Activity Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Research Articles

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Potential of Stem Bark of Neolamarckia cadamba against Chloroform and Over dose of Iron Dextran Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract: Background: In general, use of herbal medicines are considered as the backbone in traditional system of medicines as it has been used for food, flavoring agents and in the form of medicines. Keeping in knowledge the increasing demand of herbal drugs over their synthetic counter parts and to restrain the worldwide problem of multidrug resistance (MDR) in hepatoprotective activity. Neolamarckia cadamba that is commonly called Cadamb is a standout amongst the most significant therapeutic plants having a place with the Rubiaceae family. It is one of such Ayurvedic cure that has been referenced in numerous Indian restorative written works. The arrangement of work includes gathering and confirmation of stem bark of cadamb plant pursued by shade drying, granulating, and extraction by two-fold cool maceration, phytochemical examination lastly screening of pharmacological exercises as expressed. Aim: The present study was carried out to establish hepatoprotective activity of hydro alcoholic extract of stem bark of Neolamarckia cadamba by using two established hepatotoxic screening models in Swiss albino mice (chloroform induced hepatotoxicity and iron over dose induced hepatotoxicity). Materials and Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of Neolamarckia cadamba was screened by hydro alcoholic extract of stem bark of Neolamarckia cadamba (NCHAE). The experimental animals were treated with corn oil and chloroform for a period of 7 days at a dose of 0.75mg/kg body weight, p.o to induce hepatotoxicity. In the second experimental model over dose of iron dextran induced hepatic damage was performed by administering 100 mg/kg, i.p.upto7 days, 3 consecutive periods. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in liver was also performed. Silymarin (50 mg/kg; body weight) was used as standard referral of hepatoprotective agent. Results: Chloroform and iron over dose treatment were induced higher levels of liver marker enzymes and showed damage of hepatocytes. In histopathological findings there were significant opposed treatment with Neolamarckia cadamba dose dependently. The results indicated that biochemical changes produced by both the hepatotoxicity models were restored to normal by NCHAE. In the present study, the results of NCHAE was found significant hepatoprotective effect (***p<0.01) against both the inducing agents, which was indicated by the enhancement in biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of NCHAE against the chloroform induced hepatotoxicity and iron over dose induced hepatotoxicity models and the activity is likely related to its potent antioxidant and ironchelating property. NCHAE therefore needs to be for further in-deep studies to correlate its bioactive constituents responsible for the pharmacological activity selected. Key words: Hepatoprotective, Neolamarckia cadamba, Chloroform, Iron dextran, Hepatotoxicity.

Preclinical evaluation of analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: Pain is the most common symptom in various pathological conditions requiring appropriate treatment with analgesics. Use of analgesics is limited by various adverse drug effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of C. pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 Wistar albino rats and was divided into five groups each of six rats. Group-I (Sterile water-equivalent volume/po), Group-II Morphine (5 mg/kg/ip), Group-III CPHAE (200 mg/kg/po), Group-IV CPHAE (400 mg/kg/po), and Group-V Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg/po). All the rats were administered respective drugs before starting of 30 min of experiment. Central analgesic (Tail clip and hot plate) and peripheral analgesic (Writhing test) methods were used to evaluate the analgesic activity. The data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Group-II, III, IV and V showed significant analgesic activity compared to Group-I in both central and peripheral animal models. Group-II showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in the central analgesic activity. Group-V showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in peripheral analgesic activity. Group-IV showed significant effect compared to Group-III. Conclusion: High dose of (400 mg/kg) C. pictus plant extract showed significant analgesic activity in the central and peripheral animal models compared to low dose.

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies on the Aerial Parts Extracts of Crinum latifolium L. (Amaryllidaceae)

The present study was undertaken to find the antimicrobial activities, phytochemical presence in various aerial parts extract of Crinum latifolium (C. latifolium). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent, aluminium chloride and bromocresol green method respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was done by well diffusion assay method against S. mutans and S. bongori using standard ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (10-30μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in term of millimeter (mm). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids ect. The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts against all microorganisms was concentration dependent manner but less than standard drug. It is concluded that the antimicrobial activity showed by the plant is due to the presence of these phytochemicals. For future studies, phytochemcials responsible for these activities can be isolated and modified for pharmacological purpose.

