Urban Planting Research Articles

Urban agriculture as a component of the concept of energy efficient community

Issues of quality and diversity of available food, environmental safety and guarantees of sustainable energy supply are becoming critical for the population of urban areas. Part of the urbanized areas cannot be used directly for food production for environmental reasons, but it is quite suitable for the production of energy from biomass. In order to create strategies for processing organic biomass from urban plantations of parks and squares, it is necessary to determine the tools for obtaining and interpreting data on the available and prospective amount of biomass in cities, which was the purpose of our work. Unmanned aerial vehicle studies were conducted at the Botanical Garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine using the Slantrange 3P multispectral sensor system from an industrialtype UAV platform. The study of squares and lawns of the city was conducted using an archive of satellite images in the visible range of high resolution — 0.5 m/pixel and a specialized agricultural service EO Browser with a resolution of images of 10 m/pixel. Monitoring of the park using the Slantrange 3P complex, with specialized SlantView software, allowed to identify tree crowns and grass cover, while it was not possible to distinguish vines. The best identification results for the Slantrange complex were obtained for the red and infrared measurement channels. Using satellite monitoring data, the possibility of identifying the biomass of trees and shrubs occurs in drought conditions, when the grass on the lawns suffers more than trees and shrubs, apparently due to the developed root system. It is noted that satellite imagery is usually carried out at different angles and, accordingly, fixed both roofs and partially walls of buildings, and accordingly, such imagery is more suitable for assessing the biomass of promising vertical landscaping with vines.

Сахароза в тканях однолетних побегов древесных растений-интродуцентов

Expanding the species diversity of urban plantations in the North requires taking into account the physiological characteristics of introduced species. The paper analyzes the winter hardiness and dynamics of sucrose content in tissues of annual shoots of plants growing in towns of the Vologda region, considering their natural habitats. The authors show that the sucrose content in the studied species undergoes seasonal fluctuations and also varies significantly depending on the geographical origin of the species. Most of the studied trees are characterized by a fairly high level of winter hardiness, which occurs against the background of moderate fluctuations in sucrose content throughout the year. Shrubs, compared to trees, are characterized by higher content of sucrose and its significant fluctuations during the growing season. The minimum content of sucrose is observed from April till June in most of the studied plants; during the autumn months its content increases; and then from November to spring there is a decrease. Species that showed a high level of winter hardiness: European spindle (Euonymus europaeus L.), white dogwood (Cornus alba L.), hedge cotoneaster (Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl.), and Amur maple (Acer ginnala Maxim.). They accumulate sucrose by October and then smoothly consume it during the autumn-winterspring period. Introduced shrubs with low winter hardiness are the following: Atlantic ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim.), Spiraea salicifolia (Spiraea salicifolia L.), and common snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake). They accumulate maximum sucrose by October–November and then rapidly consume it during the winter months. English dogwood (Philadelphus coronarius L.) is known for freezing the shoots to the level of snow, which may be due to the almost complete consumption of sucrose by January. The article provides options for strategies of sugars accumulation and consumption by plants belonging to different floristic areas. For citation: Andronova M.M., Platonov A.V. Sucrose in the Tissues of Annual Shoots of Introduced Woody Plants. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 62–76. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-62-76

Telling the Wood from the Trees: Ranking a Tree Species List to Aid Urban Afforestation in the Amazon

The vast Amazonian biome still poses challenges for botanists seeking to know and recognize its plant diversity. Brazilian northern cities are expanding fast, without considering the regional biodiversity, and urban plantings of almost exclusively exotic species are taking place. It is paramount that the correct identity of such trees is ascertained before procurement of the seeds and young plants, as the use of popular names may lead to importation of plant material from elsewhere, with potential introduction of invasive species. The abundant local diversity also leads to the need to score the most suitable species within a given region. Following the preparation of authoritatively named floristic lists in Southeastern Pará state, we proceeded to score and rank the most suitable trees for urban planning using different characteristics such as size, ornamental value, ecologic role, resilience and known methods of propagation. From an initial 375 species list, 263 species were ranked according to their suitability for street and urban area plantings and visualized using a Venn diagram. A final list with the 49 of the highest-ranking species was further analysed regarding their pollination and phenology period and two types of dissimilarity analyses were provided to aid practitioners in matching and choosing groups of species. Different local vegetation types mean that similar floristic lists must be used to extract cohorts of suitable plants to increase the urban richness in the eight Brazilian states that are included in the Amazonian biome.

