Welfare To Work Research Articles

Institutional Design and Incentives for Migrant Workers to Participate in Social Insurance in China: Evidence From a Policy Experiment in Chengdu City.

Rural-to-urban migration has increased rapidly in China since the early 1980s, with the number of migrants has reached 376 million by 2020. Despite this sharp trend and the significant contributions that migrants have made to urban development, the migrant workers have had very limited access to the social insurance that the majority of urban workers enjoy. Against the background of the social insurance system adjustment in Chengdu in 2011, this study uses a difference-in-differences (DID) model to empirically test the impacts of changes in the social insurance policy contribution rates on the social insurance participation rates of migrant workers, using the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data for 2009–2016. We find that the social insurance participation rate of migrant workers was significantly reduced after they were incorporated into the urban worker insurance system. There was no significant change in the wages of migrant workers, but the working hours were increased and their consumption level decreased. In other words, simply changing the social insurance model of migrant workers from “comprehensive social insurance” to “urban employee insurance” reduces the incentives for migrant workers to participate in insurance and harms the overall welfare of migrant workers. Our study indicates that the design of the social security policy is an important reason for the lower participation rate of migrants. It is necessary to solve the problem of insufficient incentives through the targeted social security policies; primarily, the formulation of a social security policy contribution rate suitable for the migrants, and the establishment of a comprehensive social security policy and the gradual integration of the social security system.

Law Enforcement Policy on Wage Provision for Workers with a Work Period of more than 1 (One) Year

This paper aims to determine whether the government has imposed drinking wages in a national wage system. Considering that wages are one of the important aspects in the protection of workers, as mandated in Article 88 Paragraph (1) of the Manpower Law. This means that every worker has the right to earn income in the form of wages that meet a decent living for humanity. The implementation of the minimum wage is intended as one way to improve the welfare of workers and their families. The research method used is normative juridical using secondary data. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the application of a minimum wage in a national wage system is one of the important aspects in the protection of workers as mandated in Article 88 Paragraph (1) of the Manpower Law.

Protecting working welfare recipients through human rights experimentalism

AbstractIn this paper, we adopt an experimentalist approach to determining the content of international human rights for assessing national mandatory work programmes for recipients of social assistance (MWPs). This approach implies going back and forth between law and experience in order to determine the better way to secure human rights in an ever-changing environment. After having identified six criteria for evaluating MWPs in the soft case-law of international bodies, we confront this emerging international human rights framework with an empirical study on MWP practices in the Netherlands. This confrontation reveals that specific aspects of the capability for voice of working welfare recipients are absent in the human rights framework and that the framework is not gender-neutral. Including these aspects, we construct an experimentalist human-rights-based instrument that is suitable for evaluating national MWPs.

LEGAL IDEOLOGY ON SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE

This research focus on study the synthetic legal ideology and social justice from legal philosophy. On literature there are debatable of legal ideology in legal philosophy, it is about meaning of justice too. According philosophy of natural law, legal ideology is legitimation of virtue people behavior and eternal justice for human being. Opposed to the philosophy of law positivism, there is no place to discuss ideology of justice in science of law, because no criteria and no reference, no argumentation about just or unjust law. Essence of justice is correct applied rule of positive law to settlement dispute, called a procedural justice or legal justice om the contrary to substantive justice. On Marxist philosophy justice is an ideology essence power for socialism community, opponent capitalistic-liberalism philosophy that justice not for all but justice and rule of law is illusion only. Hinduism philosophy there is only moral justice its dharma. The first duty of King to realized dharma, integrated politics, economics, social, and culture in reality high moral standard behavior of human being. It aims realized prosperity for people in the world. Compatible with based of State Philosophy of PANCASILA are legitimation Indonesian system of law, core aim realized “social justice”. Essence distribution all national asset, taxation, regulation of wages for workers welfare, wealth, education, allocation houses and also distribution natural resources for benefit of all people of Indonesian. It regulation equality benefit constitute and accountability our Government. According The 1945 Constitution of The Republic Of Indonesia to reach Indonesian justice and prosperity.

