THE COLLECTION FUND OF TREE AND SHRUB PLANTS OF THE KRYVYI RIH BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF UKRAINE AS A SOURCE OF ENRICHMENT OF THE ASSORTMENT FOR GREENING URBAN AREAS

Introduction. Kryvyi Rih is located in the steppe zone of Ukraine and covers the area of 4.75 thousand km2; 94.9 % of this area being classified as anthropogenically transformed territories. In conditions of arid climate and significant technological pressure, very important aspect is to study the ways for optimization of urban plantations.Purpose. The aim of our work was to study tree plantations in the park named after B. Khmelnitsky (founded in 1935), which is one of the largest objects (42 hectares) in the landscaping system of Kryvyi Rih.Methods. Vital state of tree plants was defined according to the methods of L. S. Savelyeva, Z. I. Luchnik, V. T. Yarmishko. Biomophological analysis was conducted according to I. G. Serebryakov, and the distribution among the height classes was performed according to the methods of A. I. Kolesnikov. During the research, such features of tree plants as taxonomic composition, vital state, botanical and geographical as well as biomorphological analysis, distribution according to height classes and age structure were determined.Results. The modern dendroflora of the park is represented by 63 species, 2 hybrids and 10 cultivars, which belong to 46 genera, 26 families and 2 phylogenic groups (phyla). Among the the park plantations, the angiosperms (Magnoliophyta) prevail (92 %), representation of gymnosperms (Pinophyta) is limited (8 %). The largest taxonomic variety is typical of the families Rosaceae Juss. (21.3 %), Salicaceae Mirb. (12 %) and Aceraceae Juss. (10.6 %). Most species came from Circumboreal (33.2 %) and the Atlantic-North American (20.0 %) floristic regions. Prevailing height class is formed by trees of the first magnitude (56.7 %). Among the bushes, the most numerous group is the one of tall shrubs (81.8 %). According to the age structure, five groups were determined. The number of the oldest trees (over 80 years old) is 10 %. Most trees and shrubs have satisfactory vital state.Conclusion. Among the cultures already tested in Kryvyi Rih area, the representatives of families Aceraceae, Betulaceae Gray, Berberidaceae Purch, Fabaceae Lindl, Tiliaceae Juss., Oleaceae Hoffmanns et Link, Rosaceae are considered to be promising due to their ecological and biological characteristics. As to the coniferous plants, it can be recommended to update the range of green plantations of Kryvyi Rih at the expense of plants from genera Thuja Tourn., Juniperus L., Taxus L.

