Xi Jinping Research Articles

The Transformation Policy of Energy Enterprises under the "Double Carbon" Policy and the Causes and Risks of the Green Premium

When the climate problem is becoming more and more serious, and the impact of climate change factors on financial markets is becoming more and more significant, Chinese President Xi Jinping has put forward the 3060 "double carbon target." In order to respond positively to national policies, most energy enterprises have responded to obtain a green premium. This paper gives an example of the "green" measures taken by two different types of enterprises: the limited liability company and the joint stock limited company. It analyzes why they get the green premium. While bringing benefits, the green premium also brings macro and micro risks. This paper puts forward some solutions that these energy enterprises can use to deal with the risks posed by the green premium: ESG rating system is used to disclose the risk of energy enterprises, as well as the use of various means to disclose the possible behavior of the government to protect the risk and guide investors to invest rationally. It is hoped that through this paper, various energy enterprises can pay attention to the potential risks and remind investors to invest rationally in energy enterprises.

“Diplomacy of Heads of State”: Chinese Media about Xi Jinping’s Visit to Russia in March 2023

The visit of the President of the People’s Republic of China to the Russian Federation attracted a lot of attention from the Chinese media, which was manifested in a large number of publications on this topic in the media and social networks. The purpose of the study was to analyze news reports and messages on the Weibo social network about the state visit of the President of the People’s Republic of China to the Russian Federation and determine its role in strengthening bilateral relations between China and Russia. For the first time, the main principles of China’s foreign diplomacy, implemented in a particular state visit, were considered by the example of how they were perceived by public opinion. A content analysis of news reports from mainstream Chinese media showed that this diplomatic move is highly appreciated. The authors of the publications noted the high significance and effectiveness of this visit. A statistical analysis of publications on the Weibo social network showed that public opinion also generally assesses Xi Jinping’s visit to Russia positively, paying attention to the content side of Russian-Chinese relations. In general, strengthening and deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Russia in the new era is a strategic choice made by countries based on the domestic political and domestic economic situation, which is in line with the fundamental interests of the peoples of the two countries and the development trend of international relations. The results of the study showed that China has always pursued an independent foreign policy, and promoting the development of Russian-Chinese relations at a high level is a strategic choice made by China, taking into account its internal development and overall diplomatic strategy.

How Propaganda Affects Public Opinion in China: Evidence from the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT During a national crisis, can state propaganda shift public opinion, and if so, in what direction? Existing studies show that the effects of state propaganda on public opinion in China are mixed. Analysing data from an online survey experiment conducted during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, this article finds that the Chinese public responded positively to propaganda that promoted Xi Jinping’s leadership, when these messages included text as well as images that showed Xi being compassionate during his visit to Wuhan. However, when textual propaganda focused on familiar narratives, such as Xi’s leadership, international praise of China’s experience in fighting the virus, China’s efforts to send medical assistance to other countries, and praise for medical workers, it was largely ineffective in changing political opinions. These results suggest that visual components that evoke an emotional response of solidarity can increase government favourability in public opinion. At the same time, propaganda narratives that fail to address critical questions about a national crisis, including its severity and attribution, tend to be ineffective at persuading the public.

China’s Belt and Road Initiative: An Analysis

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a signature foreign policy initiative by China’s President Xi Jinping, is the largest global infrastructure undertaking, surpassing the Marshall Plan. Chinese banks and companies have invested billions in funding and building infrastructure in numerous countries. Two significant initiatives are related to and referred to the BRI. One is the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road (MSR). However, with the commencement, the initiative has attracted enormous global attention. Background information about SREB and the MSR and its implementation have been discussed in this article. This article highlights China’s strategic considerations for the BRI and its significance to the country. This article additionally concentrates on the progress of BRI and how the West and China’s neighbours view it and offers insight into the recently unfolding criticisms. Keywords Belt and Road Initiative, Silk Road Economic Belt, Maritime Silk Road, Xi Jinping

Strongman politics and China's foreign policy actors: maritime assertiveness under Xi Jinping