India’s Labour Agreements with the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: An Assessment

Despite the Indian government's proactive initiatives and reforms in the labour laws in the host countries, the welfare of Indian workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries remains compromised. The Indian workers continue to face exploitation, often left stranded or forced to return home penniless. In line with best global practices, India’s Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs) and Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with all the GCC countries need to make specific reference to the host countries' labour laws and facilitate bilateral coordination in the governance of the full migration cycle. Special focus is needed in the construction sector, where a vast majority of low-skilled Indian workers are employed. The article examines the effectiveness of India’s BLAs and MoUs with the GCC countries in protecting the low-skilled Indian workers in the region.

Occupational Choice and the Intergenerational Mobility of Welfare

Based on responses in the General Social Survey, we construct an index that captures non-monetary qualities of occupations, such as respect, learning, and work hazards, relevant to the well-being of workers. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, we document that the children of richer US parents are more likely to select into occupations that rank higher in terms of this index. We rationalize this fact by introducing occupational choice with preferences over the intrinsic qualities of occupations into a standard theory of intergenerational mobility. Estimating the model allows us to infer the equivalent monetary compensation each worker receives from the intrinsic qualities of their chosen occupation. Earnings adjusted to reflect this additional compensation show substantially larger persistence of income from parents to children. Our model further predicts that the trends in the composition of labor demand in the US over the past three decades decreased intergenerational persistence, and also led to higher growth in the welfare of the average worker than that implied by observed earnings. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