Introduction. According to well-known climatologists, the Earth’s air temperature increased by 0.3–0.6 °C in the 20th century, and this period of warming is quite long-term. Air temperature changes in the Steppe zone of Ukraine occur approximately as they do on the planet as a whole. An increase in air temperature causes shifts in the seasonal rhythm of development in plants of various natural habitats, which can be considered as one of the bioindicators of climate change. Spring phenological processes are more sensitive to changes in the temperature regime, so they experience the strongest transformation compared to other seasons. The most informative phenophase regarding the impact of climate change on plants is the phase of the beginning of flowering. Woody plants are an important component of optimizing urban landscapes and maintaining their diversity in the presence of climate change requires adaptation based on their genetic and phenotypic variability. Based on this, it is relevant to study the peculiarities of the adaptation of their phenorhythms to the modern climatic factors of the Steppe zone of Ukraine, which are aggravated by the action of air pollutants from the enterprises of the Kryvyi Rih region. Aim. To study of the influence of global climate changes at the beginning of the flowering of woody plants in the conditions of an industrial city in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Fixation of the date of the beginning of flowering was carried out according to the method of phenological observations in botanical gardens. The study of climatic changes during 1997–2023 was carried out according to the data of the Internet resource (Weather website – http://rp5.ua). The equation of the trend line and the reliability of their approximation (R2) were calculated using the Excel 2016 program. The analysis of the non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient was performed in the Excel 2016 program. Main results. The results of the analysis of meteorological data in Kryvyi Rih for the period 1997–2023 recorded a gradual increase in the average annual temperature by 1.2 °C, which led to earlier periods of accumulation of positive, effective and active air temperatures for plants (above 0, 5, 10 °C, respectively ) in the spring period. It was proven that in connection with this, the flowering phase of woody plants had shifted to earlier periods. The trend line for the beginning of flowering during 1997–2023 shows a significant shift to earlier dates with the highest approximation value for Tilia cordata. When comparing the average multi-year dates, the beginning of flowering in 2010–2023 compared to 1997–2009 is earlier for Tilia cordata by 5.4 days, for Acer platanoides, Crataegus submollis, Forsythia europaea, Spiraea × vanhouttei this value is from 0.8 up to 1.4 days. Correlation analysis between the beginning of flowering and the sum of temperatures revealed the greatest dependence on temperatures above 5 °C – this indicator is reliable in Acer platanoides, Crataegus submollis, Tilia cordata. The amount of precipitation decreased during 1997–2023 by 27%, which is especially critical during droughts, usually in July–September. With the aggravation of such climatic changes, the influence of summer-autumn droughts on the physiological state of plants will deepen, the number of dust storms, the intensity of evaporation, abnormal temperature manifestations, etc. will increase. Such climatic manifestations are able to make significant adjustments to the range of woody plants used in the landscaping of industrial cities in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. In the future, desertification of this region, displacement of natural zones, which will affect the composition of tree vegetation, is possible. The gradual change in climatic conditions involves the revision of the existing list of species and varieties prospective for introduction into the steppe region, the expansion and change of the range of selection criteria.

Possibilities of artificial hybridization with the use of genotypes from different Cannes groups and the prospect of attracting introduced species for genetically breeding enrichment of the modern Cannes variety are considered.\n\nThe purpose of the work was to select parental pairs for artificial hybridization of Canna for genetically-selective enrichment of its diversity for cultivation in the southern arid region of Ukraine (in Kryvyi Rih). The pollen fertility index of introduced species and varieties of different groups of Canna was used for the selection of parental pairs.\n\nMaterials and Methods. The research was done on 7 species (C. tuerckheimii Kraenzi.; C. indica var. warscewiczii Nob. Tanaka; C. iridiflora Ruiz&Pav.; C. flacida Salisd.; C. indica var. edulis Ker Gawl.; C. indica var. coccinea Mill.; C. indica L.) and 28 varieties of Canna of this collectors' fund. Pollen was chosen in finishing phase of budding for the cytologic analysis and fertility was being defined by iodine reaction of starch, according to the approved method. Hybridization was brought into action using known techniques for Canna. Dates of artificial hybridization and times of castration of the flower have been set according to ecological and climatic conditions of the industrial region.\n\nResults. On the basis of cytogenetic analysis of pollen of introduced species and promising varieties of Canna, parental pairs for artificial hybridization for the purpose of genetically-selective enrichment of its diversity and obtaining specimens, suitable for cultivation in the steppe zone of Ukraine, in particular in the ecologically destabilized region were selected. The approach to the selection of the original forms of Canna for artificial hybridization on the basis of cytogenetic analysis of pollen is developed.\n\nConclusions. According to the index of pollen quality (FI) in final period of bud formation prospective introduced species Сanna were marked for further usage as parental forms in hybridization schemes. The most effective combinations of crossings were found on the basis of performed artificial hybridization as promising introduced Canna varieties for steppe zone and industrial region of Ukraine. The most effective combinations were obtained when crossing among the varieties of the Crozy group.\n\nTwo selection forms have been pointed out from the received fund of hybrid plants Canna as to the complex of ornamental characteristic and have been introduced to the collection fund for their further implementation in landscape gardening