YOLOv4-Lite–Based Urban Plantation Tree Detection and Positioning With High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

Automatic tree identification and position using high-resolution remote sensing images are critical for ecological garden planning, management, and large-scale environmental quality detection. However, existing single-tree detection methods have a high rate of misdetection in forests not only due to the similarity of background and crown colors but also because light and shadow caused abnormal crown shapes, resulting in a high rate of misdetections and missed detection. This article uses urban plantations as the primary research sample. In conjunction with the most recent deep learning method for object detection, a single-tree detection method based on the lite fourth edition of you only look once (YOLOv4-Lite) was proposed. YOLOv4’s object detection framework has been simplified, and the MobileNetv3 convolutional neural network is used as the primary feature extractor to reduce the number of parameters. Data enhancement is performed for categories with fewer single-tree samples, and the loss function is optimized using focal loss. The YOLOv4-Lite method is used to detect single trees on campus, in an orchard, and an economic plantation. Not only is the YOLOv4-Lite method compared to traditional methods such as the local maximum value method and the watershed method, where it outperforms them by nearly 46.1%, but also to novel methods such as the Chan-Vese model and the template matching method, where it outperforms them by nearly 26.4%. The experimental results for single-tree detection demonstrate that the YOLOv4-Lite method improves accuracy and robustness by nearly 36.2%. Our work establishes a reference for the application of YOLOv4-Lite in additional agricultural and plantation products.

High Level of Phenotypic Differentiation of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) Populations in the North-Western Part of the Balkan Peninsula

Common or English yew (Taxus baccata L., Taxaceae) is a conifer species, native to Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor and Caucasus. It is a dioecious, wind-pollinated and animal-dispersed tree, known for its high-quality wood and medicinal properties, albeit poisonous. The species is rare and has been legally protected at the European and national levels. In addition, its low population density and disjunct character of distribution have reinforced the need for its protection as regeneration is mostly lacking. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterise the north-western Balkan yew populations. Phenotypic diversity was examined for seven populations, using morphometric analysis of nine phenotypic traits of needles. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the inter- and intrapopulation variability. In addition, to test correlations between geographic, climatic and phenotypic data, Mantel test was used. We identified a geographic structure across studied populations that exhibited high levels of variability on intra- and interpopulation levels. Two groups of populations have been defined and are consistent with previously described genetic divergent lineages from separate refugia. In addition, a significant correlation between phenotypic and geographic data were revealed, i.e., isolation by distance (IBD). However, the Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between morphometric and environmental data. In conclusion, our data reveal that the historical events and persistent IBD acted in combination to produce the morphological patterns observed in common yew populations in the north-western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Finally, we suggested conservation measures to be implemented on a stand level, with habitat preservation as the main goal. In addition, ex situ conservation should be considered, both in the form of collections and urban planting, as both provide additional gene pool reserves.

Growth Index of Indigenous Tree Species in Urban Planting

Growths can be quantified by various vegetative parameters such as collar diameter, girth, diameter at breast height (dbh), crown diameter, total photosynthetically active leaf area (TPALA), live-crown ratio (LCR), and total height (TH). These are useful growth indicators for tree species. For forestry purposes, top height, first branch height, and diameter at breast height are the indicators of growth and yield. However, there is yet to have a formula to comprehensively quantify the overall growth parameters of the tree species for environmental and ornamental plantings. The dbh, TPALA, LCR, TH, basal area (BA), and volume (V) are parameters that describe the health and vegetative growth and yield of the tree. Hence, this study aims to propose a growth index (GI) to quantitatively capture the overall growth of the tree. The formula that would capture the overall growth of the tree in the planting is proposed to be GI= dbh*LCR*NPALA*TH or GI=BA*LCR*NPALA*V. The ranking of their GI can be objectively carried out for each species. Hence, this study proposes that GI be used as an index for ranking the growth performance of tree species for ornamental and environmental plantings.

