Waste Transportation Research Articles

Potensi Reduksi Sampah Domestik PT. X Surabaya Berdasarkan Komposisi Sampah

Waste reduction efforts need to be made to reduce the burden of landfill in processing waste. The absence of a study on the potential for reducing domestic waste at PT X is an obstacle for the company to determine the right waste management scenario. PT X's waste management still adheres to the collection, transportation, and disposal system. The test of this study is to analyze the potential waste reduction that can be done by PT X. This study was carried out by collecting waste transportation data and waste composition data obtained through the SNI 19-3964-1995 method. Waste transportation data will be reduced by waste composition data that has the potential to be used for kembai. The average waste transported to landfill is 6480 kg / month with the composition of waste dominated by 26.09% of food waste and plastic waste. Total waste that can be reduced by 52.07% by managing organic waste into compost and collecting and selling waste that still has a selling value. By carrying out this management, the average waste disposal of PT X can be reduced to 3374 kg / month.

Developing an Effcient Framework and Mathematical Modelling for Municipal Solid Waste Management in India

An increase in municipal waste has become one of the biggest problems today. Managing waste is a big challenge for every country. Municipal waste management includes transportation and recycling of waste, which needs huge funds. Moreover, significant carbon emissions occur while transporting garbage from one site to another. Thus, this study focuses on reducing the cost due to municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation. The research aims to develop a mathematical model of the supply chain of MSW management. The process of segregation and recycling is also considered in this study. We consider six Indian states and identify the dumping location of the garbage. The study proposes an efficient framework for selecting the segregation hub location and location of MSW treatment plants. The outcomes would be beneficial to achieve an efficient waste management strategy with reduced cost. The numerical simulation results of the model provides the minimum transportation cost as Rs. 4.92 × 106 according to the locations selected for the study. The final strategic decisions is feasible under the constraint sets considered in the model.

Information System for Monitoring Waste Tonnage and Fleet Assignment at the Medan City Sanitary and Park Agency

The Medan City Sanitary and Parks Department has the responsibility of carrying out the waste transportation process from the source of waste to the location of the Sanitary Landfill. Every day, the waste transportation vehicle receives a Road Order Letter from the sub-agency located in the sub-district, which contains information on waste transportation information. After the transportation is complete, the letter is submitted to the landfill scale department for tonnage and origin data collection. However, at present, all waste transportation data collection activities are carried out manually, including the provision of assignment letters and data collection of waste tonnage and fleet routes at the landfill. This results in ineffectiveness in the data collection operations. This encourages researchers to design a monitoring and fleet assignment information system at the Medan City Sanitary and Parks Service. Data collection is done by observation and interviews. The system development model in this system uses SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) Waterfall and uses UML (Unified Modeling Language) as a method of describing the flow of the system by applying the Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram and Sequence Diagram models. The system is designed to run on a website system and is built using the PHP programming language with MySQL as a database. With this system, it is hoped that it can help in facilitating fleet assignments and monitoring the amount of waste entering the Sanitary Landfill .

ВПЛИВ ШВИДКОСТІ ТРАНСПОРТУВАННЯ ВАНТАЖУ СТРІЧКОВИМ КОНВЕЄРОМ НА ПИТОМЕ ЕНЕРГОСПОЖИВАННЯ НА КОНВЕЄРНОМУ ТРАНСПОРТІ

The method of work is significant to the nature and approximation of the empirical supply of feedstock energy consumption for the transport of dry waste by a string conveyor, which operates in the drains of the DolzhanskaKapitalna mine, due to the speed of transport of waste. Significant energy consumption for transporting goods is an unknown warehouse assessment of the technical level of the stitch conveyor, which is a current scientific and practical requirement. The article examines the non-linear nature of the dependence of weighted average specific energy consumption for the transportation of bulk cargo by a mine belt conveyor on the speed of cargo transportation. The function of the weighted average specific energy consumption for the transportation of bulk cargo by a belt conveyor is obtained in a theoretical way using the method of technological calculation of a mine belt conveyor. The influence of the unevenness of the cargo flow on the conveyor on the formation of weighted average specific energy consumption was carried out empirically using the results of studies of the cargo flow and the power consumption of the belt conveyor of the "Dolzhanska-Capitalna" mine, conducted in 2011 by the "Dongiprovuglemash" institute. Using the method of least squares, empirical coefficients of the approximated dependence of the weighted average specific energy consumption for the transportation of bulk cargo by a belt conveyor of a mining enterprise on the speed of cargo transportation, which has the form of a square trinomial, were obtained. The results of the work can be determined by designing the conveyor transport of mining enterprises, determining the energy intensity and technical level of the mine stitch conveyor, and clarifying the nature of the mechanical characteristics of the stitch conveyor

