Waste Transportation Research Articles

Penerapan Konsep Lean Service Untuk Perbaikan Pelayanan Servis Mobil Di Auto2000 Basuki Rahmat Surabaya

AUTO2000 Basuki Rahmat is one of the branches dealer Toyota, which is located in the city of Surabaya, is engaged in services such as sales, maintenance, repair and supply of Toyota spare parts whose management is fully handled by the Astra Group. The company always strives to provide fast and accurate service, but customers spend quite a long time waiting because the car service process is relatively long. The long service time is caused by an unorganized operational system that causes waste (waste). Based on these problems, it is necessary to analyze Basuki Rahmat's car service services at AUTO2000 using the concept lean service by using the method value stream mapping, fishbone, and 5 whys. The research results obtained weight waste motion or transportation of 0.1481; waiting or delay of 0.1325; incorrect inventory of 0.1273; lack of customer’s focus of 0.1195; defect of 0.1065; duplication of 0.0935; overproduction of 0.0779; unclear communication of 0.0675; underutilized employees of 0.0675; And variation of 0.0597. Research recommendations that can be proposed to reduce waste including repairs layout, adding monitors on the service floor for matters of sending and receiving information, increasing the number of mechanics, making plans booking with different hours, making and applying the system tracking of the presence of the tool. Therefore, lead time the initial service service process of 170 minutes becomes lead time 128 minutes.

HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR: A REVIEW

Aim: Medical waste generation was significantly increased during pandemic due to excessive use of face masks, plastic, syringes. Many countries during pandemic successfully reduce medical waste (MW). The purpose of this current study is to highlight the management and treatment process of MW so that personnel responsible for collecting, transporting and disposing of the MW keep themselves as well as environment safe help in reducing MW and spreading infections. Study Design: Review, Conceptual, Material and Methods: Articles published in Scopus, Web of Science, Pub Med, and EBSCO were downloaded for literature. Different keywords such as Waste treatment, Recycling of Waste, Waste Management (WM) were used for search of literature. Articles included in this study were chosen on certain criteria. Those articles which are published between 2017-2023 were included and those which match the keywords were included in the current study. Those articles which do not match the criteria were excluded. Results: There are five main themes emerged as the main findings of this study. These are waste generation, segregation, collection and transportation, recycling, treatment, and disposal. Conclusion: It is concluded that authorized personnel must be allowed to touch and dispose of the MW. These personnel must be provided with adequate training so that spread of infections can be prevented.

A Location-allocation Model for Bio-waste Management in the Hospitality Sector

Tourism generates huge amounts of waste. It has been estimated that about half of the waste generated by hotels is food and garden bio-waste. This bio-waste can be used to make compost and pellets. In turn, pellets can be used as an absorbent material in composters and as an energy source. In this paper, we consider the problem of locating composting and pellet-making facilities so that the bio-waste generated by a chain of hotels can be managed at or close to the generation points. The general objective is twofold: i) to avoid waste transportation from generation to treatment points and product transportation from production to demand points, and ii) to implement a circular model in which the hotels themselves become the suppliers of the products they need (compost and pellets) by transforming the bio-waste that they generate. Any bio-waste not processed by the hotels has to be treated at private or state-run plants. A mathematical optimization model is presented to locate the facilities and allocate the waste and products. The application of the proposed location-allocation model is illustrated with an example.

