Varieties Golden Research Articles

Влияние азотного питания на урожайность и аккумулирование нитратов отечественными и зарубежными сортами столовой свеклы в условиях Ленинградской области

The selection of varieties and the level of nitrogen nutrition are important technological elements that determine the yield and quality of table beets when grown on sod-podzolic soil. The article discusses the varietal response of table beet varieties to an increased level of nitrogen nutrition N180 and deficient N0. The varieties that accumulate the maximum and minimum amount of nitrates in different phases of growth and development, more effectively using soil nitrogen compounds or nitrogen fertilizers are identified. The varieties Golden Beet (9.12 kg/m2), Kholodostoykaya 12 (8.94 kg/m2) turned out to be more responsive than others to the application of an increased dose of nitrogen fertilizers, and the greatest increase in the yield of root crops to the background N0 was obtained in the varieties Kholodostoykaya 19, Tsilindra, Egyptian flat and PabloF1. Keywords: TABLE BEET, NITROGEN NUTRITION, VARIETIES, NITRATES, YIELD

Comparative Evaluation of Calcium Sources and their Mode of Use on Apple Production in Acidic Soil under High Density Plantation System

Apples grown in Kashmir province are extremely prone to deterioration, particularly in post-harvest storage. Calcium is amongst the vital mineral element deceiving apple fruit quality, predominantly in acid soils deficit in available calcium. Calcium in sufficient quantity helps to retain apple fruit firmness and reduces the occurrence of physiological disorders, it also plays essential role to improve yield and quality of produce. Modes of calcium application and its different doses on two apple varieties was tested to improve yield and quality at Ambri Apple Research Centre, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India. The direct application of calcium to apple as spray is most effective method for escalating fruit calcium content and quality. Among sources and their mode of application calcium nitrate foliar application performed better than foliar application of calcium chloride in improving fruit quality and yield of Golden Delicious than Red Chief Camspur, whereas soil application of calcium nitrate showed least response to improve fruit quality and yield in both varieties under acidic soil atmosphere. Physiological loss in weight at 30 days and 60 days after harvesting was lower in foliar applied calcium than soil calcium application. The significant variation in total sugar content and TSS of apple fruits were observed in different calcium sources and their mode of application. Calcium nitrate foliar spray performed better than calcium chloride foliar spray in improving fruit quality. Our study did not find any adversity of dosage in plants whether applied to soil or directly to plant and we did observe better yields and quality at higher calcium doses. Among varieties Golden Delicious performed better than Red Chief Camspur. Results of research evidenced that preharvest calcium sprays increase yield, improved fruit quality and reduced its deterioration in post-harvest storage.

Biosynthesis of the allelopathic alkaloid gramine in barley by a cryptic oxidative rearrangement.

The defensive alkaloid gramine not only protects barley and other grasses from insects but also negatively affects their palatability to ruminants. The key gene for gramine formation has remained elusive, hampering breeding initiatives. In this work, we report that a gene encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP76M57, which we name AMI synthase (AMIS), enables the production of gramine in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reconstituted gramine production in the gramine-free barley (Hordeum vulgare) variety Golden Promise and eliminated it from cultivar Tafeno by Cas-mediated gene editing. In vitro experiments unraveled that an unexpected cryptic oxidative rearrangement underlies this noncanonical conversion of an amino acid to a chain-shortened biogenic amine. The discovery of the genetic basis of gramine formation now permits tailor-made optimization of gramine-linked traits in barley by plant breeding.

APPLICATION OF APPLE ACIDIFIER IN VEGETABLE STEW OF TYPE „ZACUSCA” PRODUCTION

The insufficiency of natural acidifiers in the food industry is a major problem today. The present study analyzes the acidifier from the unripe apples of variety Golden Rezistent. It had a significant amount of acidity (1.97 %) and impressive of total soluble substances (8.47 %). Malic acid and fructose were predominant with values of 32.95 g/dm3 and 45.55 g/dm3, respectively. The glucose content was 2 times lower than that of fructose, but citric acid and sucrose had very low concentrations. The acidifier was applied to the preparation of vegetable stew of type "Zacusca" under laboratory conditions. The recipe and the production technological scheme were developed. Physicochemical and sensorial indices were determined in the experimental samples. The elaborated product presented very good results compared to other similar foods, being appreciated with the maximum score. The implementation of the natural acidifier, obtained from thinned unripe apples in the food industry, is a key factor for the development of new healthy and ecological foods with a high nutritional value.