TRANSPORT SUPPORT OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION WASTE RECYCLING

Purpose. One of the possible ways to improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of metallurgy is processing and reuse in production as raw material of iron-containing dusty waste. At the same time, an integral component of such waste recycling is the transportation of iron-containing dust from the sources to the granulation areas, where it is processed. However, existing technological solutions for dust transportation are characterized by significant dust generation both during loading-unloading operations and during transportation. In this regard, the paper considers dust-free transportation technology for dusty waste using tank containers. Methodology. During the research, methods of geospatial analysis of transportation routes, taking into account dimensional and weight restrictions, methods of planning the operation of motor vehicles on routes, methods of the theory of shunting work on railway transport were used. Results. The work on the application of one of the metallurgical enterprises presents the methodology for determining the required fleet of vehicles and the main technical and technological parameters of schemes for the iron-containing dust transportation in tank containers by road and rail transport. Scientific novelty. The obtained research results on transport process parameters allow to perform scientific and economic justification of choosing a technological scheme for the transportation of dust waste. Practical significance. The presented technological schemes can be used as solutions for the transportation support of recycling iron-containing dusty waste in metallurgical production.

Technological issues of manufacturing critical castings for the nuclear industry from ferritic cast iron with spherical graphite

The article describes technological solutions for casting blanks for containers for transportation of nuclear waste. As examples, calculations of external refrigerators are proposed to solve the issues of directional crystallization of the casting. Calculation of optimization of shrinkage processes is given. Specifically, the actual example shows a picture of the effect of shrinkage during the casting and cooling of the workpiece on the quality and density of the resulting casting material.

Algorithmic model generation for multi-site multi-period planning of clean processes by P-graphs

Optimal clean process design requires strict constraints to enforce waste and byproduct management, all of which can be formulated in the language of mathematical programming. However, waste management and the utilization of by-products are often carried out in locations or periods other than the production process. The paper describes all modeling steps by P-graphs sufficient to represent raw material availability and production capacities in multiple time periods at multiple sites, as well as transportation and storage capacities of process materials and wastes. These steps are integrated into a single comprehensive model generation algorithm. For easier understanding, each model generation step is illustrated by a case study of planning a multi-site multi-period furniture production process alongside the recent challenges of energy supply and waste management. Finally, the case study of furniture production is analyzed under various circumstances to highlight the power of the proposed tools in daily production and transportation planning. Accordingly, the proposed method provides such alternative 5 best manufacturing and logistics plans that, in the event of a complete failure or overloading of one of the production capacities at either locations, there is still an alternative plan within a 3% profit decrease.

GIS-based approach for optimizing biowaste collection services in rural small sized municipalities

Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishes the obligation for Member States to ensure, by 31 December 2023, that biowaste is separated and recycled at source or collected selectively. As this is a responsibility of the municipalities, studies to evaluate the best solutions and to ensure the rationality of the investments to be made to fulfill these objectives is of particular importance. Bearing in mind the new municipality’s responsibility, this article aims to demonstrate the applicability of GIS in supporting planning and decision of a new service provided to the population. The solutions found must be economically sustainable and feasible for small size municipalities, especially for those with no formal biowaste management system implemented and with reduced resources. It is therefore proposed an approach to analyze vehicle route optimization for the selective collection and transportation of biowaste in markedly rural municipalities with a strong forestry component, equating solutions that allow their recovery, as well as the promotion of the management of forest spaces. The Network Analyst extension of the ArcGIS® software was used to answer questions related to travel time route optimization, optimal location selection and definition of service areas. The analysis performed allowed to identify and evaluate the main factors that minimize the costs associated with the undifferentiated and selective collection and transportation of biowaste in the study area (Oleiros-Amieira parish, Portugal). It was determined the need to distribute the service through 3 different routes, as well as optimizing the location of a biomass plant fed by forest remnants deposited in community containers spread across the study area. Developing simpler and cost-effective instruments for reducing waste transport costs for small forest owners and municipalities, such as the proposed one, is essential to ensure a successful implementation of Directive (EU) 2018/851.