Abstract Since Xi Jinping's ascension to power, China's foreign policy behaviour—including in the maritime domain—has become increasingly assertive. While a number of systemic, domestic and individual-level factors have contributed to China's more muscular approach, adequately understanding the dramatic intensification of its assertiveness under Xi requires a careful examination of the foreign policy implications of his strongman rule. This article contributes to such studies by examining how Xi's efforts to consolidate power, particularly through nationalistic appeals and an anti-corruption campaign, have mobilized China's foreign policy actors. I argue that the political environment that Xi has fostered shapes the career incentives of individual actors, motivating them to demonstrate their loyalty through displays of assertiveness. Drawing on a case-study of China's maritime actors, with a focus on their behaviour in the South China Sea, I show how Xi's consolidation of power has elevated the stakes of zealously showcasing support for his call to ‘resolutely safeguard’ China's sovereignty claims. I find that Xi's emphasis on demonstrations of loyalty often comes at the cost of other interests, such as reassuring potential rivals, suggesting that the current political environment risks pushing foreign policy in an even more assertive direction than perhaps intended.

Building an “Asia-Pacific Community With a Shared Future”: Transformational Regionalism With Chinese Characteristics?

Chinese President Xi Jinping has since 2013 advocated for an “Asia-Pacific Community with a Shared Future” (APCSF). This concept has rekindled debates on regional integration. The article begins by critiquing conventional Eurocentric theories of community-building while highlighting fundamental features of the Asia-Pacific approach. It recounts erstwhile proposals put forward by Japan, Australia, and America, drawing comparisons with the emerging Chinese vision. The APCSF envisions an inclusive intergovernmental society of cooperative yet interdependent economies in the Asia-Pacific. Unlike the notion of Indo-Pacific, the idea of Asia-Pacific countries belonging to a community has deeper economic and psychological roots. Furthermore, what sets the APCSF apart from previous proposals is its solid foundation that aligns with its ambitious goals. It can draw upon existing initiatives such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership for Trade Liberalisation and the Belt and Road Initiative for enhancing connectivity. Consequently, the APCSF stands a better chance of eventual realisation.

The Intrinsic Logical Connection Between Marx's Theory of Social Interaction and The Common Destiny of Mankind

The idea of the community of human destiny is the Chinese wisdom of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the peaceful development of the world in the 21st century. Based on the social interaction theory of Marx, the idea focuses on the development of globalization and the future destiny of mankind, and actively advocates the concept of common destiny and win-win cooperation, thus providing a scientific Chinese proposal for world development. At the same time, the idea of community of human destiny, as a new model of Marx's social interaction theory in the new era, is bound to face all kinds of challenges, and only by constantly sorting out the historical logic, tracing back the theoretical logic, and enhancing the theoretical self-confidence by clarifying the practical logic, can we turn the challenge into an opportunity, and the adversity into a good situation. Therefore, it is of far-reaching value and historical significance to restore the internal logical relationship between the two based on the social interaction theory.

Perception of a “Color Revolution” in China under the Xi Jinping Regime and National Security Implications—Close interconnection between domestic politics and diplomacy—

The Xi Jinping regime in China has been implementing various policies that prioritize the concept of “national security,” and highlight concerns about the perceived threat of a Color Revolution. The concept of “national security” has been elevated to a policy philosophy of “holistic” or “comprehensive” security. This comprehensive security means that “security” is related to all areas, including the economy, culture, and the environment, and that security takes precedence over other factors such as the economy, culture, and the environment. Diplomacy is no exception, and the policy philosophy is to treat diplomacy and security together, where security takes precedence over diplomacy. The emphasis on the logic of national security also influenced its Hong Kong policy and its policy of governing the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Furthermore, it led to the strengthening of domestic management of foreigners and international NGOs. Moreover, this domestic logic of “national security” has had a strong influence on foreign policy. For example, the domestically propagated discourse on the “color revolution” directly influenced the US-China summit meeting, where the topic of discussion was whether the US was planning to overthrow the CCP regime or not. In China, diplomacy and domestic politics appear to be rapidly becoming one and the same.

Book review: Kevin Rudd, The Avoidable War: The Dangers of a Catastrophic Conflict Between the US and Xi Jinping’s China

Kevin Rudd, The Avoidable War: The Dangers of a Catastrophic Conflict Between the US and Xi Jinping’s China. Public Affairs, 2022, pp. 356 (electronic), ISBN: 978-1541701304.

