Adaptive capabilities seedless grape varieties in a sharply continental climate

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of winter hardiness, drought resistance, heat resistance of seedless grape varieties at the initial stages of culture development in a sharply continental climate. The purpose of the research was to study and identify promising highly adaptive seedless grape varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits for cultivation in arid conditions of the North-Western Caspian Sea. The objectives of the research included: determination of the degree of winter hardiness of introduced grape varieties; assessment of drought resistance and heat resistance of the studied seedless varieties. The research was carried out in 2021...2022 at the vineyard of the Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, located in the Chernoyarsk district of the Astrakhan region. The object of research was 16 seedless grape varieties planted in 2020. The Radiant variety, zoned in the Lower Volga region, was adopted as the standard. It was found that, on average, over two years of research, the maximum degree of winter hardiness was characterized by varieties Golden, Lucia, Rose and Century with the safety of eyes after overwintering from 61.4 to 70.9 %. Varieties Radiant, Azak, Attica, Aphrodite, Ballet, Veles, Zolotce, Iskander, Nakhodka, Neptune, Tangra, Himrod, Jupiter they had an average degree of winter hardiness – from 43.1 to 58.1 %. The varieties Azak, Attica, Ballet, Zolotce, Iskander, Lucia, Neptune, Himrod, Jupiter were characterized by maximum resistance to stress factors of the summer period in the third year of vegetation. The most heat-resistant varieties were Zolotce, Century, Himrod, Jupiter, which lost the least amount of water during wilting (24.2...28.6 %) and, to a greater extent, restored hydration at saturation (60.2...87.9 %).