Sistem Klasterisasi Volume Sampah Organik di Kota Magelang menggunakan K-Means

Waste is one of the most serious problems faced by many regions. In Magelang City alone, 70 tons of waste is generated per day, and 60% of it is organic waste. Business sectors such as restaurants, culinary tours, markets, and hotels are high producers of organic waste. Organic waste can be utilized and sorted to be useful for maggot farmers, compost and biogas makers, but the lack of information about the source and availability of this waste is an obstacle for organic waste users and the Environmental Service. The purpose of this research is to assist the Environmental Agency in planning waste transportation, as well as making it easier for organic waste users to get information about the waste. In this study, the data used is waste volume data and data on the number of visitors and traders in hotels, markets, and street vendors in Magelang City, the data is then processed using the K-Means clustering algorithm. The data that has been processed produces the optimal number of clusters is 2, cluster 1 is a low waste volume producing category, while cluster 2 is a high waste volume producing category. After obtaining the clustering results using the K-Means algorithm, an evaluation of the results was carried out using the silhouette score method which resulted in a score value of 0.66, from the evaluation results it can be concluded that the application of the K-Means algorithm in clustering the volume of organic waste in Magelang City is quite good. With these results, it is hoped that it can help the Magelang City government, especially the Magelang City Environmental Agency, maggot cultivators, and other organic waste users to more easily obtain information about the availability of organic waste, which is expected to help reduce the volume of organic waste.

Urbanization Trend in Nepal

Though urbanization is a symbol of modernization which brings changes in economy, division of labour, production of goods, availability of modern urban amenities, urban regions in Nepal are like rural in nature. This study has been carried out to analyze the trend of urbanization from the first scientific census 1952/054 to the latest one in 2021. This study is descriptive type and based on secondary data. Periodic census, CBS publications, Nepal urban development strategy 2017, world urbanization prospect 2018 and other scholarly articles have been used to prepare this paper. Data have been presented in tables, trend line graph, and bar graph. The 1952/054 census reveals that 2.9 percent population resides in 10 urban areas. After 50 years in 2001, urban population reached up to 13.9% with 6.65 percent urban growth rate during the year. Political decision and reclassification of urban areas increased urban population 27.2% by the year 2014; and 66.2% by the year 2021 with 293 urban areas. This dramatic change in the size of urban population lacks urban amenities set by local government operation act 2017. The urbanization level of Nepal is very low by all standards but growth has been rapid in recent years. Urban area of Nepal are facing deficiencies of basic urban infrastructures and facilities such as drinking water, solid waste management, sanitation, environmental pollution, housing, transportation facilities and shortage of energy. Further research might be conducted on this area focusing on the comparative study on urbanization and existing urban pre-requisites of urbanization as per the standard norms. This area attracts further research on providing urban amenities to rural areas as an alternative model of urbanization. This research reveals increasing urbanization trends of Nepal including recent census data and urban amenities which is different from other similar previous research studies.

K-Means Clustering Method for Determining Waste Transportation Routes to Landfill

Waste is worsening in Magelang City, especially in urban areas. As a result of poorly managed waste disposal, a landfill is needed. Magelang City has a landfill called TPA Banyuurip, located in Plumbon Hamlet, Banyuurip Village, Tegalrejo Subdistrict, Magelang City. From this case, the application of the kmeans clustering method to determine the efficiency of the waste transportation route to the landfill is needed. The research began by conducting direct observations at the Banyuurip landfill by interviewing the drivers of waste vehicles to find out information such as waste sources, transportation schedules, etc. In this study, the data used are the name and address of the supplier, sub-district, coordinate point, and distance from the supplier's place to the landfill. After data collection, data preprocessing is done by dividing and selecting data based on sub-districts. Then the data is processed using the kmeans clustering algorithm to divide the route efficiency and the haversine formula algorithm to determine the closest distance between clusters. After the data has been successfully processed, the number of clusters is 4 for north Magelang, where each cluster will become a corridor with four routes. For central Magelang, 2 clusters with two routes, while for south Magelang, the results are 4 clusters with four routes. From these results, the evaluation results using silhouette score for data clustering of 3 sub-districts are 0.632560 for North Magelang, 0.640667 for Central Magelang, and 0.630186 for South Magelang. This method is expected to help in grouping routes and mapping supplier areas effectively and efficiently in the waste transportation process in Magelang City.