The long-term effect of man-made impact on the environment leads to a radical change in the biogeocenotic cover, among which a special place is given to the devased lands of the Kryvyi Rih region. Their area has increased significantly over the past fifty years and continues to grow and today is more than 30 thousand hectares. hectare. The process of restoring these lands, in particular the quarry-dump type, which were formed during open-pit mining, is usually slow, the natural vegetation cover here quite specific. The present study examines the results of assessing the floristic composition, ecomorphic characteristics, and vitality of woody and shrub plants that constitute the floristic core on technogenically devastated lands. The study utilized the results of our own research conducted from 2019 to 2023 on the territory of the disturbed areas in the Kryvyi Rih iron ore region. It has been determined that the floristic core on the devastated lands of the Kryvyi Rih region consists of 19 species belonging to 15 genera and 11 families. Within the ecological spectrum of the floristic complex (core) comprising woody and shrubby species, mesoxerophytes are prevalent, succeeded by mesotrophs, with a consistent occurrence of sciophytes and heliophytes. Our results indicate that the ecological conditions of the devastated lands are relatively favorable for the growth and development of woody and shrub plant species. It was found that the vital condition of the floristic complex (core) was assessed as «weakened». The condition of woody plants suggests the relative favorability of the ecological conditions of the dump for their growth and development.

Objective – to analyze the quality and viability of pollen Betula pendula Roth, its morphometric characteristics, depending on the influence of emissions of metallurgical combines, exhaust gases of vehicles and urbantechnical environment of Kryvyi Rih. Material and methods. The object of the study was freshly harvested B. pendula pollen from eight plantations, which are subject of different quantitative and qualitative effects of air pollutants in Kryvyi Rih. Micropreparations were prepared according to the standard method, reviewed using the microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star (Germany). The fertility of the pollen was determined by iodine method, and viability – by its germination under laboratory conditions. Measurements were made in AxioVision 4.8.2.0. (062010). Results. There was found out negative influence on male gametophyte B. pendula of industrial enterprises, exhaust gases of cars and even background level of pollution in the city. For the acute emission of metallurgical combines compared with the plants of the arboretum of the botanical garden a substantial decrease in the length of the polar axis was made to 6.6 % (30.3 and 27.6 μm), the equatorial diameter to 7.8 % (30.7 and 28.3 μm), the length of the pollen tube – in 1.4 times (45.9 and 33.7 μm) the amount of fertile pollen – in 1.5 times (91.4 and 60.5 %), the amount of viable pollen in 3.4 times (49.1 and 14.3 %), increasing the share of anomalies up in 3.2 times (3.5 and 11.1 %). The pollutant emissions are less influenced by exhaust gases of motor vehicles and in general the urbantechnical environment of the city. Conclusion. The male gametophyte of B. pendula is sensitive to the effects of atmospheric airpollutants, therefore the fertility and viability parameters of the pollen and the level of its abnormalities, can be used to reflect the degree of exposure of the airpollutants and the level of pollution in the industrial cities of the Steppe zone of Ukraine as well.

Clouds have profound consequences for ecosystem structure and function. Yet, the direct monitoring of clouds and their effects on biota is challenging especially in remote and topographically complex tropical cloud forests. We argue that known relationships between climate and the taxonomic and functional composition of plant communities may provide a fingerprint of cloud base height, thus providing a rapid and cost-effective assessment in remote tropical cloud forests. To detect cloud base height, we compared species turnover and functional trait values among herbaceous and woody plant communities in an ecosystem dominated by cloud formation. We measured soil and air temperature, soil nutrient concentrations, and extracellular enzyme activity. We hypothesized that woody and herbaceous plants would provide signatures of cloud base height, as evidenced by abrupt shifts in both taxonomic composition and plant function. We demonstrated abrupt changes in taxonomic composition and the community- weighted mean of a key functional trait, specific leaf area, across elevation for both woody and herbaceous species, consistent with our predictions. However, abrupt taxonomic and functional changes occurred 100 m higher in elevation for herbaceous plants compared to woody ones. Soil temperature abruptly decreased where herbaceous taxonomic and functional turnover was high. Other environmental variables including soil biogeochemistry did not explain the abrupt change observed for woody plant communities. We provide evidence that a trait-based approach can be used to estimate cloud base height. We outline how rises in cloud base height and differential environmental requirements between growth forms can be distinguished using this approach.

