Modern Vector Research Articles

A Skewed Multi-banked Cache for Many-core Vector Processors

As the number of cores and the memory bandwidth have increased in a balanced fashion, modern vector processors achieve high sustained performances, especially in memory-intensive applications in the fields of science and engineering. However, it is difficult to significantly increase the off-chip memory bandwidth owing to the limitation of the number of input/output pins integrated on a single chip. Under the circumstances, modern vector processors have adopted a shared cache to realize a high sustained memory bandwidth. The shared cache can effectively reduce the pressure to the off-chip memory bandwidth by keeping reusable data that multiple vector cores require. However, as the number of vector cores sharing a cache increases, more different blocks requested from multiple cores simultaneously use the same set. As a result, conflict misses caused by these blocks degrade the performance. In order to avoid increasing the conflict misses in the case of the increasing number of cores, this paper proposes a skewed cache for many-core vector processors. The skewed cache prevents the simultaneously requested blocks from being stored into the same set. This paper discusses how the most important two features of the skewed cache should be implemented in modern vector processors: hashing function and replacement policy. The proposed cache adopts the oddmultiplier displacement hashing for effective skewing and the static re-reference interval prediction policy for reasonable replacing. The evaluation results show that the proposed cache significantly improves the performance of a many-core vector processor by eliminating conflict misses.

Sustainability and Digitalization of Corporate Management Based on Augmented/Virtual Reality Tools Usage: China and Other World IT Companies’ Experience

The article is tasked with studying the modern possibilities and effectiveness of the application of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the field of managing human recourses (HRs) and basic operational corporate business processes. Using examples of successful use of AR (augmented reality)/VR (virtual reality) in the labor market by the largest companies in the USA, China, and Europe, the most relevant areas and forms of using these technologies in the work of HR specialists were considered. The study examined issues related to improving the performance of the main modern vectors of corporate development in the field of operational technological improvements, and, as the main result, a model of the company (organization) development was proposed based on improved management of business and HR processes using VR and AR tools. The developed model demonstrates the advantages of using it, and presents the reasons for the economic expediency of using these technologies at all stages of personnel management, including recruiting, staff selection, demonstration of the employer’s brand, testing candidates’ skills, improving internal communications, creating a positive corporate culture for employees, imitating the workflow, VR and AR-simulations as a tool for passing the input testing for recruitment, selection and management of remote employees, training, assessment, and adaptation of staff. The possibilities of using VR/AR as tools for operational improvements (lean management), for example, for organizing virtual business meetings and meetings, creating virtual presentations, online controlling in the manufacturing sector, automating operational processes, and using VR technologies, are also separately disclosed in the management of logistics, distribution, marketing, and advertising. The results of the analysis of theoretical and statistical sources of information showed the promise of using the possibilities of virtual reality in corporate management, which shifts the emphasis from the traditional understanding and perception of these technologies exclusively in the entertainment field. The obtained developments within the framework of the conducted research are universal in nature and can be applicable both in the study of modern methods of personnel management and in corporate lean management of modern business companies at various levels.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СОЦІОГУМАНІТАРНОГО ПРОСТОРУ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ: ДОСВІД ПОЛЬЩІ ТА УРОКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

Розкрито, що сучасна стратегія сталого розвитку України має передбачати розбудову національно консолідованого, духовно-інтелектуального, відкрито демократичного, культурно розмаїтого, креативно-інформаційного суспільства, де головною домінантою виступає гармонізація соціального середовища з активними горизонтальними і вертикальними зв’язками, які базуються на всебічно вивіреному інституціональному забезпеченні. Метою такої стратегії, з урахуванням втрати значної частини економічного потенціалу, трагічних жертв і міграції з Криму і Сходу України, є забезпечення національної ідентичності, історичної соборності, всебічної самореалізації, соціалізації та гідного рівня життя, безпеки, формування інноваційно динамічної економіки і системи вітчизняної освіти, науки, культури, медицини, фізичної культури і спорту, відпочинку, інформаційної інтеграції української нації у цивілізований світ. Метою даної статті є дослідження особливостей прояву соціогуманітарного простору на сталий розвиток регіонів України та розробка просторової моделі організації соціальної інфраструктури в умовах децентралізованого управління на основі досвіду Польщі. Визначено структурно функціональну та просторово регулюючу компоненти соціогуманітарного простору. Встановлено, що заклади та інститути соціальної інфраструктури характеризуються диверсифікованими властивостями, які є базою для визначення просторової моделі організації соціальної інфраструктури. Ця модель залежить від взаємозв’язку інфраструктурних закладів з простором, що обслуговується, а також від кількості та структури населення цього простору. Показано, що на основі польського досвіду розроблено просторову модель організації соціальної інфраструктури соціогуманітарного простору України, яка базується на чіткому розмежуванні завдань, обов’язків і відповідальності між органами центральної влади та місцевого самоврядування. Визначено вектори модернізації соціальної інфраструктури соціогуманітарного простору регіонів України.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗМУ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ США (ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД)

