health and safety systems (hereinafter referred to as OHSS) and determine their compliance with the draft Law on "Safety and Health of Workers at Work". To achieve this goal, the comparative legal method was used, which is the basis of the unification and harmonization of law through international treaties, as well as the method of interdisciplinary synthesis, which made it possible to reveal data on the structural properties of objects of different terms. The requirements of the main documents on risk management in the field of PPE for the draft Law on "Safety and Health of Employees at Work" were analyzed. It was determined that the guiding principles of occupational safety and health management systems - ILO-OSH 2001 (ILO-OSH 2001) have the greatest influence on the development of the draft law. The second edition, 2009, which led to the use of outdated terms, since a significant proportion of Ukrainian enterprises are certified for compliance with the requirements of the ISO 45001:2018 standard or work in accordance with its requirements and, accordingly, use the terms, definitions and methods of occupational risk management set out in this standard . It is proposed to replace the terms and phrases related to the management of occupational risks in the draft Law on "Safety and Health of Workers at Work" based on the requirements of international and domestic regulatory acts in the field of occupational safety and occupational health. In particular, use the words effectiveness instead of efficiency, elimination of danger instead of elimination of risk, prevention of incident instead of prevention of risk. The scientific novelty consists in the substantiation of the terminology related to the provision of risk management, namely, the author's definition of the terms precautionary measures and acceptable risk is provided. Recommendations have been developed for the replacement of terms, phrases and expressions in the text of the draft Law on "Safety and Health of Workers at Work". In particular, "minimization of occupational hazards" to "reduction of the number of occupational hazards, dangerous occupational factors and harmful occupational factors."

ОСНОВЫ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫМ ЦИКЛОМ СОЕВЫХ БОБОВ И ПРОДУКТОВ ИХ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ В СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ЗОНАХ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ

The article discusses the goals and objectives of the production cycle management system for soybeans and soy processed products. The analysis of statistical data on gross harvests, yields and acreage for soybeans was carried out. The author's definition of high-tech zones for the production of soybeans and soy processed products is given and three high-tech zones are identified: Central, Southern, Far Eastern. The importance of the production of soybeans and their processed products from the point of view of nutritional value and food security is substantiated. There is a high potential for expanding the production of soybeans and their export.

СУВЕРЕННАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА КАК ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА: СУЩНОСТЬ, ПРИНЦИПЫ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ

The Russian economy is currently facing serious challenges due to the complex geopolitical and geo-economic situation in the world. We can talk about a period of strong economic and political turbulence, which radically changed the views of scientists and practitioners on approaches to the development of the Russian economy. In this situation, the issues of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation and the formation of its economic sovereignty are of particular relevance. The relevance and novelty of the topic of the article is also confirmed by the insufficient study of the problems of the formation of the sovereign economy as an economic system in relation to Russian reality. The purpose of writing this article is to study the concept of economic sovereignty.
 The article reveals the essence of the sovereign economy as an economic system, provides the author's definition of the concept of “sovereign economy”. The article also discusses the principles of building a sovereign economy and the prospects for its formation in Russia.

О ПОДХОДАХ К ПОСТРОЕНИЮ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВОМ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ

One of the problems of the country's investment and construction sector is the problem of creating a transparent system for quality control of a construction project. The existing quality control system in construction, based on documenting the quality of material and technical resources and the production of work at each stage of the technological process of creating a construction project (construction control), does not provide holistic, transparent, information protected from unauthorized changes , available to all construction participants and end consumers. The article presents one of the possible approaches to designing the architecture of a logistics quality management system in construction with the integration of all necessary information in an information document called a quality passport of the finished construction project. The structure of the passport is proposed, built on the principle of forming a supply chain of material and technical resources (primarily construction materials), starting from a quarry for the extraction of non-metallic building materials and ending with the implementation of a set of technologically interrelated works for the construction of an object on a construction site. The author's definition of the quality certificate of a construction project is formulated. The instrumental support for the proposed architecture of the logistics system can be the Blockchain technology platform, which most fully meets the requirements for the preparation, integration and presentation of information about the quality of a construction project, the elements of which (quality) are formed along the technological supply chain of material and technical resources for construction throughout their movement from the primary source of their occurrence (for example, pre-production) to their installation at the construction site. Blockchain technology will ensure the receipt of reliable and undistorted information about the quality of materials used in construction for any reason, the safety of data on the quality of resources, and the use of quality information for all interested participants in the investment and construction process.