Harmfulness of invasive species gall mites (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) ‒ phyllophages Juglans Regia L., in urbocenoses of Dnipro sity

For the first time, a detailed analysis of Juglans regia L. leaf damages caused by two species of invasive gall mites ‒ Aceria erinea (Nalepa, 1891) and A. tristriata (Nalepa, 1890), in green plantings of Dnipro had done. The research was carried out in different types of urban plantations (ravine, island area, parks, squares, hospital plots and residential areas) where 75 model trees J. regia grow. The overall level of damage to walnut leaves by gall mites in the urbocenoses of the Dnipro is 42.8 %. No mites were found in the Tunel’na gully. The level of harmfulness is dominated by the mite A. tristriata. The degree of J. regia leaves colonization by A. tristriata is 27.3 %, which is almost twice as high as that of A. erinea (15.5 %). In experimental plots where the mite A. tristriata is particularly harmful, J. regia trees are more than 50 years old and grow in linear planting under the canopy of the embankment or retaining wall in sufficient moisture condition. The average population density of J. regia leaves by A. erinea mite is from 1 to 6.2 galls per simple leaf (maximum ‒ 20); A. tristriata ‒ from 19.1 to 144.2 (1411), respectively. The study is planned to continue to identify a complex of invasive insects ‒ J. regia phyllophages.

THE COLLECTION FUND OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTS OF THE KRYVYI RIH BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF UKRAINE AS A SOURCE OF ENRICHMENT OF THE ASSORTMENT FOR GREENING URBAN AREAS

THE COLLECTION FUND OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTS OF THE KRYVYI RIH BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF UKRAINE AS A SOURCE OF ENRICHMENT OF THE ASSORTMENT FOR GREENING URBAN AREAS

Трофічні консортивні зв’язки винограду дівочого чіпкого (Parthenocissus inserta) з птахами в культурфітоценозах Києва

The state of adaptation of alien species to new conditions of existence is expedient to investigate by elucidating the consortial relationships that these species form with aboriginal representatives of the biota. We studied a species with invasive characteristics: Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch., 1922. Purpose is to find out the species composition of P. inserta birds-consorts in the urban plantations of Kyiv; residence status and trophic specialization of consorts; to evaluate the synchronization of P. inserta phenodates with the key periods of the life of birds, in trophic consortial “P. іnserta – birds”, as an indicator of the inclusion of advent plants in the biocenoses of the Kyiv region. The material analyzed in the present study was observations of birds that feed on P. іnserta (n=11). The material was collected according to the widely accepted method of bird observation. In total, 218 P. іnserta were monitored in parks and streets of Kyiv in 2020–2022. Forty-one cases of bird feeding on the plant were recorded. Intensive phenological monitoring P. іnserta (n=5) was used. The distribution of birds by trophic groups was carried out according to a recognized classification. The trophic consortive relationships of P. inserta with 17 species of birds of 3 orders were revealed. They form 2 types of relationships: 1) direct, when feeding directly berries; 2) indirect, when they eat invertebrates on the vine, leaf, flowers and fruits. From 1 to 24 bird individuals on 1 plant fed per one observation, on average 5,90±0,95 (n=41). Consorts are birds of the following residence statuses: residents are the species living in Kyiv all year round; nesting – only during the reproductive period; wintering – in the winter period in the Kyiv; migratory – birds whose migration routes pass through the territory of Kyiv. Resident species were dominated (52,94%). The next species dominate in abundance: Columba livia, Passer montanus, Sturnus vulgaris, Turdus pilaris. Consorts of “P. іnserta – birds” formed from August up to mid-February.

