Evaluation of apple varieties of winter ripening period according to the rate of fertility and the strength of growth in the arid region

Abstract

For the first time in the conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea, a comprehensive assessment of new introduced apple varieties of winter ripening period is carried out to select a modern adaptive assortment for arid conditions. The experience was laid in 2018 in the experimental orchard of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center. The article presents the results of studying the indicators of growth and development, fertility and fruiting of 14 new varieties of apple trees of winter maturity in the semi-desert zone of the Northern Caspian. It was found that during the study period, no significant damage to the trees of the studied varieties was observed in winter. The survival rate of the studied varieties was high and amounted to 64.6–100.0%. More restrained growth of trees in height was characterized by the varieties Winespur, Red Chief, Reinet painted and Korey. The varieties Golden Delicious, Prikubanskoe, Pinova, Memory of Yesaulu, Red Chief, Painted and Ligol were the most fertile, in which 15.6–64.8% of trees bloomed and formed fruits. The maximum productivity was recorded in the variety Renet Kuban (7 kg /tree Varieties Starkrimson and Prikubanskoye have complex resistance to scab, brown spot and rust.