درجة تطبيق القيادة التکنولوجية في المدارس الثانوية بجدة في ضوء جائحة کورونا من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة تطبيق القيادة التکنولوجية في المدارس الثانوية بجدة في ضوء جائحة کورونا من وجهة المعلمين والمعلمات، واعتمدت على المنهج الوصفي لمناسبته لطبيعة هذه الدراسة، حيث تم استقصاء آراء المعلمين والمعلمات في مدارس المرحلة الثانوية بتعليم جدة، حول درجة تطبيق القيادة التکنولوجية في المدارس الثانوية بجدة في ضوء جائحة کورونا ، وبلغ عدد العينة (738) ولجمع البيانات صمم الباحثون الاستبانة حيث تم إعدادها في صورة استبانة إلکترونية لتسهيل عملية التطبيق، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة تطبيق القيادة التکنولوجية في المدارس الثانوية بجدة في ضوء جائحة کورونا جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، کما أن تطبيق مجالات القيادة التکنولوجية جاءت بدرجة متوسطة وکان ترتيبها تنازليا وفقا للمتوسط الحسابي للمجالات على النحو التالي مجال الإنتاجية والممارسة المهنية ثم مجال التقييم والتقويم ثم مجال التعلم والتعليم ثم مجال القضايا الاجتماعية والقانونية والأخلاقية ثم مجال الدعم والإدارة والعمليات واخيرا مجال القيادة والرؤية ؛ کما أظهرت الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لتطبيق القيادة التکنولوجية في ضوء جائحة کورونا ، تعزي لمتغير الجنس لصالح الذکور، ولمتغير المؤهل لصالح الدراسات العليا ولمتغير عدد سنوات الخدمة لصالح 10 سنوات وأکثر، ولمتغير نوع المبني لصالح المباني الحکومية . کما أوصت الدراسة بمجموعه من التوصيات أهمها: الاستفادة من نتائج الدراسة الحالية في معرفة أهمية القيادة التکنولوجية في ضوء جائحة کورونا ، وتشجيع القيادة المدرسية على تطبيق خصائص وسلوکيات القيادة التکنولوجية ، وتصميم برامج تدريبية لتنمية وتطوير فنيات ومتطلبات تطبيق القيادة التکنولوجية لقادة المدارس، وبناء الثقافة التنظيمية الإيجابية الداعمة للسلوک القيادي التکنولوجي داخل المدارس ، وضرورة العناية برفاهية العاملين وتلبية احتياجاتهم الشخصية والفنية وتوفير البيئة الإبداعية، وتشجيع المهارات الإدارية والفنية المتميزة للعمل بالمدارس.وبناء رؤية هادفه وملهمة من قبل القيادة المدرسية تتسم بالوضوح والدقة،ودعم المدارس بمعامل ومختبرات إلکترونية وبرمجية ذکية متقدمة،وتشجيع ودعم وتحفيز منسوبي المدرسة على أستخدام التکنولوجيا والابتکار والتجديد في أساليب تقديم الخدمة التعليمية. The study aimed to identify the degree of application of technological leadership in secondary schools in Jeddah in the light of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19) from the point of view of teachers, and relied on the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature of this study, where the opinions of teachers in secondary schools in Jeddah education were surveyed, about The degree of application of technological leadership in secondary schools in Jeddah in light of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19), and the number of the sample was (738). The secondary school in Jeddah in light of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19) came to a medium degree, and the application of the areas of technological leadership came to a medium degree and its order was descending according to the arithmetic average of the fields as follows: the field of productivity and professional practice, then the field of assessment and evaluation, then the field of learning and education, then the field of social issues Legal and ethical, then the field of support, management, operations, and finally the field of leadership and vision; The study also showed that there were statistically significant differences for the application of technological leadership in the light of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19), attributed to the variable of gender in favor of males, to the variable of qualification in favor of graduate studies, to the variable number of years of service in favor of 10 years and more, and to the variable of the type of building in favor of government buildings. The study also recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: taking advantage of the results of the current study in knowing the importance of technological leadership in light of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19), encouraging school leadership to apply the characteristics and behaviors of technological leadership, and designing training programs to develop and develop the techniques and requirements for applying technological leadership to school leaders. Building a positive organizational culture that supports technological leadership behavior within schools, the need to take care of the welfare of workers, meet their personal and technical needs, provide a creative environment, and encourage distinguished administrative and technical skills to work in schools. Building a purposeful and inspiring vision by the school leadership characterized by clarity and accuracy, and supporting schools with electronic and software laboratories and laboratories. Smart and advanced, encouraging, supporting and motivating the school’s employees to use technology, and innovation in the methods of providing educational service.

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pekerja Imigran China di Indonesia Selama PPKM dan PSBB

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the Indonesian economy, especially the welfare of Indonesian workers. During this pandemic, there are still violations of the law on immigrant or foreign workers. This study aims to discuss how the conditions that occur during the arrival of Chinese work migrants and how the rules or policies regulate this. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data collection using literature studies. Based on research results from literature studies, the government claimed to have brought workers from China into Indonesia. This action is of course very contrary to what is happening and the government's efforts so far to suppress the number of COVID-19. Even though the unemployment rate is increasing due to layoffs such as the number of 1,722,958 people, the government still allows foreign workers from China to enter and seems to prevent local Indonesian workers from working. In fact, in Government Regulation Number 34 of 2021 as the central legal basis, permits for extension of workers and strict selection of workers must still be carried out consistently. In conclusion, the immigration and labor sector in Indonesia still shows clear shortcomings.