OPTIMALISASI SISTEM ANGKUTAN SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN PULAU SETOKOK DENGAN PEMANFAATAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG)

The increasing population in Pulau Setokok Village has led to an increase in the waste generation which is not supported by the availability of representative TPS. In addition, the weak waste management system also makes this issue a major problem in the area. One of the important aspects in waste management on Setokok Island is the waste transportation system. The purpose of this study was to determine the location of alternative TPS in Pulau Setokok Village based on SNI No.19-3241-1994, analyze the suitability of the existing TPS in Pulau Setokok Village based on the SNI and optimize the waste transportation system from the existing TPS in Pulau Setokok Village to the nearest TPA with apply Network Analysis GIS. The determination of the recommended location for the TPA in the Pulau Setokok Village in this study was technically determined from the highest score of the feasible zone at the allowance stage, where it was found that the highest score in the allowance stage was 282, covering an area of ​​2.1 Ha, which is relatively in the middle of Setokok Island which is crossed by the Trans Barelang road. The location of the existing TPS on Pulau Setokok is not in the recommended TPA location based on SNI No.19-3241-1994. The length of time for transporting waste using a Dump Truck is 108.6 minutes which is faster than an Arm Roll Truck (173 minutes) for round-trip waste transportation from TPA Punggur – TPA Recommendation of Pulau Setokok – TPA Punggur on the shortest route of 2 times 36.2 km. the use of Arm Roll Truck fuel is more efficient, which is Rp 93,637.33 for 1 trip compared to the Dump Truck (Rp 117,046.67), but the Arm Roll Truck transports less waste than the Dump Truck because of its smaller capacity, which is 7.2 m3 compared to the Dump Trucks of 12 m3.

Discussion on Management and Disposal Technology of Corrosive Hazardous Waste

Hazardous waste is an important part of the ecological system and the environmental community. Corrosive hazardous waste accounts for a large proportion of hazardous wastes. In addition to waste acid(HW34) and alkali(HW35), it also involves 8 other types and 13 subcodes. Corrosive hazardous waste has various physical states, involves thousands of chemical substances, and can have all kinds of hazardous properties such as toxicity, flammability, oxidation, reactivity, and explosive. The classification, detection, identification, transportation, storage and disposal technologies of corrosive hazardous waste are discussed for hazardous waste generating units, disposal units and regulatory authorities. 
 Hazardous waste refers to solid or liquid waste with at least one characteristic of toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, reactivity and infectiousness. The scientific management and effective governance of hazardous wastes have become a major issue faced by all countries in the world today. Corrosive hazardous waste(CHW) accounts for a large proportion of hazardous waste, which is sometimes referred to as corrosive waste. At present, there are many domestic and foreign literatures on the disposal of various waste acids and waste alkalis, but there is no literature on the subject of corrosive hazardous waste[1] in China.

Assessing sustainability of Chiang Mai urban development

Sustainable urban development is an increasingly important concept as cities around the world continue to grow and face challenges related to urbanization, including environmental degradation, social inequality, and economic instability. Chiang Mai is a rapidly growing city in Thailand that steers towards sustainability. In this work, we examine the state of sustainable urban development in Chiang Mai by analyzing various indicators, including transportation, waste management, air quality, and energy consumption. A multi-dimensional framework was used to assess the sustainability of Chiang Mai. Our analysis suggests that while Chiang Mai has made progress in some areas of sustainable urban development, such as promoting green transportation and waste reduction and reduction consumption, there are still many challenges to be addressed, particularly in air pollution, water management, transportation and energy consumption. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for policy makers, urban planners, and other stakeholders interested in promoting sustainable urban development. This study assesses Chiang Mai’s sustainability using a comprehensive set of 35 indicators. It was found that Chiang Mai has potential for sustainable development, but some indicators require improvement. The study presents guidelines for prioritizing sustainable development, improving air and water quality, promoting sustainable tourism, enhancing waste management, transportation management and energy consumption. This research provides alternative framework for evaluating cities and presents a valuable contribution to the field of sustainable urban development.

Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Menggunakan Lean Six Sigma dan Fuzzy FMEA Dalam Upaya Menekan Kecacatan Produk

Quality control is a process used to ensure the level of quality in a product or service so as to lead to customer satisfaction. UMKM Eko bubut is a UMKM that produces wooden handicrafts with product marketing that reaches the international market. In the problem of product quality control at UMKM Eko Bubut, it was found that there were five types of defects, namely wavy, rough, perforated, cracked, and broken defects. In addition, it was found that there was wastage that occurred which had an effect on disability. Solving quality control problems at UMKM Eko Bubut is by using lean six sigma to identify the sigma level and fuzzy FMEA is used to determine the main priority for repairs to the causes of production defects that occur. The results of the calculation of the defect level of bowl products, it was found that the types of defects were wavy (55.06%), rough (28.29%), perforated (7.82%), cracked (7.22%) and broken (1.61%). The identification results of the waste that occurs are waste defects (28.1%), waste overproduction (17.7%), waste waiting (16.2%), waste motion (16.0%), waste inventory (10.75%), waste transportation (6.55%), and over-processing (4.9%). The results of calculating the DPMO value obtained an average sigma of 3.27 with a DPMO value of 38890.41. This shows that for every 1,000,000 production, there is a possibility that there will be product defects in as many as 38,890 products. Factors that affect product defects are humans, raw materials, methods, machines, and the environment.

Understanding the performance and challenges of solid waste management in an emerging megacity: Insights from the developing world

Solid waste management has been a cavilling issue in Ghana, especially in Kumasi. Thus, this study examines the challenges and recommendations for solid waste management in the Oforikrom Municipality. Data was obtained from 450 respondents from low, middle- and high-income classes using structured questionnaires and interviews were conducted with 6 waste management stakeholders and 50 market venders. Generally, waste management in the area was described as moderate based on the SWAi rating of 50.8 %. While collection and transportation received high ratings of 71 % and 82 % respectively, challenges are apparent in waste segregation (14 %) and disposal (21 %), marked as critically poor and poor, respectively. The overall moderate rating (50.8 %) underscores a mixed performance, signalling the necessity for enhancing storage conditions (36 %) as well. The study showed that occupation (Chi-Square = 0.893, p = 0.029), income (Chi-Square = 0.933, p = 0.021), and satisfaction with waste management services (p = 0.026) displayed notable effects, highlighting their importance in shaping waste management practices. Data from the respondents revealed inadequate practices due to vehicle breakdowns, high transport costs, and funding limitations. Nevertheless, 59.1 % of households expressed willingness to pay for improved waste collection. The dominant waste types were food waste (40 %) and plastics (5.5 %). Disturbingly, 80 % of the households lacked knowledge about waste disposal methods. The study recommends strengthening education and awareness of waste management to residents, improvement of access routes to households and waste disposal sites, and transport of waste should be done at night to ease traffic congestion.

Model of Multi-Parameter Optimization of the Characteristics of a Cable Car in a Solid Waste Transportation System

