Veterinary Preparations Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONTROL METHODS FOR A FINISHED IODINE- CONTAINING MEDICINAL PRODUCT IN THE STUDY OF THE DISCIPLINE "CHEMISTRY OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS"

The paper highlights the main issues related to the development of methods of quality control of input materials (methods of control of input raw materials), active and auxiliary substances of raw materials, quality control of the ready-to-use veterinary medicinal product "Iodozol", when studying the discipline "Chemistry of medicinal products" by students of higher education. The main questions that may arise for students when developing appropriate specifications for ready-made medicinal products are analyzed. The study was based on the study of the materials of the registration dossier for the veterinary medicine "Iodozol" (solution for intrauterine use, aerosol), obtained from the author's own experience. The article presents the main aspects of the development of quality control methods for the veterinary preparation "Iodozol", an integral stage of which is, in fact, the development of methods for controlling the active and auxiliary substances of the medicine. The analysis and introduction of theoretically based quality control methods for the veterinary medicinal product "Iodozol" into pedagogical activities will allow students to systematize the acquired knowledge, practical skills and their use in future professional activities

Evaluation morphofunctional state of broiler chickens body's under the applica-tion of various doses of Combiiod

One of the key and mandatory prerequisites for the creation and approbation of new veterinary preparations, both in the context of national legislation and the requirements of the International Community for Registration of Veterinary Medicines, is clinical studies in compliance with the provisions of “Good clinical practice” (GCP). This primarily concerns medicines with a new substance, pharmacology, and efficiency, which have not yet been studied. The technology of growing poultry requires the use of veterinary drugs not only for the prevention of infectious diseases but also for the improvement of metabolic functions and correction of the body’s resistance. One of the priority tasks is to ensure the complete work of the digestive system since it depends on the body's absorption of the nutrients required for the growth of poultry. Among poultry farms, there is considerable interest in drugs with antibacterial, general stimulating action, and coccidiostatics, especially those that do not have an elimination period. The company “Brovafarma” LLC has developed a new form of drug based on Povidone-iodine and sodium selenite for oral use of poultry for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, myxomycetes, protozoa organisms sensitive to iodine, and for metabolic disorders. That is why the purpose of our experimental studies was to study the safety of a new veterinary drug “Combiiod”, a “solution for oral use”, for healthy broiler chickens. According to the results of the study, it was found that the feeding of the drug “Combiiod” chickens-broiler at a therapeutic dose (0.2 ml per 1 liter of water) and in 5 multiple therapeutic doses (1.0 ml per 1 liter of water) within 5 days for two courses with weekly interval was well tolerated by the experimental poultry, did not cause death and violation of the morphofunctional state of broiler chickens bodies. In the blood of broiler chickens, which received the drug “Combiiod” at the therapeutic dose, most studied morphological and biochemical indicators were within the physiological values for this type of poultry. They did not differ significantly from the indicators of the control group. In the serum of poultry, which used 5 multiple therapeutic doses, a significant decrease in the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and uric acid and an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the content of bile acids were revealed. Analyzing the coefficients of individual internal organs and mass of broiler chickens, no significant difference in indicators between experimental and control groups has been noted. Pathomorphological examination has not established a violation of the morphofunctional state of broiler chickens ’ bodies, which received a therapeutic dose. Histological changes in the structure of the kidneys, liver, and heart, which were reversed, were found in the poultry that received 5 multiple therapeutic doses of the drug.

МИЦЕЛЛЯРНАЯ ВОДНАЯ СИСТЕМА НА ОСНОВЕ N-ДЕЦИЛПИРИДИНИЙ ХЛОРИДА ДЛЯ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ 5-НИТРО-4,6-ДИХЛОРБЕНЗОФУРОКСАНА