Adaptive capabilities seedless grape varieties in a sharply continental climate

The article presents the results of the study of winter hardiness, drought resistance, heat resistance of seedless grape varieties at the initial stages of culture development in a sharply continental climate. The purpose of the research was to study and identify promising highly adaptive seedless grape varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits for cultivation in arid conditions of the North-Western Caspian Sea. The objectives of the research included: determination of the degree of winter hardiness of introduced grape varieties; assessment of drought resistance and heat resistance of the studied seedless varieties. The research was carried out in 2021...2022 at the vineyard of the Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, located in the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region. The object of research was 16 seedless grape varieties planted in 2020. The Radiant variety, zoned in the Lower Volga region, was adopted as the standard. It was found that, on average, over two years of research, the maximum degree of winter hardiness was characterized by varieties Golden, Lucia, Rose and Century with the safety of eyes after overwintering from 61.4 to 70.9 %. Varieties Radiant, Azak, Attica, Aphrodite, Ballet, Veles, Zolotce, Iskander, Nakhodka, Neptune, Tangra, Himrod, Jupiter they had an average degree of winter hardiness – from 43.1 to 58.1 %. The varieties Azak, Attica, Ballet, Zolotce, Iskander, Lucia, Neptune, Himrod, Jupiter were characterized by maximum resistance to stress factors of the summer period in the third year of vegetation. The most heat-resistant varieties were Zolotce, Century, Himrod, Jupiter, which lost the least amount of water during wilting (24.2...28.6 %) and, to a greater extent, restored hydration at saturation (60.2...87.9 %).

Portulaca oleracea L.: genotypes phenology and thermal sum in tropical climate

Portulaca oleracea L., known as purslane, is an unconventional food plant rich in nutrients and medicinal properties, with potential for consumption and commercialization. The objective was to describe phenological stages of purslane based on BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie) scale and thermal sum at different times. Evaluations were made from two genotypes, the Golden variety and an access. Plants were observed during six consecutive periods, interspersed every two months. Thermal sum and base temperature were obtained considering the average temperature from seedling emergence to flowering and dispersion of the first capsule in 50% of the plants. The phenological cycle of Purslane based on the BBCH scale shows seven main stages, subdivided into secondary stages: germination (0); leaf development on the main branch (1); development of lateral branches (2); development of flower buds (5); flowering (6); seed dispersal (8); and senescence (9). The lower base temperatures (Tb) determined to flowering were 10 to 15 ºC for the variety Golden and access, respectively, since for seed dispersal, Tb was 9 and 13 ºC, respectively. Thermal requirements for Golden variety are 421.3 GD for flowering and 644.2 GD for seed dispersal, while for access they are 239.7 and 407.0 GD, respectively. Purslane as a food plant can be produced throughout the year in tropical region and may be best used if harvested until the plants reach 12 or 10 leaves.

Effect of different varieties and spacing on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica olereacea L. var. capitata)

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm-I, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.) during rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to study the effect of varieties and spacing on growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.). Four varieties and four spacings with three replications were evaluated in Factorial Randomized Block Design. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (36.75 cm), number of leaves (19.91), leaf length (33.09 cm), leaf width (27.21 cm), plant spread N-S (49.42 cm), plant spread E-W (49.12 cm) and stem diameter (8.15 cm) were noted in variety Golden Acre. The minimum values (51.67) of head initiation, maximum weight of head (1.430 kg) and yield (595.67 q ha-1) is observed in Golden Acre. The maximum plant height (37.63 cm), number of leaves (20.26), leaf length (33.05cm), leaf width (26.93 cm), plant spread N-S (50.43 cm)plant spread E-W (50.12 cm) and stem diameter (8.33 cm) was observed in 60 cm x 60 cm. While the maximum weight of head (1.560 kg) and the maximum yield (695.53 q ha-1) were recorded in 45 cm x 45 cm spacing