城市林木生物量对硬化地表和种植密度的响应

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 城市林木生物量对硬化地表和种植密度的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202107071811 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41571053，71533005） Responses of biomass of urban trees to pavement and spacing Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以北京市典型绿化树种油松、白蜡和元宝枫为实验对象，设置不透水地表、透水地表和对照（自然地表）3种地表类型和低（株行距为2.0 m×2.0 m）、中（1.0 m×1.0 m）、高（0.5 m×0.5 m）3个种植密度，经过6年的生长，对树木的生长和生物量进行了测定。结果表明：相比于对照，不透水地表下油松、白蜡和元宝枫的树高生长受到抑制，白蜡和元宝枫的单株生物量分别降低2.1%-27.1%和33.6%-52.3%，根冠比分别增加3.4%-25.8%和15.7%-23.4%。相比于不透水地表，透水地表下白蜡和元宝枫的树高显著增加，白蜡的单株生物量增加5.3%-45.5%，根冠比下降11.4%-18.7%。随着密度的增加，3种树木的基径和单株生物量显著降低，但中低密度下的单位面积生物量无显著性差异。此外，硬化地表与种植密度对树木的基径、树高、单株生物量和根冠比均无显著的交互作用。因此，在城市绿化中，采用透水地表来替代不透水地表，有利于改善树木生境进而促进树木生长。白蜡相比元宝枫更能适应硬化地表的不利影响，是更好的城市绿化树种的选择。同时，合理的种植密度是保证城市树木生长的重要因素。 Abstract:With the accelerating of urbanization, land pavement has been expanding rapidly in cities worldwide, leaving the limited space available for urban trees. Many trees have to be planted next to or within paved land. Land pavement prevents the exchanges of water, air, nutrient, and heat between soils and other environmental compartment, and changes the microclimate of urban trees, thus significantly influences the growth of urban trees. The spacing of trees will result in plant competition for light, water and nutrients and it is also an important factor which can affect the growth of urban trees. In this study, three urban tree species, including pine (Pinus tabilaeformis Carr.), ash (Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.), and maple (Acer truncatum Bunge.), were planted on different pavement types (impervious brick pavement, pervious brick pavement, and no pavement as the control) at three different spacings, including low (0.5 m×0.5 m apart), middle (1.0 m×1.0 m), and high (2.0 m×2.0 m). After 6 years of growing, the basal diameter, height, individual biomass, and its allocation of the three tree species were investigated. Compared with the control, the height of pine, ash, and maple under impervious pavement significantly (P<0.05) decreased 13.5%-23.9%, -4.6%-20.9%, and 15.5%-22.1%, respectively. The individual biomass of ash and maple under impervious pavement also significantly (P<0.05) decreased 2.1%-27.1% and 33.6%-52.3%. While the root to shoot ratio (R:S ratio) of ash and maple under impervious pavement significantly (P<0.05) increased 3.4%-25.8% and 15.7%-23.4%. Relative to impervious pavement, the height of ash and maple under pervious pavement significantly (P<0.05) increased 11.6%-37.0% and 11.2%-26.2%. The individual biomass of ash under pervious pavement significantly (P<0.05) increased 5.3%-45.5%, R:S ratio significantly (P<0.05) decreased 11.4%-18.7%. The basal diameter and individual biomass of the three tree species were inhibited with the increase of spacing. While there was no significant difference on biomass per area between low and middle spacing for the three tree species. In addition, there was no significant interactions between pavement and spacing inhibition of basal diameter, height, individual biomass, and R:S ratio in the three urban tree species. Therefore, pervious materials are more suitable for land pavement where trees will be planted. Ash showed more tolerance to land pavement than maple, indicating that the selection of tolerant tree species is essential for urban planting. The rational close planting is also an important factor to ensure the growth of urban trees. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