Biologically active compound 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxane (5NDCBFO) has a pronounced acaricidal, fungicidal activity and is a part of veterinary preparations used in the treatment of fungal skin diseases of animals and demodecosis caused by scabies mites of Psoroptes cuniculi species. In this connection, the determination of 5NDCBFO content is relevant. To improve the analytical performance, the determination of the analyte was carried out in a micellar system of N-decylpyridinium chloride (DPC) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + water. Optimum conditions for spectrophotometric analysis were obtained by applying response surface methodology and Box-Benken plans. The Box-Behnken design was used to obtain the systems with the highest light absorption of 5NDCBFO. The independent factors chosen for the experiment planning were the concentration of DPX (X1), pH of the medium (X2) and the volume fraction of DMSO in the binary solvent (DMSO) (X3), the intensity of the absorption band A382 served as the target function. The optimal matrix of the system DPC + DMSO + water we found has the composition X1 = 0.94; X2 = 1; X3 = 1, or in decoded values C (DPC) = 0.087 mol/L; pH = 7.6; DMSO = 0.2. The calibration graph under optimum conditions is as follows: Y = A382= 0.046 + 8760 C (5NDCBFO) mol/L, R2 = 0.999, l = 1 cm, t = 25 C. The influence of sample components on the results of analytical determinations was studied and it was found that the spectrophotometric determination of the analyte was not hindered by their presence within wide limits. The correctness of the analytical determinations was established by the results of applying the technique to the analysis of a model mixture including a known amount of the determined substances. The consistency of the analyte contents found in relation to the quantities introduced was shown. The use of response surface methodology for the determination of 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxane in biologically active preparations allowed to develop a selective and accurate technique using micellar media and spectrophotometric method of analysis.

Determining the fatty acids, polar and non-polar volatile organic compounds of the veterinary preparation “Trametin Plus”

For the prevention and treatment of associated gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of growing stock, a new veterinary preparation “Trametin Plus” is proposed. This drug is obtained from fungi-xylotrophs using biotechnology methods. The properties of such preparations depend on bioactive substances included in their composition.Available publications present miscellaneous information on the lipogenesis features and fatty acids composition synthesized by wood-destroying fungi. In this work, we study the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids and analyze volatile polar and non-polar organic compounds of “Trametin Plus”. The total concentration of fatty acids was found to be 70 µg/g, with 50.0% being free acids and 50.0% being their esters. Squalene was established to be the most dominant non-polar volatile component. Concerning the minor non-polar volatile components of “Trametin Plus”, these are amino acids with a low molecular weight, such as glycine, arginine and β-alanine. The analysis confirms the multicomponent composition of the preparation, which accounts for its diverse biological properties, namely antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and immune-boosting activity. These properties determine the high health-promoting efficacy of the studied veterinary preparation.

Влияние различных типов поверхностно-активных веществ на эмиссию газов и микробиоту жидкой фракции навозных стоков

Various surfactants are widely used in modern industrial animal husbandry. As part of detergents and pharmacological veterinary preparations, surfactants inevitably fall into manure effluents (ME), resulting in a change in the properties of ME. The study of the effect of various types of surfactants on the gas release and microbiota of the liquid fraction (LF) of ME was carried out on the example of surfactants with different biocidal activity: sodium laureth sulfate – anionactive surfactant (AS), lauryldimethylamine oxide – nonionic surfactant (NS) and benzalkonium chloride – cationic surfactant (CS). The studies were conducted under laboratory conditions. The total observation time since the introduction of additives in the LF (0,01 g per 1 liter) was 14 days. The obtained data shows changes in the dynamics of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) and odor-forming substances (H2S, NH3, RSH) emission, as well as in the composition of the microbiota of biofilms and bacterioplankton, under the influence of surfactants. The dynamics of the CH4 emission differ from those of other gases. The use of CS leads to a gradual increase in CH4 emission a week after application. This may be due to increased permeability of the cytoplasmic membranes of methanogenic archaea with increased chemical resistance. The application of various types of surfactants into the LF has different effects on the dynamics of the odor-forming substances emission, and the active emission period of mercaptans becomes longer. The highest level of ethyl mercaptan was observed in the option with NS. There was no significant difference in the effect of low concentrations of various surfactants on the microbiota of LF, however the AS has a more pronounced bacteriostatic effect on set of indicators. The most tolerant to the effects of all types of surfactants were Clostridia, which dominates the microbiota biofilms and bacterioplankton. Fungi were the second most abundant in biofilms of the LF.

Detection of capromorelin in urine following oral and dermal routes of administration.