The structure of criminal procedural proving in court proceedings in the first instance

In the article the author emphasizes that the process of proving during the pre-trial investigation and in the court proceedings is significantly different, which is naturally determined by the tasks, conditions, and features of these stages of the process. Proving at the stage of pre-trial investigation is characterized by practical activities aimed at actively searching for factual data, while in court proceedings the emphasis shifts to logical and mental activities related to their research, arguments, persuasion, and justification of decisions. The article supports the concept of distinguishing pretrial and judicial evidence, as they are formed in different procedural conditions. It is proposed to distinguish four elements in the structure of criminal procedural proving in court proceedings in the first instance: 1) formation of evidence; 2) research of evidence; 3) evaluation of evidence; 4) use of evidence. The organizing role in the formation of the evidence base is played by the court, which must ensure the opportunity for the parties of criminal proceedings, other participants to submit materials that have evidentiary value, to submit a request to summon persons to a court session for questioning, to perform other procedural actions. The opinion is supported that the formation of criminal proceedings materials (evidence base) should be carried out in preparatory proceedings. It has been established that not every proceeding carries out an research of evidence - it is absent in the case when the court recognizes the inexpediency of the research of evidence regarding circumstances that are not disputed by anyone, simplified proceedings regarding criminal misdemeanours and proceedings based on agreements. Participants of criminal proceedings use evidence in different ways: the parties and other participants of the proceedings use evidence to justify their legal position both in the proceedings as a whole and in relation to individual issues to be resolved; the court puts them in the basis of the court decision, justifying it. In view of the proposed structure, the author's definition of criminal procedural proving in court proceedings in the first instance is presented.

Doctrinal approach to the concept of the legal nature of the ecological state

The article examines the legal nature of the ecological state based on the analysis of foreign and national legislation.
 Attention is drawn to the fact that the term "ecological state” in various scientific literature is used in such meanings as "green state”, "eco­state”, "eco-centric state”, "ecologically oriented state”, "ecological state of social justice”, etc.
 The normative consolidation of the concept of "ecological state” in foreign countries was analyzed, the scientific literature, and using the systematic method of research, it is necessary to determine several directions of understanding of the "ecological state”. First, the concept of "ecological state” is widely used in foreign countries to describe political and socio-economic systems aimed at protecting the environment and natural resources. These concepts define the state's approach to environmental issues and often indicate that environmental issues are a priority for the government and citizens. Secondly, the "ecological state” must be understood as a system of legal regulation aimed at ensuring ecologically sustainable development through environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Third, as a system of government bodies, which includes various structures and institutions responsible for the development, implementation and control of environmental policy.
 The features that determine its essence and content of an ecological state are summarized, namely: strict compliance with environmental legislation; supporting sustainable development and promoting the use of renewable energy sources; broad powers of environmental protection authorities; preservation of biodiversity; public participation and transparency; provision of environmental education and formation of citizens' eco-awareness; international cooperation in the field of environmental protection, etc.
 The author's definition of an ecological state is provided.

Organizational and Economic Aspects of Agrarian Tourism Activity Management in Uzbekistan: Analysis, Changes, And Prospects

Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to investigate the organizational and economic facets associated with the management of agricultural tourism in Uzbekistan. The focus is on understanding the potential for the rapid development of the country's economy through the promotion of agricultural tourism activities.
 
 Methods: The study engages in theoretical research, culminating in the development of an author's definition of agricultural tourism. This definition is crafted by synthesizing insights from both foreign and local scholars. The research employs a multifactor econometric analysis, utilizing multifactorial production functions and related functions, to examine the factors influencing the development of agrarian tourism. The chosen objects of observation are tourist enterprises in Fergana and Tashkent regions engaged in agrarian tourism, with financial and economic data being key components of the analysis. Additionally, econometric models are formulated to depict changes in income volume from agrarian tourism services, based on multi-factor linkages, and medium-term forecast indicators are established.
 
 Results: The article presents the findings of the analysis of 19 administrative-territorial units in the Fergana region, evaluating the existing conditions and resource potential for the development of agrarian tourism activities. Integrated indicators, reflecting the overall potential for each region, are determined through the integration of various parameters. The article employs the Sterjess formula to group these integrated indicators, leading to the categorization of regions into four zones concerning the development of agricultural tourism activities.
 
 Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive research conducted, the article concludes with practical proposals and recommendations. These are aimed at fostering the development of agrarian tourism activity in Uzbekistan and enhancing the overall efficiency of activity management in this sector. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of leveraging the identified zones for targeted strategies to maximize the economic benefits of agricultural tourism in the country.

Theoretical aspects of the innovative tourism development

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that today innovation is necessary in many areas, including tourism. The developing tourism industry needs to find new approaches to increase its competitiveness. The ability to interest tourists in their activities is a guarantee of stable income and business development, which is also facilitated by innovations that will distinguish the company from others. The scale and dynamics of changes in innovation activities have determined the need for research, systematization and streamlining of scientific knowledge and approaches in this area. Thus, the object of the study was innovative processes in tourism. The purpose of the work is to reveal the essence and significance of innovative tourism. To do this, the article carried out a comprehensive analysis of existing approaches to the definition of the terms innovation, innovation, innovation process, innovation in the tourism industry. The scientific and practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used by scientists and students involved in research on the problem, tourism companies to develop and implement plans for the introduction of innovative products and services, as well as state and local executive bodies to develop strategic and tactical plans. development of the tourism industry in Kazakhstan. The study is based on the methods of theoretical analysis: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The study revealed the main features of innovation in the tourism industry. The result of the analysis was the author's definition of innovative tourism.