Safeguarding the rights and welfare of the health-care workers amid the pandemic: a social protection approach

PurposeThis paper aims to study the elements of social protection, namely, the labour market policy (working conditions), social insurance and social assistance from the law and policy standpoints to safeguard the rights and welfare of the frontline health-care workers (HCWs).Design/methodology/approachThis study applies both doctrinal and non-doctrinal research methods with the legal and authoritative approaches by integrating the three elements of social protections, which are working conditions, insurance protection and social assistance for the protection of HCWs.FindingsA pragmatic approach to the social protection system by integrating these elements can safeguard the rights and welfare of the frontline HCWs amid the pandemic. This approach should be made effective for the sustainability of the HCW and health industry in Malaysia.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the significance of initiating and empowering ad hoc approaches through the social protection system for the practical and effective protection of frontline HCWs who are the backbone of the nation, in the event of pandemic COVID-19. These practical needs and approaches are pivotal in response to HCWs demands in workplace.Originality/valueWhile social protection commonly aims to address disadvantaged groups and to combat poverty, this research adopts the social protection approach with the aims to safeguard the rights and welfare of frontline HCWs amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Occupational Health, Productivity and Evidence-Based Workplace Health Intervention

Occupational Health, Productivity and Evidence-Based Workplace Health Intervention

JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICULAR TIME WORKING AGREEMENTS TO REALIZE THE PROTECTION OF WORKERS' RIGHTS AND WELFARE

Juridical Analysis of a Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) to Realize the Protection of Workers' Rights and Welfare (Research Study at the PT. Bersama Gemilang Property Batam Office), has been carried out as it should, in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. There are factors related to the protection of the rights and welfare of contract workers. The qualifications/types of writing in this journal use normative legal writing, and then integrate it with sociological/empirical legal writing, and to analyze some of the problems in this journal, Lawrence M. Friedmen's big theory, Jeremy Bentham's middle theory, and application theory are used. / applied theory Mochtar Kusumaatmadja. The results of the analysis are still experiencing several obstacles both internally and externally. The obstacles faced have not been the implementation of rights and welfare, which have been prioritized and carried out but not yet perfectly. It is very necessary and improved in terms of supervision in terms of quality and quantity in order to suppress and not give space to violators who do not comply with contract workers. There is also a need for wider socialization in a timely manner regarding the implementation of the new law on the rights and welfare of contract workers.

Why Telecommuting Became Redundant During the COVID‐19 Pandemic?

This paper reveals the facts that necessitated telecommuting in the 'new normal' virtual work environment. This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of executive-level employees working in the banking sector. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). The findings reveal that the success of telecommuting during the COVID-19 pandemic depends on the nature of family responsibility, virtual work environment, virtual training, and self-management of the employees affected, while the work-life balance (WLB) is not significant. The decision-makers need to implement psychological training, skills-based training for managers, employees, and family members, and provide incentives to handle difficulties encountered in the pandemic situation. The present study proposes formulating a long-term policy that can successfully align with the new normal working conditions. This should encompass fundamental working rights under the virtual working environment, career development, and welfare of workers. To date, previous studies are based on the advantages of traditional telecommuting. However, this study considers employees’ perception of telecommuting in the COVID-19 pandemic; thus, the study fills the empirical gap in the research on telecommuting in the new normal working condition.

The Impact of Private Standards on Corporate Social Responsibility Compliance and Rural Workers' Motivation in Developing Countries: A Study of Mango Farms in Pakistan.

This study examines the role of a private standard on corporate social responsibility (CSR) compliance in the Pakistani mango industry and how this compliance affects rural workers' motivation. Pakistan is the fifth largest mango producer in the world and the fourth largest exporter in global mango trade; also, mango is the biggest fruit crop within the country. Mango trade is subject to trade terms, where buyers decide the conditions of trade agreements by means of codes of conduct. The key dimensions of the codes involved in agrofood trade are food safety, traceability, worker welfare, and environmental consideration, issues which are all connected with CSR. Private standards ensure compliance with these codes of conduct. This study draws on interviews and a questionnaire survey with certified mango producers and farm workers in Pakistan. The mango industry also involves other stakeholders such as government institutes and NGOs; interviews were also conducted with their representatives. Given that this study is an impact assessment research, the researcher designed a theoretical framework using a mixed method approach to investigate the rationale behind acquiring the standard by the mango growers in Pakistan and what impact (if any) this shift has generated with regard to the farm workers' job satisfaction and motivation. This study is the first to empirically examine good agricultural practices in Pakistan and evaluate their impact. This study shows that private standards play a significant role in ensuring compliance, and CSR practices implemented through them were found to be positively related to the rural workers' job satisfaction and motivation. Furthermore, this study has made separate contributions to theory, methodology, and practice. The production of the synergistic model for improving compliance is among the key highlights of the study. The findings of this study can extend to other agriculture and primary production industry workers in Pakistan and even beyond to other developing countries' rural agriculture workers.