Solid Waste Handling Scenarios, Management and Economic Study in Erbil City

Solid waste management has become an important issue for developing countries. Solid waste management is also a weighty problem in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. To date, weak points have been observed in Erbil City, particularly in the handling and transportation of municipal solid waste. Consequently, this issue affects the environment, human health, management, finances, and aesthetics of the city. This research focused on handling scenarios, management, and an economic study of solid waste in New Zanco Village, Erbil City. Data on the quantity and generation rate (GR) of solid waste and current routes for solid waste collection were collected directly. Additionally, truck volume, handling options, and economic subjects were studied. Untimorous software was applied to find the optimum routes for solid waste collection in the studied area. Results revealed that the average GR for 48 samples was 1.114 kg/capita/day. The minimum and maximum values were 0.24 kg/capita/day and 3.28 kg/capita/day, respectively. The optimized capacity for the trucks was 7 m3. The number of pick-up locations per truck was 92. From the current waste collection route, waste is collected in eight cycles each week and the total weekly travel length equals 321.12 km. Based on the results obtained from OptimoRoute software, waste is collected in seven cycles and the total weekly travel length equals 294.03 km. The waste collection will reduce the 27.09 km of travel length in each week, which equals a reduction of 8.43% of the total distance. The operation cost will be reduced by 8.43% per week. Additionally, the total yearly travel length will be reduced by 1,300.32 km and the total yearly cost will be reduced by about $2,730.67.

Estimating baseline CO2 emission from waste collection and transport activity to TPST Bantargebang, Jakarta

Municipal solid waste is one of the fundamental problems in DKI Jakarta Province. The increasing population and various human activities had a direct effect on this issue. TPST Bantargebang served and treated all waste in DKI Jakarta Province, and the volume of waste generation reached 7,702 tons per day in 2019. Despite the waste generation, waste collection and transport are becoming emerging issues. The level of service by the Environmental Agency of DKI Jakarta Province is planned to reach 98% in 2025. Dump and waste trucks come and go in the long queue every day around TPST Bantargebang. This study estimated CO2 emissions from waste collection and transport activity using daily logbook data, fleet data, and spatial analysis. This study assigned the source point as a temporary disposal site in each subdistrict. It showed that the total vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) reached 71,990.72 km/day, which collected and transported 5,897.67 tons of waste/day from 196 subdistricts. The need for fuel consumption reached 31,989.17 liters of bio-solar per day. The baseline of CO2 emission reached 70.805 tCO2 per day by multiplying the bio-solar emission factor and total fuel consumption. The CO2 emission per ton of waste transported reached 12 kg CO2 per day and the CO2 emission per kilometer of waste transported reached 0.98 kg CO2 per day.

KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS COVID-19 DI RUMAH SAKIT

Background: Hospitals are one of the largest producers of medical waste. If the medical waste is not managed properly in accordance with applicable standards, it can be dangerous and cause health problems, especially for officers who handle waste, patients, visitors and the community around the hospital.Objective: This study aims to explore the management of COVID-19 medical waste in hospitals, both from input, process and output.Methods: This research is qualitative research with a descriptive case study design. The informants in this study consisted of 15 people who were selected using the purposive sampling method from the internal UGM academic hospital and the surrounding community. Research conducted in May 2022.Results: In the input evaluation it was found that the UGM RSA already had an SOP for handling COVID-19 medical waste, there was already an adequate allocation of funds for the management of COVID-19 medical waste, and human resources had also met the standards. Most of the facilities and infrastructure owned are adequate for processing COVID-19 medical waste. RSA UGM has provided PPE for COVID-19 medical waste collectors but it has not been used optimally. As for process evaluation, sorting and storage have been carried out according to standards. The transportation of COVID-19 medical waste has met the standards but the B3 medical waste TPS has not met the standards. In the output evaluation, none of the respondents experienced health problems related to the management of COVID-19 medical waste.Conclusion: There needs to be improvement in the management of COVID-19 medical waste, especially in the input and process sections.