Capromorelin is a growth hormone secretagogue. Despite promising results to alleviate muscle-wasting in the elderly, it has not advanced further in human development. Subsequent studies demonstrated capromorelin's ability to increase food intake in animals, leading to approval in the United States and Europe as an appetite stimulant for cats (Elura) and dogs (Entyce). Capromorelin is prohibited in sports due to its ability to stimulate growth hormone production and enhance performance. However, given that its veterinary preparation is formulated as a highly concentrated solution (20 or 30 mg/mL) delivered orally, incidental ingestion or dermal absorption may result in an adverse analytical finding (AAF) by way of direct exposure during oral administration to a pet. An administration study was conducted by either oral or transdermal application of capromorelin solution to mimic the scenario of inadvertent exposure to the drug. Ingestion of 30 μg of capromorelin orally (equivalent to 1 μL of Entyce) resulted in detectable amounts of capromorelin in urine for up to 48 h after administration with a maximum urinary concentration of 7ng/mL. Importantly, when applied directly to the skin on the hands in larger quantities mimicking a pet administration exposure scenario (30 mg or 1mL of Entyce), capromorelin was also detected reaching a maximum urinary concentration of 0.7ng/mL. Athletes and testing authorities should be aware of the risk of an AAF arising due to incidental exposure to veterinary preparations of capromorelin. To our knowledge, before 2022, no positive test for capromorelin had ever been reported.

Identification and categorization of diseases in arecanut: a machine learning approach

Arecanut is one of the prominent commercial crops that are grown worldwide for traditional medicines, furniture, cosmetics, food, veterinary preparations, and textile industries. It experiences a variety of diseases during its existence, from the bottom to the tip. The conventional method for detection of diseases is through visual inspection and it is also necessary to have properly designed laboratories to check these harvests. It is a time consuming and tedious task to inspect these crops across wide acres of plantations. The proposed system has been developed that uses convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify and categorize diseases in arecanuts, trunks and leaves also suggesting effective preventative measures. Proprietary dataset consists of 1,100 photos of healthy and diseased arecas. The ratio between the train and test data is 80:20. Binary cross entropy is employed as the loss function for model construction, with accuracy serving as the metrics and Adam serving as the optimizing function. In identification and categorization of arecanut diseases, the suggested approach was shown to be efficient with 93.05% accuracy.

An easy and green assay to determine albendazole and ivermectin in veterinary preparations by micellar liquid chromatography.

A procedure to determine albendazole and ivermectin in veterinary formulations, like tablet, bolus, oral suspensions, and injections by micellar liquid chromatography, has been developed. Sample preparation was a batch solid-to-liquid extraction in mobile phase, consisting of a stirring step (15min), followed by ultrasonication (15min) and filtration of the obtained supernatant, to reach a target concentration of 2mg/L for both analytes. Using a mobile phase of 0.15M sodium dodecyl sulfate-6% 1-pentanol buffered at pH 3 with a 0.01M phosphate salt, running at 1mL/min through a C18 column, both drugs were resolved in less than 10min. Absorbance detection wavelength was 292nm. Procedure was validated by the guidelines of the International Council on Harmonization in terms of specificity, calibration range (0.025-5mg/L), trueness (97.8%-102.6%), precision (<2.2%), and system suitability. The method was found easy-to-handle, low cost, safe, green, and with high sample-throughput, thus useful for routine analysis. Therefore, it represents a valuable alternative for quality control of veterinary formulations. It was applied to samples of veterinary formulations purchased from local chemists and veterinarians, and label claims were inside the acceptance criteria (95%-105%).

Quality evaluation of solid pharmaceutical preparations for veterinary use containing cephalexin

The analysis of pharmaceuticals is fundamental in both human and veterinary medicine. In this context, quality control must accompany the process from the acquisition of raw material to the transformation into a finished product, since its goal is to ensure safe and effective drugs for human or animal consumption. Considering the significant increase in veterinary prescriptions containing antimicrobial drugs, the present work carried out a search for information about the qualification of veterinary preparations available in the national market, highlighting, through legislation, the quality parameters applied to pharmaceutical products for veterinary use. The quality of solid pharmaceutical preparations containing cephalexin, acquired in the national veterinary pharmaceutical market, was also evaluated. The six different brands of cephalexin tablets and coated tablets analyzed in this study were approved with regard to identification, average weight, determination of mechanical strength in tablets, disintegration test, and content. The results of the determination of the content varied between 94.9% and 103%, being within the limits indicated for preparations for human use, as recommended by USP 44 and the Brazilian Pharmacopeia 6th edition. Even so, it is important to emphasize the need for improvement in the legislation that regulates the quality control of medicines for veterinary use, since the norms are not very specific, with an absence of parameters, specifications, and release procedures that ensure which tests should be performed. This study is a perspective that can bring subsidies for investigations of other therapeutic classes, considering the large number of formulations available in the Brazilian market of veterinary medicines.

