Abstract
Objective: Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski aerial parts in albino Wistar rats.
 Materials and Methods: A. roxburghianus dried aerial parts were extracted with ethyl alcohol: water (70:30) ratio, respectively, by the hot Soxhlet method. Hydroalcoholic A. roxburghianus extract (HARE) was further concentrated to obtain a semisolid residue. Two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of HARE were tested against formaldehyde-induced acute non-immunological and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino Wistar rats. Arthritis assessment was done by morphological studies (paw volume, paw diameter, and body wt.) and hematological parameters radiological, histopathological, and organ wt. studies were also done on the 28th day after animals were sacrificed.
 Results: Dose-dependent and significant inhibition of edema were observed in both acute as well as chronic models. The extract at dose 400 mg/kg showed most potent and significant (p<0.05) paw edema inhibition which is supported by the results of paw volume and diameter, hematological parameters, in FCA-induced arthritis model. Treatment with HARE also decreased the histopathological alterations induced by FCA model.
 Conclusion: HARE protects synovial membrane by improving the health status exhibits promising anti-arthritic activity. This finding thus supports the traditional use of A. roxburghianus for arthritis. However, further studies are needed to carry out the isolation of active constituents of the fraction responsible for the activity.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by pain, synovial membrane inflammation, peripheral joint inflammation, morning stiffness, destruction of articular tissues, and restricted joint movement [1,2,3]
The extract at dose 400 mg/kg showed most potent and significant (p
hydroalcoholic Amaranthus roxburghianus extract (HARE) protects synovial membrane by improving the health status exhibits promising anti-arthritic activity. This finding supports the traditional use of A. roxburghianus for arthritis
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by pain, synovial membrane inflammation, peripheral joint inflammation, morning stiffness, destruction of articular tissues, and restricted joint movement [1,2,3]. Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski (Family: Amaranthaceae) is a wild plant whose leaves and tender shoots and can be edible and are commonly used as a leafy vegetable [16]. It is commonly known as chiri kura in Telugu language and is used as an abortifacient by tribes of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh state of India [17]. We attempted to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of hydroalcoholic areal plant extract of A. roxburghianus in acute and chronic models in albino Wistar rats, to prove its importance in the treatment of rheumatism
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