The use of woody and shrubby plants with a developed root system and a large biomass in the technology of phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals is analyzed. Woody plants can be used in the process of phyto-recovery of urban systems as long-term absorbers of heavy metal ions from the soil. The main mechanisms of phytoremediation of contaminated urban areas with the help of trees and shrubs are considered. The sorption capacity of cobalt, manganese and chromium ions by some species of woody and shrubby plants has been studied. The accumulation of heavy metals by seedlings under conditions of soil contamination with cobalt, manganese and chromium ions was studied. The transfer factor of cobalt, manganese and chromium ions was determined for the studied plant species. Species-hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, Gleditsia triacanthos L., Caragána arboréscens L., have been identified, which can be used for phytorestoration of soils of the technogenic region contaminated with cobalt, manganese and chromium ions. Low concentrations of cobalt, manganese and chromium were noted in the seedlings of Quercus robur L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the aerial part, which indicates their ability to exclude heavy metal ions from their aerial parts. It has been established that seedlings of Gleditsia triacanthos L., Caragána arboréscens L., resistant to soil pollution, due to their excellent adaptability, even on degraded and contaminated with heavy metals soil of the experimental plot, have a high level of biomass accumulation without reliable facts of inhibition of growth processes. During the controlled process of phytoremediation carried out in the field, their high sorption capacity was noted, which makes it possible to recommend these species for use in technologies for the restoration of soils contaminated with heavy metal ions.

Апофітні та адвентивні деревні види на девастованих землях гранітних кар’єрів Криворіжжя

Озеленение урботерриторий - актуальный вопрос для любого города. Существование различных методик определения видового состава для объектов озеленения привело к необходимости обработки большего количества данных по различным видам древесно-кустарниковой растительности. В статье авторами рассмотрена возможность оценки поглотительной способности древесно-кустарниковой растительности на объектах озеленения общего пользования. Для получения данных по поглотительной способности растений был проведен анализ видового и возрастного состава древесно-кустарниковых насаждений. Древесные растения представлены 12 видами: Ulmus pumila L., Pinus sylvestris L., Populus balsamifera L., Acer negundo L., Malus baccata L., Betula pendula Roth., Pícea ábies L., Prunus padus L., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Salix miyabeana Seemen, Sorbus sibirica Hedl., Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Кустарниковая растительность представлена 13 видами: Caragana arborescens Lam., Ribes diacanthum Pall, Crataegus sanguinea Pall, Syringa vulgaris L., Rosa acicularis Lindl., Cornus alba, Crataegus laevigata Poir., Sorbaria sorbifolia L., Sambucus sibirica Nakai, Cerasus tomentosa Thunb., Elaeagnus commutata Bernh., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Ribes aureum Pursh. Возрастной состав древесно-кустарниковой растительности был разделен на 3 группы: старовозрастные посадки (от 50 лет), посадки среднего возраста (от 21 до 50 лет), молодые посадки (до 20 лет). Собранный материал позволил выявить объем поглощения загрязняющих веществ из атмосферы и стоимостную оценку по каждому виду древесно-кустарниковой растительности. Greening of urban areas is a topical issue for any city. The existence of various methods for determining the species composition for landscaping objects has led to the need to process more data on various types of trees and shrubs. In the article, the authors considered the possibility of assessing the absorption capacity of tree and shrub vegetation at public landscaping facilities. To obtain data on the absorption capacity of plants, an analysis of the species and age composition of tree and shrub plantations was carried out. Woody plants are represented by 12 species: Ulmus pumila L., Pinus sylvestris L., Populus balsamifera L., Acer negundo L., Malus baccata L., Betula pendula Roth., Pícea ábies L., Prunus padus L., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Salix miyabeana Seemen, Sorbus sibirica Hedl., Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. Shrub vegetation is represented by 13 species: Caragana arborescens Lam., Ribes diacanthum Pall, Crataegus sanguinea Pall, Syringa vulgaris L., Rosa acicularis Lindl., Cornus alba, Crataegus laevigata Poir., Sorbaria sorbifolia L., Sambucus sibirica Nakai, Cerasus tomentosa Thunb., Elaeagnus commutata Bernh., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Ribes aureum Pursh. The age composition of tree and shrub vegetation was divided into 3 groups - old-growth plantings (from 50 years old), middle-aged plantings (from 21 to 50 years old), young plantings (up to 20 years old). The collected material made it possible to identify the volume of absorption of pollutants from the atmosphere and a cost estimate for each type of tree and shrub vegetation.