Daring to Struggle: China’s Global Ambitions under Xi Jinping. By Bates Gill. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. 320p. $29.95 cloth.

Daring to Struggle: China’s Global Ambitions under Xi Jinping. By Bates Gill. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. 320p. $29.95 cloth.

Enlightenment of Tao Te Ching to the Ideal and Conviction Education of College Students in the New Era

Ideals and convictions are the beacon. General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the fifth group study session held by the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, stressing that “it is necessary to use the thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era to cultivate soul and educate people, strengthen education about core socialist values, as well as guide students to develop firm ideals and convictions, follow the instructions and path of the Party, and devote themselves to the nation and the people” (Li Haitao, 2013). Persistent hard work of new generations is required to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only when the young generation has ideals and a sense of responsibility can the Chinese nation be promising. Based on the cultural wisdom from Tao Te Ching, the paper discusses the guiding significance of the philosophy in Tao Te Ching to college ideological and political work in the new era in terms of the cognitive education, emotional education and will education of ideals and convictions.

中国新闻事业史课程思政建设的理论与实践研究

按照社会主义核心价值观的要求，把实现中华民族复兴的伟大理想和责任融入课堂 教学中，激励学生自觉把个人的理想追求融入国家和民族的事业。学校以“思政课程”与“课 程思政”作为学校思政工作的重要抓手，齐心协力共推“思政课程”与“课程思政”互动 发展，发挥全员协同、全过程协同、全方位协同育人合力，改善“思政课程”与“课程思政” 单向发展的现状短板，构建并完善“大思政”育人格局。“课程思政”融入在每个课程之中， 能够进一步发挥教育本身的育人作用，促进高校人才培养数量与质量的提高。高校把立德 树人的思想作为根本任务，发挥各课程的育人功能，需充分发掘课程思政的资源，教会学 生学习的同时，培养引导学生正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。拓展“大格局”，要充分 利用现代技术手段为“大思政课”服务，在全社会形成“家庭社会学校网络教育一体化的 协同育人格局”。习近平总书记指出：“要运用新媒体新技术使工作活起来，推动思想政 治工作传统优势同信息技术高度融合，增强时代感和吸引力。”旨在启发广大思政工作者 网上网下融合发力，让“大思政课”无处不在。本文通过对专业知识学习与《中国新闻事 业史》课程融入思政进行分析与研究，为进一步提高学生素养贡献自己的微薄力量 In accordance with the requirements of socialist core values, the great ideal and responsibility of realizing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are integrated into classroom teaching, and students are encouraged to consciously integrate their personal ideal pursuit into the course of the country and the nation. Considering "education courses" and "curriculum education" as an important school work, schools work together to push "education courses" and "course education" to develop interactively, play an all-round collaborative education together, improve the present situation of the one-way development in "education courses" and "course education", build and perfect the educational pattern. The integration of "curriculum ideological and politics" into each course can further play the educational role of education itself and promote the improvement of the quantity and quality of talent training in colleges. Colleges take the idea of cultivating moral education as the fundamental task and give full play to the educational function of each course. It is necessary to fully explore the ideological and political resources of the course, teach students to learn, and cultivate and guide students' correct outlook on world, life and values. To expand the "big pattern", we should make full use of modern technology means to serve the "big ideological and political courses", and form a collaborative educational pattern of the integration of family and social school network education in the whole society. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, " We should use new media and new technologies to make our work alive, promote the integration of traditional advantages of ideological and political work with information technology, and enhance the sense and appeal of the times." The aim is to inspire the majority of ideological and political workers online and offline to integrate together, so that the" big ideological and political courses " can be found everywhere. This paper contributes its own meager strength to further improve students' quality through the analysis and research of professional knowledge learning and the history of Chinese Journalism into ideological and political courses.