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОДУКЦИОННОГО ПРОЦЕССА У СОРТОВ НУТА В НИЖНЕМ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ

The maximum leaf surface area on average over three years of research was formed mainly under the combined influence of environmental conditions and various genotypes of chickpea varieties. On the 55th day of vegetation, the assimilation surface of the leaf apparatus for the Sharik variety was minimal (31.53 thousand m2 /ha), and for the Zoovit variety the maximum was 32.38 22 thousand m2 /ha. The other varieties significantly occupied an intermediate position. A significant variation in the indicators of the net productivity of photosynthesis was noted for chickpea varieties, depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. The net productivity of chickpea varieties varied between 5.17...6.50 g/m2 per day. The minimum value of this feature was characterized by the chickpea variety Golden Jubilee. The maximum value was found in the new chickpea variety Chernozern. A worthy contribution to the overall variability of photosynthetic potentials of chickpea varieties was made by the variety (factor A) at (30.1%), environmental conditions (factor B) - (50.7%), the interaction of AB - (17.7%), unaccounted factors - (1.5%); the contribution of dry biomass accumulation was: according to factor A (27.2%), factor B (55.3%), interaction AB (15.9%), unaccounted for (1.6%); The net productivity of photosynthesis is factor A (34.9%), factor B (47.1%), interaction AB (14.8%), unaccounted for (3.2%). For the Golden Jubilee variety, a close significant linear correlation has been established between yield, accumulation of dry biomass, AF and BPF. The correlation coefficients were 0.91, 0.90, 0.94, respectively (t fact >t 05), and the linear relationship of multiple regression between these features is described by the equation as : Y = -1.893 -0.1054x1 + 0.007 x2 - 0.6243x3. The multiple correlation coefficient is R – 0.98, F Fact-42.43 >F05 -5.41.The share of the participation of the leaf surface of plants, dry weight, AF and BPF in the formation of chickpea grain yield according to the studied parameters is determined as : 12, 29, 26, 29%.

Evaluation of apple varieties of winter ripening period according to the rate of fertility and the strength of growth in the arid region

For the first time in the conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea, a comprehensive assessment of new introduced apple varieties of winter ripening period is carried out to select a modern adaptive assortment for arid conditions. The experience was laid in 2018 in the experimental orchard of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center. The article presents the results of studying the indicators of growth and development, fertility and fruiting of 14 new varieties of apple trees of winter maturity in the semi-desert zone of the Northern Caspian. It was found that during the study period, no significant damage to the trees of the studied varieties was observed in winter. The survival rate of the studied varieties was high and amounted to 64.6–100.0%. More restrained growth of trees in height was characterized by the varieties Winespur, Red Chief, Reinet painted and Korey. The varieties Golden Delicious, Prikubanskoe, Pinova, Memory of Yesaulu, Red Chief, Painted and Ligol were the most fertile, in which 15.6–64.8% of trees bloomed and formed fruits. The maximum productivity was recorded in the variety Renet Kuban (7 kg /tree Varieties Starkrimson and Prikubanskoye have complex resistance to scab, brown spot and rust.