BIODIVERSITY OF TREES AND SHRUBS OF URBAN PLANTATIONS IN ARID REGIONS

Trees and shrubs are essential components in the production of ecosystem services. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biodiversity of plantations in arid regions. A floristic inventory was carried out in three biotopes using an exhaustive sampling approach. Diversity parameters were calculated to assess phytodiversity in each biotope. A total of 23 plants species belonging to 17 families, with a dominance of eudicots at 95.65% were recorded. The dominant families were Fabaceae (17.38%), Arecaceae, Lythraceae and Tamaricaceae (8.69%). The flora was mixed with 56.52% of exotic plant species. The most predominant plant species were Phoenix dactylifera L, Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst, Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq, and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, these species accounted for 72.74% of all individuals inventoried. Shannon’s diversity index and Piélou index of evenness range from 2.68 to 2.95 bits and 0.64 to 0.69, respectively. Simpson’s index range from 0.78 to 0.82. Hamming distance range from 21 to 43. Plantations provide ecosystem services with great importance on ornamental interest. The data collected in this study should be used for creating a floristic database. This database will be regularly updated for monitoring urban plantations. The information resulting from the monitoring will help to improve the urban forest management projects in the development plan.

TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN TWO SMALL CITIES OF KYIV REGION, UKRAINE

The diversity of trees is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of urban forests, but it has hardly been studied in small towns in Ukraine. This study examines the diversity of urban tree species in two small towns in the capital region of Ukraine. The results show that the richest species composition of Vyshgorod city in the adjoining the houses territories and in mini-parks. A total of 100 species and forms of trees and shrubs have been found in the city. 27 species of trees and shrubs are represented In Ukrainka city. Spiraea vanhouttei, Syringa vulgaris and the genus Spiraea are critical for Vyshhorod city. Acer saccharinum, Pinus sylvestris, Populus piramidalis, Betula pendula and Spiraea vanhouttei are critical for Ukrainka city. In contrast to Vyshhorod, where the distribution of trees by diameter is close to optimal, Ukrainka lacks young trees and exceeds the share of ''ripening'', which violates the guarantees of sustainable development of urban plantations. The methodology used in this study may allow practitioners to better assess the sustainability of urban tree plantations.

Prediction of changes in the health condition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) forms softwooded broadleaved forests in various natural zones. It is widely used in protective afforestation and urban plantings, it is a pioneer species in the clear-cuts and burnt areas. However, the global warming and anthropogenic pressure promote the susceptibility of silver birch to pests and pathogens. &#x0D; The aim of the research was to assess the trends in the health condition dynamics of silver birch stands depending on forest site conditions and the initial health condition of the trees.&#x0D; The research was carried out in the 2015-2019 period in the Silver birch forest stands in Kharkiv region in fresh fairly poor forest site conditions (B2), fresh fairly fertile forest site conditions (C2), and fresh fertile forest site conditions (D2). All the stands were 40–45 years old and had a relative density of stocking 0.7–0.8.&#x0D; Health condition class was visually assessed for each tree in July of each year according to “Sanitary rules in the forests of Ukraine”. For each group of sample plots, which corresponded to the main types of forest site conditions, the probability of improvement of health condition, deterioration of health condition, and mortality in 2019 was calculated depending on their health condition in 2015.&#x0D; In each year of the studies (2015–2019), the health condition of silver birch stands was the worst in fresh fertile site conditions, which was due to the bacterial wet wood disease. In the fresh fertile forest site conditions, no tree of the 4th class of health condition improved it during the 2015–2019 period, and in fresh fairly fertile forest site conditions 27.7% of silver birch trees improved their health condition. In each type of forest site conditions, the probability of mortality in more weakened silver birch specimens is higher. The probability of silver birch mortality of any class of health condition was the highest in the fresh fertile forest site conditions and the lowest in the fresh fairly poor forest site conditions.

Monitoring of the Condition of Green Plantations in Shevchenkivskyi District of Kharkiv (on The Example of Bittle Chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum L.)