СОРБЦИЯ КАДМИЯ И СВИНЦА ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫМИ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ГЕКСАЦИАНОФЕРРАТОВ

The development of new drugs and feed additives to reduce the accumulation of anthropogenic and natural toxicants (heavy metals, radionuclides, mycotoxins, pesticides, etc.) in the body of farm animals and livestock products remains an urgent task. One of the ways to solve it is to create multifunctional products containing ferrocyanides (hexacyanoferrates) of transition metals as active substances. In medicine and veterinary medicine, enterosorbents based on compounds of this class are used as independent pharmacological agents, and in the form of composite preparations, which are obtained by fixing ferrocyanides on carrier substances of different origin and chemical composition. To study the possibility of using certain substances as carriers in the creation of new composite preparations and to assess their effect on the detoxification properties of ferrocyanides, the sorption efficiency of a number of mineral and organic substances with respect to Cd and Pb was studied. It was found that the background content of Cd and Pb in the tested substances does not exceed the maximum permissible levels of these toxicants in feed, feed additives and veterinary preparations. Under in vitro conditions, the biomass of the fungus Inonotus obliquus (chaga), the preparations ferrocin, bifezh and KhZh-90, zeolite tuff shivyrtuin, smectite dioctahedral, white soot and chitosan succinate have the greatest efficiency of Cd and Pb sorption (with respect to Cd – 50.4-89.0%, Pb – 58.3-95.1%). The combined presence of Cd and Pb reduces the sorption capacity of most of the tested substances by 1.6-63.6%.

Ivermectin exposures reported to the Poisons Information Helpline in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that has shown in vitro activity against COVID‑19. Clinical studies supporting ivermectin for COVID‑19 prevention and treatment are conflicting, with important limitations. Public support for ivermectin is significant, with extensive off-label use despite the conflicting views on its efficacy. Ivermectin tablets and injectable formulations are not registered in South Africa for human use by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority. The National Department of Health does not currently recommend the use of ivermectin for COVID‑19. To describe cases of ivermectin exposure reported to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape (PIHWC) before and after publication of the drug's in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. In a retrospective review, ivermectin-related calls reported to the PIHWC from 1 June 2015 to 30 June 2020 (period 1) were compared with calls received from 1 July 2020 to 31 July 2021 (period 2), dichotomised according to the first publication indicating ivermectin activity against SARS-CoV-2. Seventy-one cases were screened, and 65 were included for analysis; 19 cases were reported during period 1 and 46 during period 2. During period 2, 25 ivermectin cases (54.3%) were related to COVID‑19 use. Of these, 24 cases (52.2%) involved veterinary preparations, 3 (6.5%) human preparations and 19 (41.3%) unknown preparations. Fourteen cases (73.7%) during period 1 and 30 (65.2%) during period 2 were reported to be symptomatic. The most common organ systems involved were the central nervous (n=26 cases; 40.0%), gastrointestinal (n=18; 27.7%), ocular (n=9; 13.8%) and dermatological (n=5; 7.7%) systems. Ivermectin-related exposure calls increased during study period 2, probably as a result of ivermectin being used as preventive and definitive therapy for COVID‑19 in the absence of robust evidence on efficacy, dosing recommendations or appropriate formulations.

OBTAINING TRANSOVARIAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS WHEN CREATING NEW VETERINARY BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

The methods of obtaining of transovarial immunoglobulins for the development of veterinary biological preparation of a new generation are shown in the article. In the process of the research, the most effective method of isolat-ing of transovarial immunoglobulins was determined - the method using organic solvents, and also the most optimal way to purify them by precipitation using PEG-6000, which allows to obtain the maximum result at relatively low cost. The results of the study of structural and functional features of the obtained yolk immunoglobulins of laying hens IgY in a comparative aspect are presented.