Nutrient and Anti-diabetic Activity of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum Leaf Extract on Allaxon Induced Diabetic Rat

Azadirecta indica (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant, commonly known as ‘Neem’ and distributed randomly in the whole of India. Corriandrum sativum belongs to the family of Apiaceae was considered to be native from Asia and Africa and known locally in Sudan as Kazbra. Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum extract have been studied for therapeutic possessions. The nutrient parameters and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis in the leaves of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum were studied and also the antihyperglycemic activity of hydro alcoholic extract. An acute oral toxicity study was carried out in healthy male Wister rats (100 g). Diabetic rats were orally and daily administrated of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of A. indica and C. sativum at the different doses (200-400 mg/kg. b.w) with anti-diabetic reference drug (metformin). After 21st days of treatment, level of blood glucose, as well as Albumin, Protein, Creatinine, Urea and Uric acid were significantly decreased when compared with the diabetic control. These plant fruit extract will be subjected for further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for against antidiabetic. Ethanol leaf extract of Azadirecta indica effect was confirmed minerals such as sodium (Na), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co) and iorn (Fe) were decreases of the respect of Corriandrum sativum. The results was indicated that the hydro alcoholic extract from leaves of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum showed the reduced blood glucose and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of Azadirecta indica and Corriandrum sativum leaf compared to diabetic control rats. These observed strongly suggest that hydro alcoholic extract could act as a source of functional compounds for the control of diabetes mellitus.

Mushroom extract of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Sf. Gray as biopesticide: Antifungal activity and toxicological analysis

ABSTRACT Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey is a plant pathogenic fungus that infects stone fruits such as peach, nectarine and plum, which are high demand cultivars found in Brazil. This pathogen may remain latent in the host, showing no apparent signs of disease, and consequently may spread to different countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of hydroalcoholic extract (HydE) obtained from Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Sf. Gray a mushroom, against M. fructicola phytopathogenic-induced mycelial growth. In addition, the purpose of this study was to examine phytotoxicity attributed to HydE using Brassica oleracea seeds, as well as cytotoxic analysis of this extract on cells of mouse BALB/c monocyte macrophage cell line (J774A.1 cell line) (ATCC TIB-67). The L. deliciosus HydE inhibited fungal growth and reduced phytopathogen mycelial development at a concentration of 1.25 mg/ml. Our results demonstrated that the extract exhibited phytotoxicity as evidenced by (1) interference on germination percentage and rate index, (2) decreased root and initial growth measures, and (3) lower fresh weight of seedlings but no cytotoxicity in Vero cell lines. Data suggest that the use of the L. deliciosus extracts may be beneficial for fungal control without any apparent adverse actions on mouse BALB/c monocyte macrophage cell line (J774A.1 cell line) viability.

Larvicidal activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Persea americana Mill. Seeds against Aedes aegypti

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of hydroalcoholic extracts from the seeds of Persea americana (avocado) and evaluate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The extracts were obtained by maceration in a 70% PA ethanol extractant solvent in 1:4/1:6/1:8 hydromodules (7 days), with subsequent concentration in a rotaevaporator. The larvicidal activity was performed by the method recommended by the WHO Lethal Concentration 50% against Aedes aegypti larvae with statistics by the Probit method. Toxicity to non-target organisms was verified by the Artemia salina test. Activity was observed against Aedes aegypti larvae with LC50 ranging from 181.72-401.96 mg L-1 with a 95% confidence interval. Finally, it states that the extract of P. americana has potential for larvicidal activity and does not present toxicity to target organisms, showing itself to be a sustainable alternative for the control and combat of Aedes aegypti larvae.

Anti-depressant, Anxiolytic, and the Muscle Relaxant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cissampelos pareira Linn. Leaves.

The ethnopharmacological relevance suggests that the ethnic minorities of India use leaves of Cissampelos pareira L. as a traditional medicine for curing various psychopharmacological disorders. To evaluate anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira. Leaves of Cissampelos pareira were extracted using a hydro-alcoholic solvent. The safety of hydro-alcoholic extract of Cissampelos pareira was assessed by acute oral toxicity (OECD 423). The anti-depressant activity was measured using open field test, locomotor test, despair swim test, tail suspension test. The anxiolytic activity was assessed using elevated plus maze and hole board test, and skeletal muscle relaxant activity was assessed using rotarod, grip strength, chimney, and inclined plane test. No moribund status or mortality was observed in experimental mice up to 2000 mg/kg dose of Cissampelos pareira hydro-alcoholic extract (CPHE). In the open field and actophotometer tests, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly abridged ambulation, number of central squares crossed, total locomotion, and depicted less coordinated movements, and in despair swim and tail suspension tests, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice significantly decreased duration of immobility and increased number of climbing, confirming its anti-depressant effect. In an elevated plus-maze test, CPHE 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the open arm exploration, while in the hole board test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated rats augmented the number of head dips, depicting its anxiolytic effect. In rotarod, grip strength, and inclined plane test, CPHE 400 mg/kg treated mice decreased the fall-off time on a rotating rod, suspended wire, or inclined plane. Furthermore, in the chimney test, treatment with CPHE 400 depicted less coordinated movements in mice; the mice of this group took more time to leave the cylinder, depicting its skeletal muscle relaxant effect. Based on the results, of this study, it can be concluded that CPHE 400 mg/kg exhibits strong anti-depressant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects, justifying its traditional uses.