In the complex of measures for improving atmospheric air quality in a modern city and reduction of noise pollution, special emphasis is placed on outdoor green spaces, which primarily perform a sanitary and hygienic function, protect residents and urban sites from harmful transport emissions, localization and partially absorb them. Purpose. Monitoring the state of green spaces in the Shevchenkivskyi district of Kharkiv (for example, bitter chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum L.) Methods. Analytical and synthetic method, geoinformation (cartographic modeling and processing of remote sensing data), analysis of information sources and methods of field research. Results. Based on the analysis of literature and fund materials and our own field research, information was obtained on the current state of plantings of common bitter chestnut in the Shevchenkivskyi district of Kharkov. A visual assessment of the quality of common bitter chestnut stands was made, in particular, damage to trees was determined. An inventory map of urban plantations of bitter chestnut in the usual Shevchenkivskyi region was developed using GIS technologies. Recommendations have been developed to improve the ecological state of common bitter chestnut plantations within the Shevchenkivskyi district of Kharkiv. Based on the results of this study and taking into account the preliminary work of scientists, it has been proved that the development of an inventory map of urban plantings of common bitter chestnut makes it possible to find out information about the state of the city's green spaces (number, types, age, diseases and damage, etc.). Conclusion. The obtained data on green spaces can determine the priorities for the development of landscape design, an action plan for urban green infrastructure to adapt to climate change. Based on reliable data, you can draw up a quality plan for the development of urban greening.

Ecological and biological features of silver birch (Betula pendula) in the conditions of an industrial city

The article provides data on phenology, on the content of ascorbic acid in Betula pendula Roth., growing in the conditions of the industrial city of Naberezhnye Chelny in the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a region of the Russian Federation. It is noted that natural phytocenoses are characterized by lower air temperatures in comparison with plantations of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises and highway plantings. According to phenological data, in urban plantings, there was observed an increase in defects, a decrease in the vital state, which is associated with severe damage to leaf blades, the formation of leaf necrosis, a decrease in the living area of leaves, which is a consequence of an intense technogenic load on woody plants. It was revealed that the content of ascorbic acid in birch leaves depends on the vegetation stage.

Single Shot MultiBox Detector for Urban Plantation Single Tree Detection and Location With High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

Using high-resolution remote sensing images to automatically identify individual trees is of great significance to forestry ecological environment monitoring. Urban plantation has realistic demands for single tree management such as catkin pollution, maintenance of famous trees, landscape construction, and park management. At present, there are problems of missed detection and error detection in dense plantations and complex background plantations. This paper proposes a single tree detection method based on single shot multibox detector (SSD). Optimal SSD is obtained by adjusting feature layers, optimizing the aspect ratio of a preset box, reducing parameters and so on. The optimal SSD is applied to single tree detection and location in campuses, orchards, and economic plantations. The average accuracy based on SSD is 96.0, 92.9, and 97.6% in campus green trees, lychee plantations, and palm plantations, respectively. It is 11.3 and 37.5% higher than the latest template matching method and chan-vese (CV) model method, and is 43.1 and 54.2% higher than the traditional watershed method and local maximum method. Experimental results show that SSD has a strong potential and application advantage. This research has reference significance for the application of an object detection framework based on deep learning in agriculture and forestry.

Cultural Extension of Ginkgo biloba L. in Slovakia

Ginkgo biloba L. is the oldest species of tree on our planet. It is a dioecious species characterized by exceptional resistance to climate change and natural influences, which predetermines it as a suitable species for urban planting. Not to be overlooked is the ginkgo benefit in terms of the medical effects of leaf metabolites. Due to its aesthetic value ginkgo is becoming popular in family gardens. The aim of our research was the evidence and description of ginkgo trees in Slovakia. The study presents the completion of data on the cultural distribution of this tree. We confirmed the occurrence on more than one hundred localities (103 localities). Some previously registered localities (18) were not found, or trees were felled for various reasons (5). We evaluated the basic dendrometric and growth parameters of the oldest ginkgo trees (aged 242 – 111 years), found in 35 localities of Slovakia. The presented research results bring several new information concerning the tree gender determination, tree habitus, phenological rhythm of development and others. Morphologically interesting solitary trees, including trees with shoots known as lignotubers or “basal chichi” (locality Hajná Nová Ves), or the occurrence of fruits on the leaves, referred to as cv. Ohatsuki (Lučenec) are described and documented by photos.