This article deals with the analyzing the forming professionalism of the USA future physicians, the approaches to the formation of future physicians are highlighted, in particular Janelle Cox’s approaches are analyzed that are necessary for a lecturer in teaching disciplines, including for the preparation of the future physicians at the USA higher learning institutions, they are: tolerance, use of the latest technologies, creativity, team play, management of on-line technologies, communicative, search of the necessary resources on the Internet network, continuous training, feeling the subject study, adaptation to new the students and their ability to learn the necessary subject.Following to the historicism principles, we briefly analyzed the facts that were the impetus for the formation of the USA students’ professionalism, in particular future physicians. From the point of history, the higher education in the United States has certain characteristics, in particular that the type of higher education in the United States has become a general higher education, which had a long formation way.It is important to create the modern education in the context of certain requirements and capabilities with international standards and which are differ in the quality of knowledge, skills, and approaches to the process of mastering the disciplines, to the formation of specialists’ professionalism, in particular future physicians. To solve the problem of forming the students’ professionalism successfully at higher learning institutions in Ukraine, it is necessary to study the foreign experiences and introduce the best one into the education process.However, it’s not necessary to borrow and copy the foreign experience. It is necessary to ensure the possibility of adapting this experience to the general cultural, socio-economic and institutional conditions of Ukraine, to diagnose the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation, and of course to take into account the traditions and achievements in the activities of domestic higher learning institutions that correspond to modern education development vectors in the world.

ПОЛІТИКА УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВІТОЮ УКРАЇНИ ТА ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ

This article highlights the main direct reforms of secondary education in Ukraine and Great Britain. In particular, it is about the revision of the national curriculum, improvement of the educational system in accordance with the world’s standards. Paper shows changes in education and its reforms. The mechanisms of implementation of the basic European norms and standards in the formation of the modern vector of development of national education are identified and the problem of knowingly regulated improvement of school education is revealed. The course of programs of educational systems is analyzed here. Education is the only sphere where a society adjusts its needs. English educational traditions are characterized by the persistence of traditions, differing in their organization, content and prospects. The British government is not willing to change in their educational system, although it believes that they should be up-to-date, should fulfill the function of spiritual formation of both man and mankind in general, not to make a breakthrough in achieving spiritual and intellectual progress of educational policy. The state of affairs in the school education system of Great Britain in recent years is clear evidence of great achievements in this area. The equilibrium of the quantity and quality of education is dictated by the new, diverse, growing requirements of the world. The traditions of the rapid development of society, the rapid increase of international mobility, and the peculiarities of the future student’s training determine the flexible response to changes in the structure of the system of education and public life. Modern trends have led to the unification of curricula and programs at the level of educational content. The article contains a number of helpful tips which are studied, analyzed and are being implemented as a piece of practical advice on the subject. However, the changes invent new approaches, and this leads to a search for new possible ways that may influence the education system in a better way.

Efficiency analysis of modern vector architectures: vector ALU sizes, core counts and clock frequencies

Moore’s Law predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would double approximately every 2 years. However, this trend is arriving at an impasse. Optimizing the usage of the available transistors within the thermal dissipation capabilities of the packaging is a pending topic. Multi-core processors exploit coarse-grain parallelism to improve energy efficiency. Vectorization allows developers to exploit data-level parallelism, operating on several elements per instruction and thus, reducing the pressure to the fetch and decode pipeline stages. In this paper, we perform an analysis of different resource optimization strategies for vector architectures. In particular, we expose the need to break down voltage and frequency domains for LLC, ALUs and vector ALUs if we aim to optimize the energy efficiency and performance of our system. We also show the need for a dynamic reconfiguration strategy that adapts vector register length at runtime.

Noisy gradient meshes: Augmenting gradient meshes with procedural noise

We extend the gradient mesh vector graphics primitive with procedural noise functions. Specifically, we couple Perlin, Worley and Gabor noise to the gradient mesh. We allow local parameters controlling the noise functions to be defined at the vertices of the mesh. The parameters are interpolated along with the geometry similarly to how colour is interpolated in an ordinary gradient mesh, allowing for spatially varying noise patterns.These noisy gradient meshes facilitate a sparse representation of high frequency regions along with underlying smooth colour gradients. The meshes are easy to edit and efficient to evaluate on graphics hardware, making them a suitable candidate for inclusion in modern vector graphics authoring tools. We demonstrate the utility of our method on gradient meshes with added noise functions. Additionally, we show that the approach can be used in combination with regular surface meshes where noise functions are used to govern their displacement mapping.