ОЦІНКА ПОСУХОСТІЙКОСТІ ЯГІДНИХ КУЩОВИХ РОСЛИН В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ

The results of studying the drought resistance of berry bush plants by the field method of observation, laboratory-field, and laboratory methods of studying the water regime of plants are analyzed. The conducted researches testify to sufficient levels of water-holding ability of leaves of the studied grades of berry cultures. In the raspberry varieties Ruby Giant, Golden Giant, and Cascade Delight, the water holding capacity was higher after 24 hours, as indicated by the lowest rates of water loss by leaves (64.73 %, 68.13 %, and 69.66 % – respectively). According to the indicator of water deficit, the most drought-resistant raspberry varieties were Ruby Giant and Cascade Delight raspberry varieties. Indicators of water deficit of gooseberry leaves (3.2 %) indicate a high level of drought resistance of Neslukhovsky. The lowest drought-resistant gooseberry varieties Neslukhivskyi and Bezshipnyi were the lowest in terms of moisture loss during the study. 
 The obtained indicators of resistance of the studied plants to drought conditions show that the varieties of raspberry Ruby Giant and Cascade Delight, as well as gooseberry varieties Neslukhovsky and Bezshipny are characterized by a high level of drought resistance, even in adverse growing season 2021. The productivity of berry plantations depends on providing the soil with moisture during the growth of shoots, and during fruiting. In the year of the study, insufficient water supply in the fruiting phase adversely affected the overall berry bush plants, and also led to a significant reduction in their yield. In conditions of lack of moisture for plant development in large-fruited varieties of raspberries (Ruby Giant, Orange Giant, Yellow Giant), a small part of the crop dried up on the shoots. The Golden Giant and Cascade Delaine raspberry varieties, as well as the Neslukhivsky gooseberry variety, had high yield levels.
 Based on the assessment of a set of indicators (water holding capacity, water deficit, yield) to create highly productive industrial berry plantations can be recommended raspberry varieties Golden Giant, Ruby Giant and Cascade Delaine, as well as gooseberry varieties Neslukhovsky and Bezshipny.

Evaluation of varieties of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) collection according to agronomic traits

The paper presents the results of 2018-2020 research on the study of 248 Russian and foreign varieties of the collection of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in order to identify promising ones with a complex of agronomic traits for developing new varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the hop-growing regions of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil. Sixty hop varieties in the early-ripening, mid-early and mid-ripening groups with the yields above 26.3 c/ha (weighing more than 3.5 kg of raw cones from one bush) were identified. High-yielding varieties prevailed in the mid-ripening group of the collection (67 %). The adaptability of the collection varieties to natural and climatic conditions was evaluated on the third, fourth and fifth years of the hop plantings (in three tabs). There have been identified six varieties, which in some years of growing exceeded the control variety Podvyazny according to adaptability coefficients (1.23-1.23-1.15): early-ripening English variety Golden Star (1.58-1.37-1.03); mid-early Russian variety Zvenigovsky (1.72-1.16-1.07); mid-ripening Russian variety Serebryanka Kalistovskaya (1.47-1.28-1.17), Guslitsky (1.50-1.26-1.23), Ukrainian Kruglyak-Seryak (1.76-1.44-1.18), Group 4 (1.80-1.80-1.31). The most consistently high results were shown by Group 4, Guslitsky, Kruglyak-Seryak. High-resinous varieties with a high content of alpha acids belonging to different types of hops were noted specifically. According to the complex of agronomic traits and resistance to false powdery mildew, 19 collection varieties have been identified.

Perspective rootstops for the apple variety Golden Delicious in the conditions of the Volgograd region

Perspective rootstops for the apple variety Golden Delicious in the conditions of the Volgograd region

The Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) Population from Washington Contains the Most Virulent Isolates Reported on Barley.

A diverse sexual population of wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, exists in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States because of the natural presence of Mahonia spp. that serves as alternate hosts to complete its sexual life cycle. The region appears to be a center of stem rust diversity in North America where novel virulence gene combinations can emerge that could overcome deployed barley and wheat stem rust resistances. A total of 100 single pustule isolates derived from stem rust samples collected from barley in Eastern Washington during the 2019 growing season were assayed for virulence on the two known effective barley stem rust resistance genes/loci, Rpg1 and the rpg4/5-mediated resistance locus (RMRL) at the seedling stage. Interestingly, 99% of the P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates assayed were virulent on barley variety Morex carrying the Rpg1 gene, and 62% of the isolates were virulent on the variety Golden Promise transformant (H228.2c) that carries a single-copy insertion of the Rpg1 gene from Morex and is more resistant than Morex to many Rpg1 avirulent isolates. Also, 16% of the isolates were virulent on the near isogenic line HQ-1, which carries the RMRL introgression from the barley line Q21861 in the susceptible Harrington background. Alarmingly, 10% of the isolates were virulent on barley line Q21861, which contains both Rpg1 and RMRL. Thus, we report on the first P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates worldwide with virulence on both Rpg1 and RMRL when stacked together, representing the most virulent P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates reported on barley.

ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ БИОМАРКЕРЫ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ПИЩЕВОЙ АЛЛЕРГИИ НА ЯБЛОКО И ИХ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА

Objectives. To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the prick-test and the levels of tryptase, cations K<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, peroxidase activity in the oral fluid (OF) as biomarkers of apple allergy and to comparatively assess them. Material and methods. We examined 35 patients with a history of allergic reactions to a fresh apple (the study group) and 29 healthy persons (the control group). All participants underwent the prick-test with 3 varieties of fresh apples and oral-pharyngeal provocative test (OPPT) with freshly prepared apple juice with the assessment of tryptase, peroxidase activity, K<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> cations levels in the OF. Results. The prick-test was positive in 94% of patients. In 70% of patients after OPPT, there was a significant tryptase level increase in the OF compared with healthy persons (p=0.000003). After provocation, in the study group, in 74% of cases, a significant peroxidase activity level increase in the OF was revealed in comparison with the control group (p<0.0000001). A significant K<sup>+</sup> level increase in the oral fluid was found in 81% of patients, in contrast to healthy persons after OPPT (p=0.02). In 67% of cases in the study group, a significant NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> level decrease after OPPT was found in comparison with the initial cation level in this group (p=0.039). Patients with a history of apple allergy after provocation showed a higher Ca<sup>2+</sup> cations level in the OF than the control (p=0.02). Conclusions. Biomarkers of hypersensitivity to apples of the varieties Golden Delicious, Red Prince and Belarusian sweet were revealed: positive prick-test, an increase of tryptase, myeloperoxidase activity, K<sup>+</sup> cations and a decrease of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> level after OPPT. Biomarkers have a high diagnostic value and can be used both in combination and separately to identify systemic and local hypersensitivity and to diagnose food allergy to apples.

Оценка сортов хризантемы садовой коллекции ЮУБСИ УФИЦ РАН с учетом направления использования

Abstract. Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey is a perennial plant of the Compositae family. Perhaps the most famous and demanded late-flowering culture, which is used both for landscaping the private sector and in the green construction of settlements. However, its use in the soil and climatic conditions of the Bashkir Ural is difficult due to the lack of varieties adapted to local conditions and a reasonable assortment. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of varieties of chrysanthemum from the collection of the South-Ural Botanical Garden of Ufa, taking into account the directions of use. Methods. In accordance with the methodology of E. S. Pidgainaya and other authors plants went through two stages of analysis: at the first stage, the most decorative and stable varieties were identified; on the second, the perspective direction of use of each of them was determined. At the first stage, decorative (decorativeness of a bush, leaves, inflorescences; aroma; variety uniformity; abundance of flowering) and economically valuable (productivity and flowering duration; drought resistance; winter hardiness; resistance to adverse conditions, diseases and pests; intensity of vegetative reproduction) signs were assessed. Results. As a result of the analysis of the decorative qualities of 112 varieties of chrysanthemum, ten were identified (Aktanysh, Anyuta, Belosnezhka, Vecherniye Ogni, Opal, Pektoral, Rozovaya Mechta, Solnechnaya Feyeriya, Solnyshko, Ufimskaya Yubileynaya), which have a high decorative effect of the bush, a weak aroma and are characterized by abundant flowering; they are rated 49–50 points. 84 varieties are rated 40–48 points, they have less abundant flowering and a stronger aroma. According to economically valuable traits, the highest number of points (48–49) was awarded to 4 varieties (Aktanysh, Nezhnaya Muza, Akiwa Yellow, Kurochka Ryaba). The lowest total score (34) belongs to the variety Golden Dukat. As a result of the comprehensive assessment, 106 varieties were classified as highly promising, they scored more than 80 points; six varieties are promising, they are estimated at 60–80 points. Scientific novelty. At the second stage of the analysis, when determining a promising direction of use, it was revealed that most varieties (88) can be recommended for garden use and 25 for container crops.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOY FERTILIZATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE USE OF DRUGS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK

This article presents the results of research to study the effect of drugs of biological origin, namely the inoculum Rhizolin, mycorrhizal drug Mycofriend and biofertilizers based on phosphorus-potassium mobilizing bacteria Groundfix on growth processes and the formation of soybean varieties. Field studies were supposed to study the effect of various combinations of studied biological drugs in order to determine the most effective model of their use. Based on the observations and calculations, it was established that in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils the studied preparations of biological origin had a direct impact on both plant growth processes and productivity formation. It was found that the height of plants in the experiment varied depending on the variety and application of biological products, the most effective was the integrated use of Rizoline + Mycofriend + Graunfix, under these conditions the height of soybean plants in Madison was 121.6 cm, in Golden - 104.6 Along with this, a positive effect of this combination of biological preparations on the formation of individual plant productivity was established, so the highest number of beans per plant was recorded in these variants - 42.1 pieces / plant in the Golden variety and 39.5 pieces / plant in Madison variety and the largest mass of seeds from the plant, respectively - 10.4-11.9 g. ). In the variants with the use of seed treatment with the composition Risoline + Mycofriend and the application of soil biofertilizer Graunfix, these figures were 132.5 and 129.3 g, respectively. The complex application of biological products Rizoline (3 l / t of seeds), Mykofriend (1.5 l / t of seeds) and Graunfix (5 l / ha in pre-sowing cultivation) ensured the formation of the highest grain yield in the experiment of 4.05 t / ha in the variety Madison and 3.88 t / ha in the variety Golden, with the increase in yield before control was 17.9-18.1%.

Изменение биохимического состава плодов яблони выращиваемых на слаборослых подвоях в связи с различными способами формирования кроны

In this article, biochemical analyzes have shown that the highest amount of dry soluble substances (16.9%) and ascorbic acid (8.6 mg / 100 g of raw substance) apple fruits of the Golden Delicious variety had during crown formation according to a sparse tiered type. Laboratory analyzes of apple fruits of the autumn variety Golden Delicious, and the winter variety Fuji showed that fructose accounts for the largest share of the total amount of sugars, that is, its content in apple varieties reaches 82.4–87.6% (together with glucose).

Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of different apple cultivars grown in South Ethiopia: case of the wolayta zone

ABSTRACT Apple fruit is one of the most intensively grown and widely cultivated fruit crop in the temperate regions around the world. This study investigated sugar, vitamin C, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity of three varieties (Golden delicious, Fuji rose, and Granny smith) of whole apple fruits (peel and flesh). Total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrose contents were determined by Lane and Enyon method. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride, and standardized iodine solutions were used to determine TPC, TFC, and vitamin C, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, total antioxidant and ferric ion reducing power assays. It was found that Golden delicious cultivar contained the highest amount of total sugar (17.32 ± 0.40 mg/100 g juice) and reducing sugar (10.04 ± 0.30 mg/100 g juice), whereas the juice of Fuji rose variety had the highest amount of sucrose (6.90 ± 0.35 mg/100 g of juice). The Granny Smith variety had the highest TPC (71.88 ± 2.30 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dried extract) whereas the Fuji rose had the highest TFC (21.91 ± 2.55-mg catechin equivalent per gram of dried extract). The Golden delicious cultivar had the highest vitamin C (31.48 ± 2.18 mg/100 g of juice). The Fuji rose showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 86.20 ± 2.28 µg/mL), iron reducing power (EC50 = 1.93 ± 0.66 mg/mL), and total antioxidant activity (0.46 ± 0.08 mg butylated hydroxy toluene equivalent/g of dried extract). Based on the present investigation, it can be concluded that the significant differences in the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of apple fruits could be attributed to varietal differences.