Fragmented urban areas: Can plants encourage birds in Jambi City urban space?

This study aims to estimate the extent to which vegetation can encourage the presence of birds in the urban city area. Forest area, urban plantation, grove area, and residential area are The Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest location for bird and plant observed in some circular plots (r=25 m) in the morning and afternoon. Bird directly and identified using a field guide and marked plant species immediately identified using the Plantamor website. The data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), The Margalef Index (Dmg), and some using Correlative and regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 28. The results obtained 23 species and a total of 534 individual birds from all observed urban space habitats. All Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) values in each studied habitat type showed a moderate diversity level and low species richness (Dmg). There are 22 plant species that have been identified as places of bird activity. Correlation analysis of the number of plant species on bird species and the number of bird species on bird individuals shows a strong relationship. However, regression analysis shows that the partially analyzed variables have no significant effect, so additional values are needed from other factors.

Forest pathological monitoring of different types protective planting in Lower Volga region

In maintaining the material and energy balance of dry-steppe and semi-desert ecosystems, the main active component is forest-reclamation complexes of various purposes. In addition to environmental stabilization and other economic functions, protective plantings are also reserves of regional biodiversity. Research was carried out on permanent test sites in dendrological collections and protective forest stands of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of RAS, as well as in recreational and landscaping plantings using route and stationary methods in different types of forest plantations that differ in condition, level of anthropogenic impact and maintenance regime. The assessment of the forest pathology status of stands was carried out using standard methods and in accordance with the current guidelines for forest pathology survey of plantings and forest pathology monitoring. It was found that in the spectrum of the examined plants, the most prosperous state of the dendroflora is distinguished by arboretums and forest belts. Urban plantings are dominated by severely weakened and shrinking trees (up to 80.0%). The main pathologies in them were shrunken tops and skeletal branches, xylophages, diseases of foliage, wood and trunks. The least pronounced anomalies of woody plants in forest belts (10.7-22.0% lower than in other types of plantings).

Дифференциация пылезадерживающей способности кроны тополей

One of the key parameters of comfort and compliance with sanitary standards for cities is dustiness of atmosphere. Plantings of representatives of the poplar genus (Populus L.) become a reliable means of optimizing this parameter. We have studied the effectiveness of using different types of poplars in urban plantings, taking into account the differentiation of crown sections by the ability to deposit dust on the surface of the leaf apparatus. The object of research is 8 species from different sections of the poplar genus, typically found in urban plantings of the Nizhny Novgorod region. We considered the influence of three independently of one another factors on the dispersion of dust holding capacity: species-specificity of poplars (8 gradations); lighting conditions of crown due to its orientation relative to the cardinal directions (4 gradations); height characteristics of the crown tier location (3 gradations). Dust was washed off from 100 leaves of each poplar species with their fixed area. The highest amount of dust in the flushes was observed for silver poplar (257.60±5.05 mg), and the lowest – for black poplar (117.69±3.65 mg) and Pópulus nígra var. itálica (105.69±2.90 mg). Oneway ANOVA confirmed the significance of differences between the species for all parameters of dust holding capacity. Three-way ANOVA showed the influence of leaf surface locations in different parts of the crown on the efficiency of dust deposition by representatives of different species. Species appeared to be the most important in the distribution of dust deposited on the leaf surface of shoots in different parts of the crown; the share of its influence was 37.65±0.51 %. The effect of crown lighting conditions was also well measurable; its share was equal to 20.45±0.28 %. The influence of the crown tier height was noticeably less; its share reached 7.19±0.21 %. The listed factors are little related to each other, and their interaction generated a negligible effect: 6.67±4.54 %, Fh2 = 1.47, significance is reliable at 5 % level (F05 = 1.41) and unreliable at 1 % level (F01 = 1.61). For citation: Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov P.V. Differentiation of Dust Holding Capacity of Poplar Crowns. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 48–64. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-48-64