Features of legal regulation and management of municipal solid waste in Russia and Germany

The article provides a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the sphere of circulation and use of municipal solid waste in the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. The characteristics of the legal regulation of both countries in the field of waste management are given. Legal acts adopted in the European Union are the basis of German legislation in the field of waste management. Comparison of the legislative framework of Russia and Germany revealed their significant difference. Noteworthy is the lack of a clear hierarchy in the handling, disposal and processing of MSW. Attention is drawn to the huge number of illegal landfills and waste incineration sites in Russia. In our country, composting has not become widespread enough, and it is usually used by the population in individual houses or garden plots. However, the composting process can also be centralized and carried out at special sites, which are organic waste processing plants. The end product of this process is compost, which can be used in various agricultural applications. The main ways of improving the legal regulation in the field of waste management are proposed. In particular, it is recommended to develop a complete waste management strategy and a roadmap for its implementation. The waste management strategy in Russia should be based on a model that takes into account the specifics and cost-effectively combines the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal of waste. It is necessary to create universal centers that unite enterprises for the collection, storage, recycling, processing and marketing of garbage and materials produced from waste coming from the largest cities of Russia. In the short term, the key goal is to solve the problem of the formation of illegal dumps, as well as landfills near large cities.

Li2B4O7–Bi2O3–ZrO4–CaWO4 glass system for neutron protection in neutron applications

In this study, new glass samples with a chemical composition of 40Li2B4O7+xBi2O3+(55–x)ZrO4+5CaWO4 (x = 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) were fabricated using the melt quenching-annealing technique. Important neutron shielding parameters, such as the effective neutron removal cross-section, half-value layer, and neutron transmission factor, of all the new glass samples were calculated using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation code. In addition, neutron dose measurements were performed using an 241Am–Be fast neutron source with an activity of 74 GBq and an average neutron energy of 4.5 MeV and a BF3 gaseous neutron detector. The results were compared with those of conventional shielding materials to determine the neutron absorption capabilities of the new glass materials. All the new glass samples were found to have excellent neutron shielding abilities. In particular, the GB5 sample had a high absorption capacity compared to the other samples. These new glass samples may be used as shielding materials in various radiation applications, such as generation of nuclear energy, radiation medicine, and the transport and storage of radioactive wastes.

RFID and IoT Enabled Framework to Make Pune City an Eco-friendly Smart City

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy pose a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Due to the intensive increase in computation, Machine learning is popular. Intelligent solid waste management motivates the Swachh Bharat mission to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of astrapita Mahatma Gandhi. In the context of smart city development, an innovative means of implementing smart solid waste collection is to improve daily solid waste collection at the household level. An intelligent solid waste collection system will be implemented in the Smart City to improve solid waste collection. It is required to educate households about solid waste handling. Municipal Corporation can implement an innovative PPP model as part of an independent India campaign to motivate startup ntrepreneurs, which will generate jobs in India. The city of Pune is in a phase of intelligent urban mobility development to improve citizens’ living standards. Ensure safe traffic management, adequate water supply, smart amenities, and services such as the intelligent collection, transport, and processing of solid waste. RFID and IoT base IT solutions have the potential to develop sustainable, innovative technology to achieve 100% household collections and transportation and treatment of waste so that to minimize waste to send landfill side.

Automatic Waste Segregation

Abstract: Rapid increase in volume and types of solid and hazardous waste due to continuous economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, is becoming a burgeoning problem for national and local governments to ensure effective and sustainable management of waste. It is estimated that in 2006 the total amount of municipal solid waste generated globally reached 2.02 billion tones, representing a 7% annual increase since 2003 (Global Waste Management Market Report 2007). The segregation, handling, transport, and disposal of waste needs to be properly managed to minimize the risk to the health and safety of patients, the public, and the environment. The economic value of waste is best realized when it is segregated. Currently, there is no such system of segregation of dry, wet and metallic wastes at the household level. This paper proposes an Automated Waste Segregator (AWS) which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a segregation system for household use, so that it can be sent directly for processing. It is designed to sort the refuse into metallic waste, wet waste and dry waste