Perspectives Of Popularization Of Oceanographic Information Systems Based On Internet

The Internet version of the interactive geoinformation system names as «Crimea Sea Coast» based on javascript programming language and the modern open library «leaflet» is described. Development of a product supposed to use of the modern vector graphics technologies, such as D3, Flot and other superstructures over javascript. The main attention is paid to operational representation of full-scale results observations with assessment of Crimea coastal zone dynamics in general. Options of such approach are already realized with use of data on measurement of coast line position of the northwest coast now. In addition, the system reserves the special section described the basis and results of the implementation of the previously developed cadastral assessment of the Crimea beaches, including their recreational areas, economic assessment of recreational resources, as well as the results of comprehensive interdisciplinary monitoring of Sevastopol Bay environmental condition for the period from 1998 to the present, including a cartographic representation of the geographical elements of the region as a whole. The results of monitoring allow to realize visualization of spatial distributions of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the bay sea environment in the digital format defined by user, to perform the construction of vertical distributions, and also to calculate some ecological indexes. The final version of the system is expected to be posted on the official website of Marine Hydrophysical Institute.

Performance Evaluation of Different Implementation Schemes of an Iterative Flow Solver on Modern Vector Machines

Modern supercomputers consist of multi-core processors, and these processors have recently employed vector instructions, or so-called SIMD instructions, to improve performances. Numerical simulations need to be vectorized in order to achieve higher performance on these processors. Various legacy numerical simulation codes that have been utilized for a long time often contain two versions of source codes: a non-vectorized version and a vectorized version that is optimized for old vector supercomputers. It is important to clarify which version is better for modern supercomputers in order to achieve higher performance. In this paper, we evaluate the performances of a legacy fluid dynamics simulation code called FASTEST on modern supercomputers in order to provide a guidepost for migrating such codes to modern supercomputers. The solver has a nonvectorized version and a vectorized version, and the latter uses the hyperplane ordering method for vectorization. For the evaluation, we also implement the red-black ordering method, which is another way to vectorize the solver. Then, we examine the performance on NEC SX-ACE, SXAurora TSUBASA, Intel Xeon Gold, and Xeon Phi. The results show that the shortest execution times are with the red-black ordering method on SX-ACE and SX-Aurora TSUBASA, and with the non-vectorized version on Xeon Gold and Xeon Phi. Therefore, achieving a higher performance on multiple modern supercomputers potentially requires maintenance of multiple code versions. We also show that the red-black ordering method is more promising to achieve high performance on modern supercomputers.

Russia and the Eurasian economic Union: a comparative analysis of the sectoral structure of the economy and industrial policy

The main objectives of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU), as an international economic integration, are to increase the sustainability of socio-economic development and competitiveness of industrial complexes of the member States on the basis of the formation of a new model of development and implementation of a coordinated industrial policy. The main feature of the EAEU is the clear dominance of Russia in a number of indicators, including population, GDP, industrial production, exports and imports, mutual trade, and investment. It is proved that the considered economic integration as a whole led to the change after a long-term decline in the negative dynamics of GDP to positive according to official statistics and analytical reports of international organizations for the period 2013–2018 at the expense of a coordinated industrial policy. Namely, industrial policy determines the vector of modernization of national economies and regulates the volume and sectoral structure of GDP. The features and tools of industrial policy strategies implementation are revealed. In accordance with the classification of industrial development strategies adopted by the UN conference on trade and development (UNCTAD), the article defines the types and tools of applied industrial policy strategies in the EAEU member States. The results of cross-country comparisons of the main macroeconomic indicators show that the structure of national economies and the level of socio-economic development of the EAEU member States are uneven and differ significantly. At the same time, the structure of the national economy of Russia does not meet modern challenges in comparison with such developed countries as the USA and Germany. A special role in the EAEU is played by mutual trade, demonstrating much greater resistance to crisis processes, and foreign trade with third countries. The transition to a coordinated industrial policy contributes to the strengthening of intra-sectoral nature of mutual trade in the EAEU.