Introduction. Modern scientific and applied literature examines the problems of cable cars functioning quite thoroughly. First of all, it concerns ensuring the reliability and safety of traffic, both during operation and during project development. In addition, the paper considers the relationship of cable cars with the environment and the level of environmental load from this type of transport. A good solution could be the use of mathematical models that can take into account a set of parameters and criteria that characterize the cable car as a system. The same approach would be useful for optimizingtechnical characteristics of the object. However, there is no description of such a solution in the literature. This gap is partially filled by the presented work. The study aims to create a model of multivariable optimization of cable car technical characteristics for the transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW). Material and Methods. To clarify the theoretical basis, the literature describing the problems of cable cars and their solutions in general has been studied. Mathematical calculations were justified by a volume of equations that proved their adequacy in determining the useful transport work, load, adjustment of time and speed of cargo movement and other significant parameters of the system under study. When forming the model, we proceeded from the principles of L. S. Pontryagin (needle variation) and Hamilton — Ostrogradsky (kinematics of a certain road segment). Text data about the features of the system elements and their interaction were summarized in tables. The main calculations results were visualized in the form of graphs. Results. The solution to the problem of optimal control of the cable car on which solid waste was moved was presented. The motion control vector was shown as a vector of optimized technical parameters of the system: speed of movement, rope tension, number and weight of containers. The well-known solution to the optimization problem was reproduced in a general form, which involved determination of a control vector function and its corresponding trajectory with the achievement of a minimum of the target functional. The weak point of the system of differential equations for the realization of the goals of this scientific work was noted. In this regard, it was proposed to consider the investigated section of the cable car as a dynamic system with distributed parameters. The formulation of the multi-criteria optimization problem was described in detail. The advantages of reducing the number of criteria taken into account were listed and the use of the reduction method, which was based on the hierarchical structuring of the system of partial optimality criteria, was justified. Four main elements of the municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation system were considered in interrelation. This was a cable car, a transport and logistics point, a transport and logistics terminal and an environment that generated solid waste. Within the framework of this work, we considered an urbanized environment. The sub-elements of the named elements were listed and 12 directions of their interactions were shown. In detail, within the framework of a three-level hierarchy, four main complex indicators of the complexity of the system under study were described: environment, road, point and terminal. The solution of a multi-criteria optimization problem was shown, calculations were performed for the optimized parameters — the characteristic of the complexity of the road and the characteristic of the terrain. The results of calculations were presented in the form of graphs. Thus, the dependences of the optimized parameters on the weight of the loaded container, the length and speed of the cable car were illustrated. Conclusions. The main result of the study is an idea of the possibility of a mathematical solution of a multivariable and multi-criteria problem of optimizing two characteristics of a cable car (complexity and terrain feature). The proposed approach allows you to change the hierarchy in the complex of indicators. The results of this scientific work can be used, if necessary, to integrate the road project with neural network models, to work with fuzzy linguistic indicators, to solve applied problems.

Upaya Pengelolaan Sampah di Pemukiman Kumuh

Garbage has become a problem in various areas, especially in slum areas. The purpose of writing this article is to explain waste management efforts in slum settlements. The method for writing this article is literature study. The results of the literature study that has been carried out are found that there are eight efforts that can be made in managing waste in slum settlements, namely, first, conducting regular counseling about PHBS (Clean and Healthy Lifestyle), second, implementing the 3R (Reduce, Reuce, Recycle) program. third, transporting rubbish twice a week, fourth, providing rubbish bins and waste transport equipment in every household, fifth increasing the number of TPS (Temporary Shelters), sixth carrying out a waste bank program, seventh giving rewards to people who care about cleanliness and managing waste, and eight communities collaborate with the government and private sector in managing waste in slum settlements.

Review of the Policy, Social, Operational, and Technological Factors Affecting Cigarette Butt Recycling Potential in Extended Producer Responsibility Programs

Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most diffuse waste in the world, often abandoned into the environment without proper disposal. They are dangerous because of the numerous harmful chemicals potentially released by them into the environment. In the literature, there are several technological options for CB recycling, but some critical concerns could affect their effectiveness due to the quality and quantity of CB litter that is collected in the proper way. The extended producer responsibility scheme for CBs is proposed at the Europe level as an action to tackle CB litter and encourage sustainable product development. The present paper focuses on analyzing the existing literature to identify critical issues within the policy framework, social behavior, waste collection and transport, and technological processes. The collection and transport of CB waste is a major issue, being a key step for bringing CB to the recycling process. The main concern is the small quantity of CBs collected: 0.06% of the municipal waste and 0.18% of the unsorted waste in the case study’s administrative area of Perugia. Another crucial issue is the need for behavioral interventions to increase education and awareness of citizens that are smokers, addressing the discrepancy between smokers’ behaviors and beliefs. The main results, along with the critical issues related to the topics, are highlighted.