Formulation of the problem. The world is constantly moving towards the post-industrial phase of development of society, and if the majority of civilized Western countries have decided on their place and role, the cities of Ukraine are just beginning to outline their future landmarks. This is especially true for the future of single-industry cities, the number of which in Ukraine is quite large. Kryvyi Rih is the largest city with exclusively industrial specialization, performing administrative functions only at the local level and having a scientific sector almost completely focused on the needs of the industrial complex. For the last 10 years, managers and scientists have been actively thinking about the problem of diversifying the city's economy and changing its image, and this is reflected in the Marketing Strategy for the city development. Industrial tourism is one of the key tasks of the Strategy. The promising character of the chosen direction of activities is confirmed by the practice of European countries, which are guidelines for development for us. This is due to the fact that not only individual cities, but also entire regions of Great Britain, Germany, France, Poland, the Czech Republic have a wide experience in regeneration of former industrial territories and further popularization of successful practices through industrial tourism. Methods. The research is based on the system approach and the dialectical method of cognition. The key scientific results are obtained using a complex of general scientific methods, namely: analysis and synthesis, abstraction, theoretical generalization. The historical method enables determining significant moments for development of this tourist destination. With the help of these methods, industrial tourism is considered in its internal and external relations entirety. The simulation method enables presenting the organizational model of this tourist destination at the local level. Comparative-geographical and statistical analysis methods allow assessment of the state and dynamics of tourism development in Kryvorizhzhia (Kryvyi Rih region). Based on the method of observation and analysis, the most visited objects of industrial tourism in Kryvyi Rih are systematized and their base map is created. The study aims to analyze best practices of implementing theoretical developments concerning establishment of industrial tourism in Kryvorizhzhia so that Ukrainian cities with similar resources can factor in all positive areas and minimize shortcomings. Results. The theoretical foundations of industrial tourism establishment are analyzed and this definition is outlined. The practice of Kryvyi Rih concerning integrated development of industrial tourism as a direction of further regeneration of the city, which is pioneering for our country, is revealed, the results obtained are analyzed and available shortcomings are identified. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An organizational model of industrial tourism has been developed, which demonstrates the relationship between the resource of the territory and the management mechanism for introducing tourist activities in order to create a tourist product and bring it to the tourist.