Study of household waste handling in Buton Utara regency, 2022

Background: Waste handling is one of the health issues that founded in Buton Utara regency. The waste originating from households has not been managed properly. Many people who live in coastal areas still disposed their garbage into the sea. This is due to the lack of waste management facilities such as temporary landfill and waste transport. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the community’s household waste handling. Method: A quantitative descriptive was conducted in this study. Data collection was carried out by survey method using questionnaires and observation checklists. Total amounted samples were 3,640 households and the respondents were housewife. Result: Most of the respondents (30,05%), burned their waste. Some of them, gave the waste to the informal collectors for recycling and the rest (0.27%) was composted. Conclusion: Burning is one way of handling household waste that is carried out by most communities in Buton Utara Regency.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПЕРЕВОЗОК ТВЕРДЫХ КОММУНАЛЬНЫХ ОТХОДОВ ГОРОДСКОЙ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ

An optimization model of transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW) of the urban agglomeration carried out by the WMS processing and disposal complex is proposed. Optimization is carried out by minimizing the costs of transportation of MSW. The solution of the problem of minimizing costs is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, optimal routes are built along which garbage trucks can transport MSW with minimal costs of a given type (fuel costs, financial costs, etc.). At the second stage, the optimal options for the distribution of garbage truck flights between the optimal routes built at the first stage are determined. Software has been developed for using the model in solving practical problems. In addition, a database has been developed to work with the initial data and the results of solving optimization problems. The results of experimental calculations and their analysis are presented. The model is focused on the urban agglomeration of St. Petersburg.

Investigating the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management using ant colony algorithm, Monte Carlo simulation and LCA approach in terms of EU Green Deal

This study majorly aimed to determine the effect of optimization on transport routes on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from municipal solid waste management (MSM) within the scope of European Union (EU) Green Deal. Optimization of collection and transportation routes has been regarded as an effective methodology in order to mitigate the GHG emissions of municipal waste management, recently. Optimization of routes has been obtained using ant colony algorithm (ACA) and Monte Carlo simulation, in this study. In this context, this study investigated to reduce GHG emissions from municipal waste management using optimization of transportation routes in Diyarbakir city in Turkey. Firstly, GHG emissions which are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from waste collection and transport have been calculated using a new developed model based on Tier-I method. Then, Monte Carlo simulation has been used to figure out the GHG emissions. Finally, life cycle assessment (LCA) approach has been applied to determine the GHG emissions. According to the route optimization resulting ACA methodology, nearly 47.43% of reduction on each GHG emissions. Approximately, 58%, 38% and 51% of reduction on CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions respectively has been achieved, in the result of the route optimization using Monte Carlo simulation. The results of LCA methodology revealed that the reduction reached up 45.71% on GHG emissions in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP). The reduction amounts have been overlapped with each other.

Integration of Multicriteria Decision Analysis and GIS for Evaluating the Site Suitability for the Landfill in Hargeisa City and Its Environs, Somaliland

Poor waste management and illegal waste shipments adversely affect the environment and public health, resulting in environmental degradation. Indeed, environmental degradation is one of the most visible problems in Hargeisa. Currently, solid waste is disposed of at two dumping sites within the city limits, causing problematic and unsanitary conditions. Moreover, the existing dumpsites are on the verge of closure, highlighting an important need that must be addressed. This research aimed to integrate multicriteria decision analysis and GIS to evaluate the site suitability for landfill in Hargeisa, Somaliland. For this purpose, eleven significant parameters were selected: proximity to built-up areas, surface water, groundwater well points, sensitive sites (airports), land use/land cover, geology, soil type, elevation, slopes, roads, and separation from existing dumpsites. Next, these were combined via an analytical hierarchy technique. Subsequently, restriction buffer analysis was performed on the seven parameters to obtain better and more accurate results, and restricted zones were omitted. Furthermore, the pair-wise comparison used to obtain priorities between the selected criteria showed that the LULC is the most significant criterion in the model, with a relative weight of 0.1829, followed by habitations, with 0.1506. The overall result reveals that approximately 68.96% (21,060.9 ha) of the study area is unsuitable, while 24.36% (7441.53 ha) and 6.68% were considered less and highly appropriate zones, respectively. As a result, this study reveals that despite the vast extent of the study area, the areas ideal for landfill remain severely limited. Therefore, in light of the findings of this study, the municipal council of Hargeisa must reevaluate dumpsite locations and waste management practices to address the issues in the region in a timely manner. Furthermore, this systematic research approach will assist regional and global researchers, policymakers, and municipal governments.