Anti-Hypertensive Activity of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of Cìraka Cūraṇam on High Salt Loaded Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Hypertension is called as Silent killer. The most important risk factor for heart diseases and stroke and it may leads to premature death. Several medicinal plants have high effective in anti-hypertensive and anti-thrombotic activity without any side effects. Aim: To evaluate the anti-hypertensive activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Cìraka cūraṇam on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt induced wistar albino rats. Study design: Observational in-vivo study Place and duration of study: Animal house, Dept. of Pharmacology, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputtur,Tamilnadu. Materials and methods: Antihypertensive activity was conducted on wistar albino rats by determining serum Sodium and Potassium levels by using semi auto analyzer (RA-50, Bayer Diagnostics), using specific kits (Auto span, India) at 500 and 550 nm respectively and left carotid artery (for recording BP) was cannulated under aseptic conditions with polyethylene cannula filled with 1% heparin in normal saline. Rest procedure, which was stated under the 2K1C-model was followed and BP was observed in terms of mm of Hg. Results: The Cìraka cūraṇam possesses strong antihypertensive effect against DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, which is evidenced by a considerable decrease in blood pressures. Keywords: Anti-hypertensive activity, Cìraka cūraṇam, Wistar albino rats, Deoxycorticosterone acetate.

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Justicia procumbans leaf

Objective: To perform Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of hydroalcoholic extract Justicia procumbans leaf. Methods: Proximate analysis in terms of ash value, extractive value was performed as per the standard method. Presence of secondary metabolites in the extract of Justicia procumbans was performed through various chemical tests. Folin-Ciocalteu assay method was used to determine total phenolic content and the in-vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging method. Results: Present studies revealed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of leaf contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, and tannins. Total phenolic content was found to be 79.32±0.02 mg/gm by using the Linear Equation. IC50 value by DPPH and H2O2 methods was found to be 68.83µg/ml and 56.02 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: It has been observed that the plant has high phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore his plant can be the potent source of natural antioxidants as compared to synthetic compounds.

ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS ROXBURGHIANUS NEVSKI HYDROALCOHOLIC AREAL PLANT EXTRACT IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC MODELS IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Objective: Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski aerial parts in albino Wistar rats.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A. roxburghianus dried aerial parts were extracted with ethyl alcohol: water (70:30) ratio, respectively, by the hot Soxhlet method. Hydroalcoholic A. roxburghianus extract (HARE) was further concentrated to obtain a semisolid residue. Two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of HARE were tested against formaldehyde-induced acute non-immunological and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino Wistar rats. Arthritis assessment was done by morphological studies (paw volume, paw diameter, and body wt.) and hematological parameters radiological, histopathological, and organ wt. studies were also done on the 28th day after animals were sacrificed.&#x0D; Results: Dose-dependent and significant inhibition of edema were observed in both acute as well as chronic models. The extract at dose 400 mg/kg showed most potent and significant (p&lt;0.05) paw edema inhibition which is supported by the results of paw volume and diameter, hematological parameters, in FCA-induced arthritis model. Treatment with HARE also decreased the histopathological alterations induced by FCA model.&#x0D; Conclusion: HARE protects synovial membrane by improving the health status exhibits promising anti-arthritic activity. This finding thus supports the traditional use of A. roxburghianus for arthritis. However, further studies are needed to carry out the isolation of active constituents of the fraction responsible for the activity.

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Antioxidant Activities of Five Cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. From Isparta, Turkey

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and impairment of language. Alzheimer's disease is strongly associated with oxidative stress and impairment in the cholinergic pathway, which results in decreased levels of acetylcholine in certain areas of the brain. Hence, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity has been recognized as an acceptable treatment against Alzheimer's disease. Nature provides an array of bioactive compounds, which may protect against free radical damage and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study compares the in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five cultivars of Rosa Damascena Mill. petals (R. damascena 'Bulgarica', R. damascena 'Faik', R. damascena 'Iranica', R. damascena 'Complex-635' and R. damascena 'Complex-637') from Isparta, Turkey. The antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts were tested for ferric ion reduction and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was also evaluated. All rose cultivars showed a high potency for scavenging free radical and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among cultivars, Complex-635 showed the highest inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 3.92 µg/mL. Our results suggest that all these extracts may have the potential to treat Alzheimer's disease with Complex-635 showing more promise.

