Vegetative development of young plantings seedless grape varieties in the arid zone

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study and isolate promising seedless grape varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits adapted to the arid conditions of the Northwestern Caspian Sea. The objectives of the research included: studying the features of the annual biological cycle of grapes, determining the leaf area of the studied grape varieties, assessing the growth strength and degree of ripening of annual shoots, determining the dynamics of ripening of shoots. The studies were conducted in 2020...2021 in the vineyard of the Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences. The object of research was a collection of seedless grape varieties introduced from Novocherkassk, Rostov region, consisting of 16 varieties. The Radiant variety, zoned in the Lower Volga region, was adopted as the standard. The maximum duration of the growing season, which is 144 days, is recorded in the Himrod variety, the minimum (138 days) - in the Zolotce, Iskander varieties. The largest leaf surface area with an index from 53.2 to 68.4 cm2 was formed in the varieties Veles, Iskander, Lucia, Century, Himrod and Jupiter. With NSR05 = 2.6 cm2, the listed varieties significantly exceeded the control indicator by 4.1...19.3 cm2. The diameter of the shoots varied from 6.2 mm in the Ballet, Zolotce and Neptune varieties to 6.8 mm in the Veles variety. The length of the shoot was the minimum value for the Century variety (74.7 cm), the maximum (138.5 cm) - for the Veles variety. The maturation of an annual vine with indicators from 76.8 to 79.4 % in Aphrodite, Iskander, Lucia, Centenary varieties is satisfactory, in the rest of the studied varieties – good.