Bi-level scheduling model for a novel virtual power plant incorporating waste incineration power plant and electric waste truck considering waste transportation strategy

Bi-level scheduling model for a novel virtual power plant incorporating waste incineration power plant and electric waste truck considering waste transportation strategy

Perencanaan Teknis Operasional Pengelolaan Sampah

BTN Rajawali Residence has 88 building units with type 45 (commercial), if the assumption is that each house is occupied by 5 people, 440 people will produce waste. BTN Rajawali Residence has waste problems such as the lack of available infrastructure so that many people throw garbage out of place. The purpose of this study is to identify waste generation, waste composition and analyze the existing conditions of waste management operational techniques in the housing and then plan waste management operational techniques. Sampling was carried out for eight (8) consecutive days in accordance with SNI 19-3964-1994 on methods of collection and measurement of urban waste and interviews for data collection on the existing conditions of technical waste management operations. The results of this study show that the waste generation of BTN Rajawali Residence Housing is 71.601 kg with an average of 11.934 kg/day/source which is equal to an average of 0.0850 kg/day/person. Based on the results of observations and interviews at the research location, the existing conditions of operational waste management techniques, the BTN Rajawali Resindence housing community has not implemented good waste management operational techniques according to existing regulations. Operational technical planning includes segregation, containerization, collection/transportation, processing and temporary disposal sites (TDS). The planned sorting is based on SNI 19-2454-2002 by sorting wet waste (organic), dry waste (inorganic) and residual waste by each household (from the source), referring to SNI 19-2454-2002 (procedures for urban waste management operational techniques) So, a container with a capacity of 40 liters is planned, with a barrel height of 60 cm, length 40 cm and width 40 cm. Then, it is planned for a waste transportation tool with a capacity of 200 kg of cargo, a tub height of 80 cm, a tub width of 130 cm and a length of 180 cm. The planned waste processing is composting with the individual method and the natural process with a composter barrel height of 50 cm diameter 30 cm. The TPS used to dispose of community waste is a communal TDS developed by the Government of the Environment and Forestry Service (GEFS) of Kendari City.

Comparison between optimal refueling infrastructures for zero emission waste transportation vehicles in Valle Camonica

The aim of this work is to conduct a comprehensive and fair comparison between fleets of vehicles powered by different technologies, namely electricity, compressed hydrogen, and liquid hydrogen. The study followed a well-defined methodology, starting with the development of a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model using MATLAB and the YALMIP toolbox. The primary objective of the model is to minimize the total annual cost associated with the infrastructure required for refuelling the fleet of zero-emission vehicles. The battery electric vehicle refuelling infrastructure is used as a benchmark, with a total annual cost of around 200000 €/y. The compressed hydrogen and liquid hydrogen infrastructure are comprehensive of a solar photovoltaic field. The hydrogen refuelling facility are analysed varying the price of the electricity. In the most profitable configuration, the compressed hydrogen refuelling facility cost around 320000 €/y and for the liquid hydrogen 480000 €/y. The sensitivity analysis, performed varying the cost of electricity, shows that it is never convenient to use hydrogen vehicles even in condition of high electricity prices. When it is possible to use electric vehicles and there are no constraints related to payload, range or refueling logistics they must be employed, as they are the most cost-effective solution to cancel the vehicles emissions.

Analysis Driviing Force, Pressure, State, Impact And Regional Environmental Issues Kediri City

The priority issue in the City of Kediri is waste with the number of households served by waste transportation as much as 98.811% and 1.189% unserved. The population is 284,003 people, if 1.189% of the waste is not collected, then the volume of waste generation is 8.57 m3/day (assuming that each person produces 2.5 liters/person/day of waste), a month collected as much as 251.35 m3. The occurrence of river water pollution due to domestic and industrial waste which discharges its liquid waste into water bodies, and the not optimal processing of WWTP in Industry and Hospitals in the City of Kediri. Design This research uses descriptive analysis that explains environmental issues and problems in the city of Kediri. The variables described are: waste processing, water pollution, and air pollution. The results of this study show that most of the waste processing in the city of Kediri (70%) has not yet carried out waste sorting and processing starting from the source (households). Pollution of river water in the city of Kediri is mostly caused by 60% domestic waste, 40% industrial waste. Air pollution in the city of Kediri has not reached a dangerous limit, namely the results of the air quality index in the city of Kediri 86%. The Kediri City government's response included the construction of a Communal WWTP, tightening permits for disposing of liquid waste (IPLC) for industry and requiring industries/business activities that produce wastewater, to make WWTPs. Efforts made by the Kediri city government to minimize air pollution are greening activities with one sub-district, one green open space, while in the transportation sector, through activities such as procuring mass transportation for school children.