Antidiabetic activity of Carallia brachiata Lour. leaves hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) with antioxidant potential in diabetic rats

Ethnomedicinal surveys have documented the traditional use of Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merill (Rhizophoraceae) leaves in the management of diabetes mellitus in the Northeastern region of India. This study screens the hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of C. brachiata leaves for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The HAE was prepared using ethanol:water (7:3) by cold maceration method. The antidiabetic activity of HAE was evaluated in vivo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at the doses of 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The extract was also evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. Results revealed that HAE of C. brachiata leaves possesses good hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic activity of HAE was found significant as compared to normal rats. Results of antioxidant activity were found statistically significant compared to standard drugs, quercetin and gallic acid. Results indicated a possible role of the HAE of C. brachiata leaves as herbal antioxidants in the prevention and/ or treatment of oxidative stress-induced diabetes. Results suggested that antioxidant plant phenolics/ flavonoids might be responsible for the antidiabetic efficacy of HAE. Further research can be undertaken on the HAE of C. brachiata leaves for exploration of biochemical mechanisms of antidiabetic action with the isolation of bioactive flavonoids having antidiabetic potential.

EVALUATION OF ANTIPARKINSONIAN ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF VIGNA ACONITIFOLIA IN WISTAR ALBINO RAT

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vigna aconitifolia (HEVA) in Wistar albino rat.&#x0D; Methods: In rats, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (4 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (4 mg/kg) and HEVA at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes. Assay of dopamine and catalase was also carried out to assess biochemical parameters.&#x0D; Results: Bromocriptine and HEVA-treated groups showed a significant difference in behavioral and biochemical parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in the experimental models.&#x0D; Conclusion: Vigna aconitifolia seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model.

Antifungal Activity of Crude Extract from the Rhizome and Root of Smilacina japonica A. Gray.

This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Smilacina japonica A. Gray (SJA) against different fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for SJA was determined by the broth microdilution method. The antifungal effects of SJA against Candida albicans were further confirmed by cell growth test and time-kill curve test. The effects of SJA on the fungal morphology and ultrastructure were also evaluated. SJA has a broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The MICs of SJA against different fungi, including fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant Candida albicans, other Candida species, and Cryptococcus neoformans, ranged from 208 μg/ml to 1665 μg/ml. Furthermore, SJA displayed fungicidal activity against varied fungi and obviously inhibited the hyphal growth of fungi. The mechanism study revealed that the antifungal activity of SJA might be associated with its effect on the cell morphology and ultrastructure.

ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF PIPER BETLE LEAF ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Objective: The main objective of this study is to establish the anti-ulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betle leaf on experimental animals based on previously existing aspects such as antioxidant, antihistaminic, and antimicrobial properties of P. betle leaf.&#x0D; Methods: The leaves were collected, shed dried, and extracted by the Soxhlet apparatus using 70% ethanol. The anti-ulcer activity of the extract was evaluated in albino Wistar rats employing pyloric ligation and stress-induced antiulcer models. Ranitidine was served as a standard drug in both the models. The significance of activity was assessed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post-parametric test.&#x0D; Results: In the pyloric ligation model, the untreated control has shown 4.3 mEq/l of acidity, whereas the ranitidine-treated standard group shown 2 mEq/l and P. betle has shown 2.5 mEq/l acidity, respectively. In the stress-induced antiulcer model, the activity was more prominent, in the untreated control, there was 26 number of sores present, whereas the standard group showed only one number of ulcer sore, and in the P. betle treated group, there was four number of ulcer sores present.&#x0D; Conclusion: In the present study, P. betle exhibited potent antiulcer potential while compared with the untreated control and the activity is comparable with standard ranitidine. From the above findings, it can correlate the use of betel leaf as a digesting or gastroprotective agent.

A PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Introduction: Calendula officinalis is one of those plants which have medicinal importance due to its flowers has pharmacological activity the important pharmacological parameters have been less investigated properly and can be scientifically proved by reverse pharmacology. It was found of interest to evaluate these properties of extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis scientifically in experimental models.&#x0D; Methods: Study was conducted in Albino Wistar rats.Fresh Calendula officinalis flowers were collected, extraction and drug formulation was made. Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis (HECO) flowers was studied in the Carrageenan induced paw edema model &amp; Cotton pellet induced granuloma models The differences between experimental groups were compared by ANOVA followed by Students “t” unpaired test.&#x0D; Results: The Calendula officinalis extract of flowers at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant and highly significant inhibition (p&lt; 0.05 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) of paw edema after giving the carrageenan in the rat paw in comparison of control. In cotton pellets induced granuloma pouch method also, the Hydrochloric extract of Calendula officinalis (HECO) flowers showed very significant reduction of weight of granuloma (p&lt;0.01) with 22.80% protection as compared with control.&#x0D; Conclusion: We conclude that the Anti-inflammatory activity was noted with Hydrochloric extract of Calendula officinalis in a dose-dependent manner in acute (carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model) as well as sub-acute (cotton pellet induced granuloma model) inflammatory experimental models. They decrease the chemical mediators of inflammation&#x0D; Key Words: Calendula Officinalis, anti inflammation, Paw Edema Model, granuloma pouch method , HECO

Nutritional value and nephrotoxicity effect of dillenia pentagyna fruit on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Background: Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. (Dilleniaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant, commonly known as “agai” and distributed randomly in the Terai belt of North East states of India. D. Pentagyna extract has been studied for therapeutic possessions. Objective: The proximate parameters and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis in the same plant of D. pentagyna of four-time harvest stage during the maturation of fruits were studied and also the antihypoglycemic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of D. pentagyna fruit. Materials and Methods: The proximate compositions were determined by measuring the amount of water removed from the food AOAC method and the chemical fingerprinting was carried out by HPTLC method. An acute oral toxicity study was carried out in healthy male Wister rats (110 g). The dose was finally made to 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for oral administration after the LD50 estimation. Results: The most phenolic concentration was continuously decrease with during the maturation of fruits. After 21 days of treatment, level of blood glucose, as well as albumin, protein, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were significantly decreased when compared with the diabetic control. Hydroalcoholic (80% alcohol to 20% DW) extracts will be subjected to further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for against antidiabetic. Conclusion: D. pentagyna fruit could act as a source of functional compounds for the control of diabetes mellitus.

Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Extract for Anti-Arthritic Activity

The instigation of the prevailing study was to explore the in-vivo anti-arthritic activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Manilkara hexandra against formaldehyde and Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis. Formaldehyde induced arthritis, an acute model and Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis, a chronic model were induced by administering 0.1ml of formaldehyde and Complete Freund's adjuvant into the sub plantar regions of hind paw respectively. Hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Manilkara hexandra was administered in varying doses for its evaluation of anti-arthritic activity. The parameters employed for evaluation are paw volume; paw diameter, body weight, arthritic index and hematological parameters. Hydro alcoholic extract of Manilkara hexandra at a concentration of 250mg/kg elicited potent rebate in the measured parameters associated with both the models. The percentage inhibition of paw diameter (80.4%) and paw volume (84.5%) were more potent as compared to standard aspirin (80%) in Formaldehyde induced arthritic model. In Complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis, significant declinement in paw diameter, arthritic index and enhancement in the body weight, hemoglobin content and WBC count were noticed. The culmination proffers dominant protective effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Manilkara hexandra against arthritis at a dose of 250mg/kg.

In vitro anti-helminthic activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of murraya exotica linn leaves against pheretima postuma

In vitro anti-helminthic activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of murraya exotica linn leaves against pheretima postuma

In Vitro Anti-helminthic Activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum

Objective: Modern anti- helmintics has limited the effective control of the parasites due to number of side effects and development of resistsnt in helminthes.This renewed the interest in screening of medicinal plants for their anti-helmintic activity and the present study was design to invastigate the In vitro anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum. Methods: Nine groups each containing three adult Indian earthworms(Phentanema posthuma) of approximately same size were received into 20ml of desired formulation. I group was treated with normal saline and II group was treated with albendazole (20mg/ml) in 1% w/v of CMC as standard and III, Iv and V group was concentrations of hydroalcoholic extracts of Martynia annua L. 10, 20, 50mg/ml and VI,VII and VIII group was concentrations of hydroalcoholic extracts of Pentanema indicum 10,20,50mg/ml in 1% w/v of CMC. Last ninth group was treated with combination of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum (50mg/ml and 50mg/ml). Result: Both the extracts show a dose dependent reduction in paralysis and death time of the worm, combination of Martynia annua L. and Pentanema indicum 1:1 ratio extrcat was found to be more effcetive especially at 50mg/ml and 50mg/ml. Conclusion: The anti-helmintic activity of extracts was comparable to standard Albentazole , and could be effective against parasitic helminths of humans and animals.The presence of alkoloid, flavonoids, tannins and phenol in the extracts may be contributory to its anti-helmintic activity.