‘Settlers and comrades’. The variety of capitalism in South Africa, 1910–2016

The complexities of business in Africa are illustrated through the case study of economic and business development of the different countries. By the time decolonisation brushed across Africa from the late 1950s, South Africa enjoyed political independence under white rule, controlling a viable economy based on mineral and industrial capitalism. This article shows the change in a powerful state-capitalist nexus from mining to the industry to ethnic or race-based ‘empowerment’. Contesting nationalisms between Afrikaners and loyal British imperial sympathisers, constituted the rationale for inward-looking economic policies for national economic development. The formation of unstable coalitions for market co-ordination managed market distortion to faci­litate the development of the leading modern industrial economy in Africa, while the rest of independent Africa experimented with central planning, socialism and state-capitalism. This study illustrates the peculiarity of capitalist development in Africa, specifically South Africa, considering the particular institutional contexts and broad business environment in which business acts strategically. South African business proactively engaged in a dynamic state/business relationship from national capitalism under minority rule, to an unstable balance of majority black capitalism, socialist worker welfare capitalism and tribal communalism. The manifestation of an unstable but unique state-business nexus involving market and non-market elements, adds innovation to the VoC framework.

The Implementation of Labor Development Principles According to Job Creation Law as a Reason to Protect Wages Rights

<p>Wages as labor’s basic rights have changed since the Job Creation Law was enacted. It is essential that wages be distributed following the principle of job creation to contribute to the national development for the whole people. This research aims to compare the regulation vis-à-vis legal protection and the implementation of the principles of labor development. With normative legal research and statutory approach, this research reveals that the legal protection regarding wages in the new regulations are not far better than the former ones. The wage policies that were initially stipulated explicitly in the Labor Law were revoked from the Job Creation Law, where the labor principles are not applied. With the protection not better than that of the former regulation, it is implausible to improve the welfare of workers and their family members. Supervision conducted by the government is required to ensure that labor’s rights to wages are protected.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong> Wages; Development of Labor; Job Creation.</p>

Tax Planning and Tax Obligations at Indonesian Private Company

Tax is one of the establishment segments of state income, in order to guarantee progression of financing national improvement. In a business, charge may be a source takes a toll without accepting quick remunerate. Hence, we require an arrangement for companies to discover ways to streamline the charge and one of the ways utilized is through assessment arranging. The reason for this study is to decide the degree of charge arranging through worker welfare to minimize the charging burden on Indonesian private companies. This sort of research is expressive. Information got by utilizing documentation and interviews. The information investigation utilized is qualitative approach. The result appeared kind of assess arranging through representative welfare of the company can streamline the sum of assessing payable, from the company by recognizing as a cost the taken a toll representative welfare operations. The administration of PT. Domas Perkasa should apply tax arranging through representative welfare to play down of company charge burden.