The object of research is the flora of the city of Uzhhorod, within its modern administrative boundaries. The main task of the work is to analyze and find out the modern systematic structure of the urban flora of the city, its characteristic features, by adding author's data and critical analysis of herbarium materials, as well as the analysis of floristic summaries of Uzhhorod city and Transcarpathia. 953 species of vascular plants belonging to 440 genera and 104 families were found in the urban flora of Uzhhorod. This includes all species that have been listed for the territory of the city of Uzhhorod throughout the history of its research, some known only from herbarium specimens, some confirmed by modern collections. The studied urban flora, in comparison with the data of V. V. Protopopova and M. V. Sheveri (2003), replenished with 155 species. Spores (1.9%) and gymnosperms (0.4%) are the least common in the urban flora of Uzhhorod (Table І). Angiosperms (97.6%) play a significant role in the number of species in the flora of the city. This distribution between taxa is typical for the globe in general. The number of monocotyledons in the studied urban flora is 15.6%, the number of dicotyledons is 82%. For the investigated urban flora, a comparison of floristic spectra and main proportions with urban floras of other cities of Ukraine was made, in order to determine its floristic richness. The generic coefficient of the compared urban flora varies from 7.4 (Male Polissya) to 9.6 (Kropyvnytskyi). In Uzhhorod, it is 9.1. The value of the generic coefficient is quite high, which indicates the floristic richness of the studied area. The rich composition of the urban flora of Uzhhorod is explained by the large territory of the suburban area of the city and the presence of preserved natural areas. In terms of the number of species (953), the city of Uzhhorod is close to the large industrial cities of southern Ukraine, such as Kherson (964), Mykolaiv (909) and Kryvyi Rih (882) in central Ukraine. The studied urban flora is characterized by a high level of floristic richness, high positions are occupied by the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, which generally corresponds to the spectrum of the natural flora of Ukraine. The high position of the Brassicaceae family (62 species) and the entry into the top ten of the Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Boraginaceae families indicate the connection of the modern urban flora of Uzhhorod with the flora of the Ancient Mediterranean.

Reproductive capability is considered as one of indicators of successful introduction; it helps to evaluate adaptation potential of plants, especially in techogenic conditions. The aim of our work is to research morphometric parameters of cones, profitability and seed quality of Рісеа аbies та P. pungens in the plantations with various levels of aerotechnogenic influence in conditions of an industrial city in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The objects of the studying were the cones of 30–40-year-old trees of P. аbies та P. pungens from eight different plantations situated along the whole city of Kryvyi Rih (126 km) and having various levels of technogenic pollution. We revealed that the maximal length of cone in two investigated species (108,4 and 88,7 mm respectively), width (28,6 and 24,7 mm); the highest seedling vigour (41,0 and 7,2 %), laboratory germination (54,2 and 20,6 %), seed mass (6,9 and 4,2 g), and length of germ (18,5 and 13,8 mm) are noted in the trees from Botanical Garden. The minimal values of all the same indices were ascertained for the trees growing near the metallurgical combine “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”: length of cones – 92,3 and 73,9 mm; width of cones – 26,2 and 22,4 mm; as well as the lowest seedling vigour (2,4 and 1,4 %); laboratory germination (5,0 and 2,0 %), seed mass (5,4 and 3,4 g), and length of germ (12,6 and 5,4 mm). The general seed quantity for a cone of P. аbies та P. pungens, in all the plantation types, varied from 203,9 to 217,2 seeds and from 198,6 to 204,3 ones respectively. The least part of fertile seeds (11,5–13,3 %), and the biggest part of sterile (56,5–58,7 %) and underdeveloped (29,8–30,1 %) ones were noted in the plants of P. pungens directly exposed to emissions of industrial enterprises; for the plants of P. abies the same indices were 20,2–22,5 %; 51,5–52,6 % та 26,0–27,2 % respectively. Therefore, increasing level of techogenic pollution by air pollutants, which is observed during some last years, oppresses the generative sphere of species of genus Рісеа in conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