IoT-Based Smart Dustbin Prototype

Increasing population and consumption patterns affect the volume, type, and characteristics of waste which vary and increase periodically. This increment must be accompanied by the management of waste transportation so that the accumulation of waste can be prevented. Therefore, it is necessary to design a prototype of a smart dustbin condition monitoring tool that is capable of providing full information and notifying the collector in the form of the location of the IoT-based dustbin. The research method is a prototyping type to obtain a smart dustbin prototype and produces IoT-based smart dustbin hardware and software. Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect objects and measure the height of waste, loadcell sensor measure the weight of waste, and GPS is used to obtain the location of dustbin. NodeMCU ESP8266 processes sensor data and sends it to the user. The results showed that testing of the object detection hardware was able to open and close the dustbin automatically when there was an object at a distance of ≤50 cm. Detectors of height and weight of waste can measure the height and weight of waste with an error of 0.4% and 0.15% respectively. The results of software testing show that the tool succeeds in sending WhatsApp notification data when the waste height reaches 3 cm from the sensor or 4000-gram waste weight, with a Throughput measurement of 327.95 kbps, and takes 2.61 seconds to send a notification message of 69 bytes.

Environmental and economic assessment of waste collection and transportation using LCA: A case study

The present study is aimed to evaluate the environmental and economic burden associated with current waste collection practices in Dhanbad city, Jharkhand, India. In this study various alternatives were suggested to mitigate these impacts by optimizing resource utilization and maximizing material recovery using life cycle approach. The functional unit adapted is the daily collection service provided for 180 tonnes of municipal solid waste generated in the study area. GaBi 10.6.1 software was used for impact assessment and impacts were assessed for five scenarios in terms of five different impact categories. This study assessed the collection services and treatment options jointly. Baseline scenario (S1) representing the current collection system had the highest impacts on all the impact categories and landfilling contributed the highest (67%) to the overall impacts on the environment. Scenario S2 involved the provision of material recovery facility and considered recycling of plastic wastes having sorting efficiency of 75% which reduced the overall impacts significantly (∼971%) compared to the baseline scenario. Scenario S3 considered composting of food waste (80% food waste sent for composting) and offered further overall impacts reduction (∼1052%) compared to the baseline scenario. In scenario S4, use of electric tippers was accounted which did not offer any significant impacts reductions. Scenario S5 considered the future electricity mix at grid (2030) in India which increased the benefits of using electric tippers. S5 had the least environmental impacts providing overall reductions of ∼1063% compared to baseline scenario and provided maximum economic benefits. Sensitivity analysis results found that variation in recycling had significant change in the environmental impacts. Considering the decrease in recycling rate from 100% to 50%, the impacts on abiotic depletion fossil increased by 136%, acidification by 176%, global warming by 11%, human toxicity by 172% and terrestrial ecotoxicity by 56%.

DW-TRAC – СЕРВИС ОТСЛЕЖИВАНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА ОПАСНЫХ ОТХОДОВ

To improve the efficiency and security of transportation of hazardous waste is implemented by service DW-TRAC, has a number of undoubted advantages, among which are the tracking and monitoring of cargo