Цифровізація як вектор розвитку економічних систем та модернізації системи бухгалтерського обліку

Цифровізація як вектор розвитку економічних систем та модернізації системи бухгалтерського обліку

Role of legal forecasting in formation, functioning and development of legal bases “zones of knowledge” systems of integration associations of the states on the example of the Eurasian economic union (EEU)

In article the social and legal space of the European economic union is investigated, the concept, spheres and features of a system of "a zone of knowledge" of EEU and the predictive directions of modernization of its legal base are proved. The role of legal forecasting in formation and functioning of legal bases of a system of "a zone of knowledge" of integration association reveals. The author suggests to develop and adopt at the level of the leading structures of integration education the Strategy of development for a legal system of EEU in the conditions of globalization taking into account national self-identification with designation of vectors of modernization of all spheres in it "zones of knowledge", other parts of a legal system of integration community, formation of optimum parameters of balance between them and ratios of its integrative and communicative functions on purpose, from one party, harmonization of the international and national legal standards, the principles, institutes and norms and, with another - oppositions to global challenges and threats and protection of national interests.

Microwave Characterization of Low-Loss FDM 3-D Printed ABS With Dielectric-Filled Metal-Pipe Rectangular Waveguide Spectroscopy

Over time, the accuracy and speed by which a material can be characterized should improve. Today, the Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) methodology represents a well-established method for extracting complex dielectric properties at microwave frequencies, with the use of a modern vector network analyzer. However, as will be seen, this approach suffers from three fundamental limitations to accuracy. Challenging NRW methods requires a methodical and robust investigation. To this end, using a dielectric-filled metal-pipe rectangular waveguide, five independent approaches are employed to accurately characterize the sample at the Fabry–Perot resonance frequency (non-frequency dispersive modeling). In addition, manual Graphical and automated Renormalization spectroscopic approaches are introduced for the first time in the waveguide. The results from these various modeling strategies are then compared and contrasted to NRW approaches. As a timely exemplar, 3-D printed acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) samples are characterized and the results are compared with existing data available in the open literature. It is found that the various Fabry–Perot resonance model results all agree with one another and validate the two new spectroscopic approaches; in doing so, exposing three limitations of the NRW methods. It is also shown that extracted dielectric properties for ABS differ from previously reported results and reasons for this are discussed. From measurement noise resilience analysis, a methodology is presented for determining the upper bound signal-to-noise ratio for the vector network analyzer (not normally associated with such instrumentation). Finally, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3-D printing can result in a non-homogeneous sample that excites open-box mode resonances. This phenomenon is investigated for the first time analytically and with various modeling strategies.

Optimization of automatic exclusion algorithm of the vector network analyzer measuring equipment

Automatic elimination of measuring equipment (deambedding) in measuring S-parameters has become widespread with the development of modern vector network analyzers. This handy feature allows to get the measurement results in the “ready form”, eliminating the need to perform calculations manually with the transformation of S-parameters matrices many times (by the number of points in the source *.s2p file). At the same time, this function has certain limitations that become critical with the exclusion of measuring equipment with large (more than 30 dB) losses. This paper describes the experience of determining the limitations of the applicability of the deambedding operation, provides an analysis of the reasons for their existence, and also suggests a method for eliminating these limitations.

A New SOLT Calibration Method for Leaky On-Wafer Measurements Using a 10-Term Error Model

We present a new short-open-load-thru (SOLT) calibration method for on-wafer S-parameter measurements. The new calibration method is based on a 10-term error model which is a simplified version of the 16-term error model. Compared with the latter, the former ignores all signal leakages except the ones between the probes. Experimental results show that this is valid for modern vector network analyzers. The advantage of using this 10-term error model is that the exact values of all error terms can be obtained by using the same calibration standards as the conventional SOLT method. This avoids not only the singularity problem with approximate methods, such as least squares, but also the usage of additional calibration standards. In this paper, we first demonstrate how the 10-term error model is developed, and then, the experimental verification of the theory is given. Finally, a practical application of the error model using a 10-dB attenuator from 140 to 220 GHz is presented. Compared with the conventional SOLT calibration method without crosstalk corrections, the new method shows approximately 1-dB improvement in the transmission coefficients of the attenuator at 220 GHz.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ВИТРАТ БЮДЖЕТНИХ КОШТІВ НА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЮ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ

У статті досліджено прагматику бюджетного забезпечення діяльності органів державної влади та місцевого самоврядування в Україні. Проаналізовано динаміку, склад і структуру витрат державного та місцевих бюджетів України за видами діяльності та функціями держави. На підставі оцінки залежності зміни обсягу валового внутрішнього продукту від зміни обсягу витрат бюджету обґрунтовано доцільність і напрями оптимізації використання бюджетних коштів. Наголошено на актуальних проблемах управління бюджетними ресурсами, що дало змогу обґрунтувати вектори модернізації бюджетної політики в контексті удосконалення бюджетного забезпечення діяльності держави в сучасних умовах.