EFFICACY OF THE DRUG «SULFAPRIMUM 48 BT» AGAINST THE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF CARP

Significant economic damage to pond farms is caused by infectious diseases of bacterial etiology of carp. When conducting therapy and chemoprophylaxis, it is necessary to take into account the sensitivity of the causative agents of bacterioses to antibiotics used in farms, to which resistance is gradually developing in bacteria. Therefore, the search for new highly effective and harmless means of treatment and prevention of aeromonosis is an urgent prob-lem of modern fish farming. The use of the veterinary preparation «Sulfaprimum 48 BT» for carp aeromonosis allows to obtain a high therapeutic effect and does not adversely affect the fish organism.

MARKET ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL VETERINARY PREPARATIONS IN UKRAINE AND THE EFFICACY OF INACTIVATED VACCINES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE

The article presents a range analysis of the registered immunobiological preparations on&#x0D; Ukrainian market with a emphasis on inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease in poultry, as well as the results of comparative immunogenic efficacy evaluation of inactivated vaccines of domestic manufacturer Biotestlab Ltd and products of importer manufacturer.&#x0D; According to the List of Veterinary Immunobiological Preparations, 594 veterinary immunobiological preparations are registered in Ukraine as at October 5, 2020 where 84 of them are live and inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease in poultry. These vaccines are mono- and polyvalent and represent 14.1 % of the total number of immunobiological preparations. Inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease are represented by 35 preparations, which is 5.9 % of total quantity and where 23 % are monovalent and 77 % are polyvalent - in which a component against Newcastle disease are one of the valent.&#x0D; According to the results of comparative studies of mono- and polyvalent vaccines against Newcastle disease of domestic manufacturer «Biotestlab» Ltd and vaccines of the importers was found that all studied drugs are immunogenic and provide protection of poultry sector against Newcastle disease.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF NEOMYCIN SULPHATE IN VETERINARY PREPARATIONS WITH PRECOLUMN DERIVATIZATION AND FLUORESCENT DETECTION

The aim of work was to develop a method for the identification and quantification of neomycin sulfate in intracisternal veterinary preparations. The method was developed and validated by: selectivity, linearity and suitability parameters of the chromatographic system. A four-component intracisternal drug with a 25 mg/g neomycin content was used as an object sample for method development. The standard sample and the test sample were dissolved in purified water to a concentration of 100 μg/ml, followed by derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride at room temperature. The total uncertainty of the analysis was 1.62 %, which is within the limits recommended in SFU 2.0. The samples were separated on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 chromatograph equipped with an Acclaim C18 150 × 4.6.5 μm chromatographic column. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water in a volume ratio of 95:5. Neomycin sulfate was detected fluorescently at wavelengths λex - 254 nm, λem - 303 nm.&#x0D; Under the above conditions, it was possible to completely separate the two isoforms of neomycin (retention time of chromatographic peaks - 6.57 min and 6.98 min), 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride and other components of the study drug (retention time of the corresponding chromatographic peaks - 2-5 min). In this case, the parameters of the suitability of the chromatographic system did not exceed the limits specified in the recommendations of the USA Food and Drug Association. For peaks of neomycin sulfate, the efficiency of the chromatographic system was 7700–7950 theoretical plates. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the peak areas of the active substance was ± 0.33%, and the coefficient of separation of the peaks (RS) of neomycin sulfate from the peaks of the derivatization reagent and other components of the drug was 11.9. The coefficient of peak symmetry was 1.18. The calibration curves were linear in the recommended SFU 2.0 range (80–120% of the nominal concentration of the corresponding active substance). The coefficient of linearity (R2) for the sum of neomycin sulfate peak areas was – 0.9991.

