Ukrainian Children Research Articles

Obesity and overweight among children, diagnostic criteria and statistics of prevalence

Objective: to conduct an analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and modern recommendations regarding the criteria for diagnosing overweight and obesity in children, international and national statistical databaseson the prevalence of overweight among children,legalactson the diagnosis of obesity and the detection of overweight in children in Ukraine.
 Methods. bibliosemantic, epidemiological, contentanalysis.
 Results. The international statistical data bases,results of the cross-national studies of WHO, current recommendations and strategies of prevention of obesity of children have been studied. According to the data of the official branch statistics the current scope of spreading of obesity among children’s population of Ukraine. The analysis of the normative documents regulating the order of organization and main components of the obligatory preventive medical examinations of children in Ukraine, the scheme of their periodicity, criteria of evaluation of physical development of children and record of results of medical examination of a child with evaluation of his/ her physical condition have been conducted. Figured out the disadvantages of the existing system of prevention of obesity of children: discrepancies between branchstandardsthatregulateapproachestotheevaluationofharmonyofphysicaldevelopmentofachildanddocumentsthatregulatestoringofresultsofthepreventivemedicalexaminations of children which is the reason for absence of statistics of obesity of children in Ukraine; lowlevel of diagnostics of obesity of children and identification of the excessbody weight that is conditioned by the lowlevel of knowledge a mongprimary medical caredoctors, providing medical careto children,of indicators of excess body weight of children.
 Conclusions. A conceptual solution to this problem can be achieved by organizing a continuous, systematic process of detection and registration of children with overweight and obesity, analysis of the environment where the child is from the standpoint of social characteristics and behavioral characteristics.

A Healing Source of Children’s Literature

The diverse activities by writer Olena Pchilka, her great contribution to the development of the children's literature, Ukrainian home education are disclosed in the article. She has played an important role as an organizer, publisher of the children's literature in Ukraine in the midst of a crucial period of the late XIX – early XX centuries. She was a whole literary institute in one's personality, an inexhaustible source, which generously healed and inspired. In circumstances where the national culture desperately needed education, Olena Pchilka has played a unique role by mobilizing all forces for the creative development of native words. For example, the author's own family has developed and applied those ideological and educational principles, which, in her opinion, it was necessary to put in the foundation education of Ukrainian youth. Olena Pchilka authored a large number of poems, short stories, dramas, translations for children. Children's problems and national patriotic education occupied a special place in the creative activity of the writer. She made many exclusively to bring into reality the national parenting. Despite a ban by the Russian Empire learning and education in Ukrainian, Olena Pchilka has created a good base for learning Ukrainian children in a spirit of national patriotism.

FEATURES OF INDICATORS OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC GASTRODUODENAL PATHOLOGY

Over the past 25 years, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, includinghypertension, has tripled among children in Ukraine. The children of the school age aremost prone to the development of arterial hypertension, which is determined by thecharacteristic disorders of the vegetative function for this period of childhood.The aim of our study - to evaluate the peculiarities of the blood pressure level in childrenof school age with chronic gastroduodenal pathology.Material and methods. 120 children who were hospitalized in the gastroenterologicaldepartment of the Сity children's clinical hospital were examined. All children weredivided into two groups: the 1-st group (60 children) included children with chronicsuperficial gastritis and gastroduodenitis; the 2-nd group (60 children) consisted ofchildren with chronic hyperplastic and erosive gastroduodenitis.To assess the level of blood pressure, children underwent tonometry three times, with aninterval of 3 minutes, on the brachial artery of the left hand. Results were evaluated bypercentile nomograms relative to age, gender and height.Results. In most children of the 1-st group, the systolic blood pressure level was in therange of 105-120 mm Hg and the level of diastolic blood pressure was 50-60 mm Hg. In alarger number of children of the 2-nd group, the systolic blood pressure level was within110-120 mm Hg, diastolic - was in the range of 50-70 mm Hg. In children of the 2-ndgroup, in contrast to children of the 1-st group, significantly more cases of increasedindicators of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined. When assessingthe blood pressure level in children according to percentile tables, it has been foundthat in the 2-nd group there is a greater tendency to arterial hypertension than in the 1-st group. Thus, in children of the 2-nd group more often were observed: 1) a significantincrease in the level of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure 2) a greaternumber of children with an increased level of blood pressure comparing to the childrenof the 1-st group.Conclusions. This may be due to the presence of a more pronounced organic lesion ofthe mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum.