Iris hybrida hort. is one of the most common flower cultures in the world and is widely used in the design of spring landscape compositions. Researchers have confirmed the wide adaptive capabilities of representatives of the genus Iris L. under various climatic conditions, but a very limited number of varieties has been found in the green plantations of Kryviy Rih (steppe zone of Ukraine). It seems important to study the characteristics of the development of irises in our climatic conditions, taking into account the fact that over the past 30 years the average annual air temperature in Kryvyi Rih has increased by 2°C. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of the temperature factor on the generative development of Iris hybrida hort. during climatic changes in the steppe area of Ukraine. The objects of research were varieties of irises, which differed in terms of the beginning of flowering: early-flowering (beginning of flowering in early May), middle-flowering (second decade of May) and late-flowering (third decade of May). Passing of the phases of generative development (beginning of flowering, mass flowering and its total duration) for the last 17 years (2002–2018) has been analyzed. It was revealed that in conditions of the Kryviy Rih Botanical Garden, in 2002–2018, early-flowering Iris hybrida hort. began to flower on the average on 68th day of spring (on May 7), middle-flowering – on 74th day (on May 13), and late-flowering – on 80th day of spring (on May 19). In our climatic conditions, Iris hybrida hort. began flowering at various temperature indices: average daily temperature of air – from 9°C to 24°C, at the accumulation of the sum of effective temperatures above 5°С – for the early-flowering irises within 170-340°С, for the middle-flowering within 260 to 440°С, for the late-flowering within 310 to 500°С. Calculations of the regression dependence of the beginning of the flowering phase on the sum of effective air temperatures above 5°С showed the presence of a direct relationship of moderate degree (correlation coefficient is 0.48). A group of middle-flowering varieties was rather conditional and at the changes of weather, such varieties may correspond to early-flowering or late-flowering plants by the terms of flowering. The terms of the beginning of flowering of the middle-flowering and late-flowering varieties did not significantly change during 2002–2018, whereas early-flowering in the last five years began flowering 5–7 days earlier (April 28 – May 5) and reduced the duration of the decorative effect by 1.5 times. The middle-flowering varieties while reducing the total duration of flowering (by 1.2 times) for the last 17 years began to bloom massively at the end of the second decade of May invariably. The late-flowering varieties for the period of research do not show significant differences in the generative development, duration of flowering does not change in this group.

Investigation of tritium content in wild plants growing in an area with an underground source of tritium.

We studied the range of woody and shrubby plants in the park of urban-type settlement Petropavlivka, their taxing characteristics, phytosanitary state, and compliance with the ecological conditions of the area. We carried out an assessment of the floral design and the level of improvement of the park and garden object. The territory of the park is divided into zones – children’s, memorial, walking, zone of quiet rest and cultural events. There are no small architectural forms, there is practically no park and garden equipment. The flower decoration of the park is unsatisfactory. Rectangular-shaped flower beds are located in the middle of the alleys. Apart from flowering plants, they include Juniperus sabina and Rose garden gr. Floribunda. The range of flowering plants is represented by 7 species of perennials from 7 genera, with Iris hybrida and Viola reichenbachiana dominating. 523 specimens of woody and shrubby plants grow in the park, which belong to 23 species from 11 families. The share of coniferous species is 7.27% in relation to all plants of the park. The species diversity index is 7.72, which characterizes it as an object with an insufficient level of dendro diversity for the park. The dominant tree species in plantations is Robinia pseudoacacia, there are somewhat less Acer platanoides trees, Ligustrum vulgare dominates among shrubs. Five families (Aceraceae, Salicaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, and Rosaceae) are represented by three species each; the rest are represented by 1–2 species. The most numerous families in terms of the number of specimens are Oleaceae, Fabaceae and Aceraceae. 10 introduced species grow in the park, which is 40.15% in terms of the percentage of specimens. Trees with a height of 10.0 to 12.0 m predominate among plantings of the park. Their share is 27.08% of the number of all trees. The groups of 8.1–10.0 and 12.1–14.0 m are represented by a smaller number – 19.05% each. Most often there are trees with a trunk diameter of 28.1–34 cm, which is 27.38% of the total number of trees in the park. Robinia pseudoacacia dominates in this group. There are fewer woody plants in the groups of 22.1–28 and 34.1–40 m, which is 17.56 and 20.24% respectively. Only 3 specimens have a trunk diameter of more than 52 cm. Populus balsamifera. The vast majority of trees in the park of urban-type settlement Petropavlivka (69.8%) are classified as “healthy”, 21.4% are with signs of damage. 8.2% of trees are severely damaged. Only about half of the park’s woody plants are able to endure a long drought without damage, while others require additional watering during the dry period. 54.29% of plantations are not demanding for soil fertility, 39.57% are megatrophs.