Evolution of the US’ Strategic Ambiguity in the Cross-Strait Relations

Purpose: This paper analyzes how the US policy on Taiwan is gradually evolving from strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity. First, I would like to analyze China's Taiwan policy in terms of the core interests of the Communist Party of China. Second, I would like to specify why the US policy on Taiwan is evolving from strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity. Third, in the event of the Taiwan contingency, the security threat to the Korean Peninsula is identified and policy alternatives are proposed.
 Method: This paper delves into the US policy on Taiwan with the Balance of Interest theory of Randall Schweller. A neoclassical realist suggests that national foreign policy is indirect and complex and must be reinterpreted through a parameter unit of domestic factors. According to Neo-Classic realists, the parameters that affect a country's foreign policy are such as domestic interest groups and the political leader’s ideology and identity.
 Results: The main parameters of the US policy shift towards Taiwan from the perspectives of Neo-classical Realism are as follows. First, it is Biden’s identity of value diplomacy which prioritizes democracy and human rights. Second, Xi Jinping's military threats to annex Taiwan, and the pursuit of a gray zone strategy are driving factors for the US Policy shift from strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity. Third, the US policy shift to Taiwan was initiated by curbing China's rise through the control of the Indo-Pacific maritime control and global supply chain.
 Conclusion: The contingency in the Taiwan Strait is closely linked to security on the Korean Peninsula due to the US’ strategic flexibility. Currently, tensions between the US and China are rising in the Indo-Pacific region as the US military support for Taiwan's self-defense. The ROK should be wary of being involved in the unintended Taiwan crisis. To build a free and prosperous Indo-Pacific, strategic communication between the US and China should be strengthened while respecting the “one China” principle.

중국과 주변 접경국 간 경제 관계를 통해 본 북·중 경제 관계 평가

This study poses the research question, “How would North Korea-China economic relations, which have traditionally been evaluated from a bilateral perspective, be different if they were evaluated from a multilateral standpoint with one of China’s bordering countries?”. Based on analysing of economic relations, including foreign trade between China and its 14 bordering countries and foreign direct investment in China’s 13 bordering countries, this study examines North Korea-China economic relations from a multilateral viewpoint. In conclusion, North Korea-China economic relations are seen to be based on the homogeneity of “socialism” and the strategic management of North Korea risks for China’s “core interests” and North Korea’s strategic interests of regime stability and economic development. Compared to the economic relations between China and its other bordering countries, the analysis does not reveal any differentiating factors that make the DPRK-China economic relationship a unique economic relationship based on the traditional bilateral relations of blood ties and nepotism. Rather, China has reaffirmed that it prioritizes its core interests in expanding economic ties with its bordering countries.
 Under President Xi Jinping’s third term, China’s internal and external projects, including the Belt and Road Initiative, a comprehensive version of the country’s open door policy, have gained more momentum under the umbrella of great nation building. Economic relations between China and its neighboring countries have entered the “do-or-die” phase. However, North Korea-China economic relations are still at the stage of dawangyanghui (韜光養晦) and are likely to continue their quiet cooperation for the future. China’s embracing of North Korea, despite the current international political and the economic situation can be interpreted as a management decision to minimize risks to its core interests based on socialist homogeneity.
 In response to the changing international political and economic environment, China has moved away from the traditional blood brotherhood and hammer-and-sickle relationship with North Korea to develop a new, forward-looking relationship with the DPRK that is in line with the current international order. Therefore, it is necessary to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the economic relationship between North Korea and China from the perspective of a multilateral relationship as one of the bordering countries facing China, rather than the traditional, unique relationship.

중국의 해상 팽창 과정과 지정학적 함의 – 마오쩌둥부터 시진핑 시기까지 –

중국의 해상 팽창 과정과 지정학적 함의 – 마오쩌둥부터 시진핑 시기까지 –

习近平“两个结合”重要论断的逻辑取向与实践方向

“Two Combinations” is an important instruction given by General Secretary Xi Jinping to continue to promote the Sinicization of Marxism in the new era. It points out the way forward for the future development direction of China’s scientific socialist theory. Exploring the logical orientation and the practical direction of the “Two Combinations” is conducive to helping it to advance smoothly. Promoting the “two combinations” is actually a logical construction that should be and is necessary. It is the implementation of Marxist theory, the observance of historical experience, and the recognition of the great practice of the new era. From a practical perspective, to promote the “Two Combinations”, we must resolutely maintain the foundation of scientific socialism, resolutely maintain the true nature of contemporary Chinese society, and persist in exploring the outstanding cultural characteristics of China, thereby contributing a steady stream of new impetus to the Sinicization of Marxism.