Репродуктивные возможности представителей рода Hosta Tratt. при интродукции в условиях лесостепной зоны Западной Сибири

In the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, a comparative study of seed productivity, flowering features, fruit and seed morphology, pollen fertilization ability was conducted for the first time in representatives of the Hosta Tratt genus: H. decorata, H. sieboldiana, H. lancifolia, H. albomarginata, H. crispula, H. kikutii, H. montana, H. rectifolia, H. undulata and varieties Golden Tiara, Night before Christmas, and Stiletto. It is noted that the reproductive potential and fertility of pollen in 9 species and 3 varieties of host have intraspecific and varietal specificity and are associated with seasonal weather conditions. The results of free pollination of the host were studied. It was found that fruit formation within a single generative shoot is heterogeneous, with the exception of the species H. decorata. The coefficient of productivity of species is 16—93%, varieties 12.5—36.4%. Morphometric indicators of length of generative shoots, fruits and seeds are presented. It is shown that the fruit is a freely opening loculicidal tricuspid capsule. Seeds are linear to oval in shape. It was revealed that with high viability of pollen grains (46—82.6%) in H. albomarginata, H. rectifolia, H. sieboldiana, the productivity coefficient is 2—3.8 times lower than in H. decorata. The flowers are characterized by geitonogamy with the phenomenon of peterandre, chasmogamous pollination and flowering in acropetal direction. H. decorata has a high adaptive advantage of seed productivity. The studied species and varieties consistently pass all the phenophases of development and are characterized by vitality. The growing season from spring growth to fruiting in Novosibirsk is 98—112 days. The reproductive capabilities of the host during introduction in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are realized partly due to seed reproduction and are distinguished by species and variability.

ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЦВЕТЕНИЯ ЭЛИТНЫХ ГИБРИДОВ ЛИЛЕЙНИКА HEMEROCALLISL.ВУСЛОВИЯХЛЕСОСТЕПИАЛТАЙСКОГОКРАЯ

he results of studying daylily hybrids (Hemerocallis L.) are discussed. The research goal is tostudy daylily hybrids with different colors, long and productive flowering, and adapted to the conditions of the Altai Region’s forest-steppe. The research targets were as following: the control variety Golden Gift and 9 promising hybrids of 2006-2008 obtained by crossing of the daylily developed in the Altai Region. The studies were carried out according to the gen-erally accepted methodology. In 2015, 2019, and 2020, no winter damage was observed in daylily hybrids. Shoot growth was observed from April 13to April 20; the begin-ning of flowering –from June 10 to August 2. The total duration of the hybrids’ ornamental value made over 2.5 months (from June 10 to September 7). The generative productivity in the studied hybrids was 18-270 flowers per plant. Most hybrids were red in color. The hybrid 20-07-17 had a spider-like flower shape; 3-07-3 -star-shaped; the rest had rounded and triangular flowers. Flower diameter in the hybrids varied within 7.4-16.2 cm; in the control -10.2 cm. The hybrid plants grew in width to 37-62 cm. The plant height varies from 40 to 64 cm which is important for creating flower arrangements for urban and household plot landscaping. All the studied hybrids have high ornamental and productive characteristics; among them there arecan-didate varieties for further selective breeding and expan-sion of genetic diversity. As a result, profusely blooming hybrids of daylily Hemerocallis L.with early, medium, and late flowering were studied; this would allow increasing the duration of ornamental value for more than 2.5 months. The best are the following hybrids: 1-06-15 -tall, red-colored and triangular-shaped flower; 20-07-17 -tall, large-flowered, red-colored and spider-shaped flower; 4-07-150 -crimson-red color and triangular shape ofthe flower; 7-07-5 -bright red color and triangular shape of the flower; 19-08-2 -crimson color and triangular shape of the flower.