The Impact of The Pandemic on Development Creative Industries and The Welfare Freelance Workers in The City of Sidoarjo

The emergence of Covid-19 is very influential in all sectors of the world, one of which is the economic aspects and the welfare of workers began to weaken and freelance workers were vacated so that it affected the development of the creative industry that occurred in Sidoarjo City went bankrupt. Therefore the purpose of this study (1) Determine what methods can improve the development of creative industries in the midst of a pandemic in order to increase the income for the City of Sidoarjo, (2). Knowing the forms of welfare implementation of casual daily laborers in Sidoarjo City, (3). Knowing the difference in the welfare improvement of freelance workers before the pandemic and after the pandemic in Sidoarjo City. This study uses a Mix Method with a sample of 10 creative industries and 146 casual workers in the city of Sidoarjo. The first finding, this study explains that there are four methods it can be used, namely welfare, (2) competition, (3) growth and (4) innovation. Second, the welfare of casual daily workers 60% has not been implemented properly as seen from the fate of casual daily workers who do not have the strength and the means to fight for their fate when a pandemic is affected so that companies in the city of Sidoarjo that are engaged in the creative industry sector are allowed to continue to operate using protocols and SOPs that must be obeyed to reduce the unemployment rate in the city of Sidoarjo because the company is unable to provide wages when workers leave the Work Form Home. Third, a significant difference in which to improve the welfare of freelancers is realized by increasing the climate of high cooperation to be able to increase wages, working conditions, employment relationships, work safety and social security

OUTSOURCING AND WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT AT PT INDOFARM SUKSES MAKMUR ACCORDING TO LAW NO. 13 OF 2003 ABOUT EMPLOYMENT

Protection Rules that apply to workers As the fulfillment of inherent core rights / there is stipulated in the constitution contained in one of the articles in the 1945 Constitution,due to the enactment ofemployers as if accepting the legalization of enforcing pre-employment outsourcing regardless of the things that are stopped by the Law. The primary reason for outsourcing for the company is to increase the concentration of business because operational activities have been bestowed on other parties. This study will analyze the main conflicts that are in sync with the title using the scope of the problem that is going on, as already stated above using a normative juridical approach. Where this normative juridical approach is an approach that is done in accordance with the material of the primary rules by using basic principles and rules regulated through the laws and regulations in this study. The data is obtained, listed in the form of a concept model that will be the primary base in analyzing. As for thewritingof this scientific work the way used to analyze data has been taken using descriptive methods (non statistics). Legislation containing the content of employment as the basis in the step of setting the lower limit of workers' salaries to create and for the welfare of workers in north Sumatra province. The role of laws and rules on how to set the lower limit wages cannot help workers to achieve the adequacy of workers.

LABOR MARKET SEARCH, INFORMALITY, AND SCHOOLING INVESTMENTS

AbstractWe develop a search and matching model where jobs can be formal or informal. Workers choose schooling and search for jobs. Firms post vacancies in each schooling market and decide the job's formality status. Upon meeting, workers and firms bargain over wages. The equilibrium size of the informal sector is an endogenous function of labor market fundamentals and institutions. We estimate the model using labor force survey data from Mexico and exploiting the exogenous variation induced by a noncontributory social program. Counterfactual experiments show that eliminating informal jobs increases schooling investments but decreases welfare for both workers and firms.

Apprise: inclusive innovation for enhancing the agency of vulnerable populations in the context of anti-trafficking responses

ABSTRACT This paper examines the design, development and implementation of an anti-trafficking intervention in Thailand, focusing on its context, supportive mechanisms, and outcomes. It reflects on a three-year engagement with government, NGOs and vulnerable workers to determine if there was a role for technology to support the initial screening phase of labour inspections. As part of this engagement we developed Apprise, a mobile app to enable proactive and robust screening of vulnerable populations for indications of labour exploitation and forced labour. The paper analyses the value sensitive and inclusive innovation process we undertook, aimed at empowering workers by enhancing their freedom to live the lives they have reason to value. We argue that, through prolonged engagements and higher levels of inclusive innovation, it is possible to uncover more of stakeholders’ underlying motivations and tensions for using digital technology. We also draw from amplification theory that posits that digital technology serves an amplifier of institutional and human intent and capacity. We argue that even with the most carefully designed systems, users will (mis)use technology to serve their original purposes. We discuss critical implications on the human welfare and privacy of vulnerable workers in the use of digital tools such as Apprise.