Water Governance and Regional Development in Xi's China

AbstractThe governance of China under Xi Jinping functions mainly through leading groups. Using the case of water governance, this article examines the interaction between these groups at three levels: the top-level design group, the riverine macroregion groups and the implementation groups. This governance model is designed to avoid nomenklatura failure, restrict fiscal federalism and reduce the agency problem between the centre and local leaders. For the purpose of water governance, China has been divided into five blocs based on river basins, which we call riverine macroregions. Using this approach, the Chinese Communist Party is combining water governance with regional development and enhancing local governments’ collective implementation of central policy.

Based on the Packaging Design of Agricultural Products under Rural Revitalisation

General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward "comprehensively promote rural revitalisation" in the report of the twentieth Party Congress, stressing the "construction of livable, workable and beautiful countryside". Actively respond to the policy of revitalising the countryside of the Twentieth National Congress, in view of the fact that China is a large agricultural country, the slow development of the rural economy, but there are a large variety of agricultural and sideline products. In response to the current difficulties in agricultural sales, the lack of agricultural brands and local characteristics. Enhance the image and quality of agricultural products, through packaging can make people faster to understand the local characteristics of the product and culture, so this paper is mainly through the exploration of agricultural products packaging design, the integration of urban and rural resources, to drive the local economic development. This is also in line with the General Secretary's emphasis: to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, consolidate and expand the results of poverty alleviation, comprehensively promote rural revitalisation, and unremittingly strive to achieve modernisation of agriculture and rural areas.

Инаугурационный дискурс РФ и КНР в аспекте современной прагмалингвистики

Abstract
 The authors of the article focus on a comparative analysis of linguistic constructs representing communicative strategies and tactics, the combination of which determines the unique synergistic structure of the inaugural discourse in different language cultures (Russian/Chinese). The relevance of this work is defined by the object of the study itself. The act of inauguration, being a crucial marker in the political culture of society, represents a complex institutional phenomenon. On the one hand, it records the transition and legitimation of state power, and on the other hand, it ensures the generation and acceptance of ideas that manifest the conventional system of values, thereby ensuring the stability of a specific linguocultural space. Through the linguopragmatic analysis of the inaugural speeches of the state leaders of the Russian Federation and China, such as V.V. Putin, D.A. Medvedev, B.N. Yeltsin, Xi Jinping, Hu Jintao, Jiang Zemin (from 1991 to 2023), the authors of the article prove that the invariant goal-setting of the inaugural address determines a strict implementation of genre canons. However, the external symbolic framework of the procedure adheres to nationally significant axiological constants, whereas the ritual intentional message of the inaugural discursive practice is inevitably modified by each leader of the country during the individual speech formulation in accordance with the expectations of the electorate. This leads to linguistic variability both in the inaugural speech and in the inaugural discourse as a whole. The present research is believed to enable the identification of general trends in the development of forms of civil society governance, to examine specific cases of their implementation in a particular linguocultural space, to describe the process of conceptualizing the “key words” of the main agents of political communication, and, as a result, to forecast the development vector of collective and individual consciousness of civil society representatives.

Rezoning at the threshold of two systems: regionalised party–statecraft in China’s Greater Bay Area

ABSTRACT During China’s reform era, dominant narratives described a transition away from centralised planning in favour of mutually reinforcing processes of liberalisation and decentralisation. Under Xi Jinping, the talk has increasingly been of the recentralisation of authoritarian-state powers and party discipline. Questioning both reform-era transition narratives and equally simplifying claims about their recent reversal, the paper argues for an enriched treatment of party–state spatiality, understood as a polymorphic and multi-scalar process, rather than simply a more complex one. In the emergent Greater Bay Area megaregion, ‘new era’ zoning strategies are being repurposed as drivers of pathfinding reforms animated by the party–state, in contrast to received readings of zones as single-purpose instruments of liberalisation.