Using Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene for the Multicomponent Solid-Phase Extraction of Residues of 63 Veterinary Preparations in Their Determination in Chicken Meat by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Using Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene for the Multicomponent Solid-Phase Extraction of Residues of 63 Veterinary Preparations in Their Determination in Chicken Meat by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Practices of Medicinal Plants Used By the Local Peoples in Veterinary Medicine in Lohagara Upazila of Narail District, Bangladesh

Purpose: The current investigation is aimed at medicinal plants used by the local people in veterinary medicines in Lohagara Upazila of Narail district, Bangladesh. Methodology: The present study was carried out from November 2018 to March 2020. Practices of veterinary medicinal data were documented following semi-structured questionnaires, field observations and interviews with housewives, cattle owners, and traditional healers and elderly persons. Results: In the research area, a total of 17 veterinary preparations were studied in which 34 medicinal plant species belonging to 29 genre and 22 families were documented. Conclusion: The present researches were preliminary veterinary practice methods and their ordinary utilization.

Some aspects of analysis of the Ukrainian legislation regulating the production of veterinary medicines

The aim of the work was to study the current state of domestic legislation of state regulation in the field of licensing the activities of business entities manufacturing veterinary medicinal products and its harmonization with the requirements of the European Union. Materials and methods. The research materials were regulatory and legislative acts, regulations and principles of the state policy of Ukraine connected with licensing the activities of business entities manufacturing veterinary medicinal products, in force from 2015 to the present. To carry out this study, the methods of information retrieval, systematization, analytics, graphic, comparison, and data generalization were used. Results. The article presents the main results of the analysis of the Ukrainian legislation which regulates the production of veterinary medicines and preparations. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that in the period from 2015 to 2018, Ukrainian manufacturers of veterinary medicinal products worked in such conditions that did not require a license for this type of activity. By the decree of the President of Ukraine, the program of sustainable strategic development of the country “Ukraine-2020” was approved which provided for reforms in the format of deregulation and the development of entrepreneurship and excluded the necessity of licenses for veterinary drugs production. Conclusions. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the Law of Ukraine “On Licensing of Types of Economic Activities” dated March 3, 2015 No. 222-VIII was actually aimed at reducing the governmental influence and regulatory pressure on the activities of business entities involved in the production of veterinary medicinal preparations.

The efficiency of the correction of metabolism and normalization of reproductive function of cows with the use of modified iodinol

The article presents theoretical substantiation for injecting a iodometabolic composition based on the well-known veterinary preparation iodinol in combination with succinic acid to correct pathobiochemical precesses of highly productive cows. Until recently injection method of the preparation administration in clinical veterinary medicine has not been considered and is not practiced/ The main deterrent was the old regulations that only regulated the external ana oral use of the preparation. More recently the possibility of injecting iodinol to accelerate the recovery of reproductive function in cows was successfully implemented in the dissertation study of Vitol V.A. (2010). The modification of iodinol with the inclusion of the hepatoprotector succunic acid as a strong metabolic is even more promising for its use in infectious and non-infectious pathology. In our research the injectable method of using iodinol in a complex with succinic acid was tested on highly productive cows during intensive endogenous lipolysis with well- expressed symptoms of metabolic acidosis, ketoacidosis, a high risk of developing fatty hepatosis and an unfavorable prognosis of practical use, According to the results of clinical studies it was found out that the cows of the first experimental group in which iodinol was tested in combination with succinic acid, protein content, total lipids, cholesterol, and glucose were already within the average physiological values on the 15th day. This indicated that energy processes of fat oxidation in the liver began to proceed without any deviations. Actually this is evidenced by the low levels of ketone bodies. On the contrary, the use of pharmacopeic iodinol in the second group did not have such a pronounced metabolic effect. In the animals of this group all biochemical parameters were either lower (glucose) or higher (total lipids, total bilirubin, cholesterol, ketone bodies, ASAT and ALAT transamination enzymes) than physiological values. This had a positive impact on the health of cows and the restoration of their reproductive ability. Within 60 days of lactation period the indicators of the cows disposal were as follows: 3 (3.5 %) in the first group of 83 cows, 9 (10.7 %) in the second group of 84, and 25 (25.5 %) in the third (control) group of 98 animals. Thus, a technologically simple approach to correcting metabolism with the availability and environmental safety of the components can reduce the severity of the problem of ensuring the health of high-yielding cows.

Еffectiveness of veterinary preparation “Тriolact” when treating mastitis in cows

As a result of the studies, it was found that the drug “Triolact”, intended for the treatment of cows with mastitis, has a high therapeutic efficiency, which amounted to 96%. The product is easy to use, does not cause complications, and contributes to the fastest restoration of cow productivity and milk quality.