ARCHETYPE OF UKRAINIAN ETHNIC TURISM IN SYMBOLIC CONTEXT OF LOCAL IDENTITY: MANAGEMENT ASPECT

The article is devoted to the study of the management aspects of the influence of archetypal components of Ukrainian ethnics on the process of formation of the collective local identity of the population living on a certain territory. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the archetype of the place influences the peculiarities of development of tourism varieties in Ukraine. Ukrainian ethnic tourism is singled out as one of the popular domestic resources of the country’s promotion, which is “tied” to the authentic indigenous traditions of the people. It is specified that the specificity of Ukrainian ethnic tourism lies in its polyculture and is manifested through such varieties as: rural ecological, religious, pilgrimage, festival, ethnographic, cultural and cognitive, extreme, event and other types of tourism, which are clearly reflected in the symbolic contexts of local identity. The emphasis is on the timely introduction of the definition of “ethno tourism” in the legal field of tourism. An importance of participation of the local community in the formation of principles of collective local identity is illustrated through the work of the Dnipro Development Agency Public Utility Company in Dnipro. The original procedure of cross-links that determine the interdependence of peculiarities of formation of collective local identity from the mental archetype of the population on some areas of the administrative-territorial unit is presented. We determined the directions of activity of local government bodies in the process of public-private partnership with the representatives of business and the public, among which: creation of conditions for the recognition of the heredity of the traditions of the population of the territory; organization and conduct of socio-educational, moral and spiritual, cultural and cognitive events, that unite the ethnic community; development and implementation of socio-economic and cultural historical programs of the territory development etc. The conclusion is drawn that the Ukrainian mental archetype is formed under the influence of socio-political, cultural and historical development of the Ukrainian state. Its current stage is under the influence of Ukrainian ethnic Renaissance, which determines modern vectors of the development of domestic tourism through Ukrainian ethnic tourism, which is based on the values of Ukrainian ethno-geocultural phenomenon.

Effective Learning and Teaching Strategies for Microwave Engineering [Speaker's Corner

The ideal combination of teaching/learning strategies includes detailed derivations of important formulas in classroom lectures, plus well-designed laboratory practice to help students understand the physics behind the theories. For example, a 1-h lecture on microwave network parameters combined with a 2-h laboratory for measuring a microwave bandpass filter’s S-parameters with a modern vector network analyzer would be an excellent knowledge module for understanding the following important conceptual

An ancient family of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases with roles in arthropod development and biomass digestion

Thermobia domestica belongs to an ancient group of insects and has a remarkable ability to digest crystalline cellulose without microbial assistance. By investigating the digestive proteome of Thermobia, we have identified over 20 members of an uncharacterized family of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). We show that this LPMO family spans across several clades of the Tree of Life, is of ancient origin, and was recruited by early arthropods with possible roles in remodeling endogenous chitin scaffolds during development and metamorphosis. Based on our in-depth characterization of Thermobia’s LPMOs, we propose that diversification of these enzymes toward cellulose digestion might have endowed ancestral insects with an effective biochemical apparatus for biomass degradation, allowing the early colonization of land during the Paleozoic Era. The vital role of LPMOs in modern agricultural pests and disease vectors offers new opportunities to help tackle global challenges in food security and the control of infectious diseases.

Імперативи комплементарного розвитку в аграрній сфері

Modern vector of agriculture policy development in leading countries is oriented to complementary characteristics of agro-food systems, where production of actual and public goods are combined. Taking into account the complementary nature of connections between agriculture and rural developments, specific policy regulations and financial instruments are used in order to keep the proper balance. For transition to such policy-making in Ukrainian realities, it makes sense to start using the term as a united subject of state regulation and state financial support instead of the currently used term agro-industrial complex or agrarian sector. Introduction of the term of agrosphere in the policy-making process would ensure that regulation is made for a multi-level and multi-functional system, covering social, economic and environmental aspects, directly connected with food self-fulfillment and export potential fulfillment. Complementarity in agrosphere development is envisioned as inter-connection between agriculture and rural area, under which, as a result of their cooperation, effectiveness of the production, and welfare of rural population increase and broad recovery of production resources is ensured in a certain territory. Transition to complementary development of agrosphere consists in the introduction of the new system of state regulation, which can protect traditional agriculture and village based on public understanding of their complementary nature and form general opposition to the current state of relations between agro-business, natural resources and rural communities. This would require significant public expenditures (first of all financial), involvement of socially responsible private investments and environmentally safe technologies, and specific political instruments, in particular science-based socioeconomic planning on the national level.