Clinical features of bronchial asthma course in children of Vinnytska oblast, depending on age and level of the disease control

According to various epidemiological studies, the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) in children in Ukraine ranges from 5 to 12%. Despite numerous studies of etiological factors, mechanisms of pathogenesis, the creation of international and national programs, until now it is not possible to take control of the morbidity and course of asthma. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to determine the clinical features of the course of bronchial asthma in children, depending on the age and level of disease control. We examined 227 children with asthma aged 6 to 17 years. In the objective examination, respiratory failure, shortness of breath, dry cough, nasal breathing difficulties, wheezy breathing, emphysema, bloating of the chest, were taken into account. The statistical processing of the results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20 (2013), using parametric and non-parametric methods for evaluating the results. Under supervision were 181 boys (79.73±0.5%), from the total number of examined patients with asthma and 46 girls (20.27±1.98%). The control group included 40 practically healthy children aged 6 to 17 years. It was established that the persistent course of light and medium severity was noted 2.5 times more often than the severe course of asthma, and also 2.4 and 2 times more often (p≤0.01) in the age group of 6–11 years, unlike children 12–17 years old. Severe exacerbations were twice as likely to occur in patients with asthma-mediated etiology, and lungs — in patients with atopic asthma. Uncontrolled levels of the disease were noted 1.6–2 times more often in non-atopic form of asthma, than in its other variants. Thus, among children with asthma, mixed asthma and non-atopic asthma with an uncontrolled course, there is a clear need to find factors that are trigger in the development of exacerbations of the disease, determine their duration and severity, which helps to prevent the progression of asthma and avoid complications.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Ukrainian version of the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire

Purpose To develop and cross-culturally validate the Ukrainian version of the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire by testing its psychometric properties in a sample of Ukrainian children with cerebral palsy. Methods The ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire was translated into Ukrainian, cross-culturally adapted, and administered to 113 parents of children with cerebral palsy. The psychometric properties of the Ukrainian version and its cross-cultural validation were investigated through the Rasch rating scale model. Results One major misfit has been found for the item “Rolling up a sleeve of a sweater” that further was removed. The item “Putting on a backpack/schoolbag” was split into gender-specific items, separately for girls and for boys, as it was systematically easier for Ukrainian girls. All remaining items contributed to the definition of a unidimensional measure of manual ability. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was high (R = 0.95). No significant floor (4%) and ceiling effects (5%) were observed. Three major differential item functioning items were found across Belgium and Ukraine, highlighting the need to use the Ukrainian calibration of ABILHAND-Kids in Ukraine. Conclusion The Ukrainian ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire has good psychometric properties for assessing manual ability in Ukrainian children with cerebral palsy, holding potential to be implemented in clinical practice nationwide. Implications for rehabilitation Cerebral palsy impairs manual ability leading to decreased quality of life and participation. Professionals need valid and reliable tools to detect small changes of manual ability during rehabilitation. Metric properties and availability of the Ukrainian version of the ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire make it a useful tool in the assessment of children with cerebral palsy.

Social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care: Ukrainian innovations

Modern European integration of Ukraine provides for the revision of the main guidelines in the state policy for creating conditions for satisfying the needs and interests of children, and realization of their rights. In particular, the main factor in the field of childhood protection is the focus on the upbringing of the child in the family environment, in support of the family; as an alternative, in the absence of parental care, to create a child-friendly environment. This orientation requires changes in the social support of orphans and children deprived of parental care. The purpose of the research. The aim of the study is to highlight and analyze certain aspects of Ukraine’s innovation activities regarding social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care; determine innovative features of social protection of Ukrainian children in terms of parental care absence. Methodology. The use of methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization revealed the main tendencies of innovative activity of the state authorities regarding orphans and children deprived of parental care. Results and practical meaning. It has been found out that the innovative development of the Ukrainian social support system for orphans and children deprived of parental care is due to positive world experience and focused on the protection of the best interests of the child and the satisfaction of their vital needs; reforming social protection system requires active involvement of the state and civil society institutions, aimed at the deinstitutionalization of placement of orphans and children deprived of parental care, and reorientation of the principles of financial support for families with adopted children; special attention is paid to cooperation with business representatives and international donors. The following basic vectors of social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care have been stated: modernization of algorithms for financing establishments of institutional type, approval of co-financing mechanisms from state and local budgets, and approval of state standards for social care for families with specified category of children. Prospects for further research. The study and analysis of regional programs of social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care in terms of decentralization and funding have been identified as promising.

Environmentally-safe technologies in preparing dietary food for children

The article reveals the role and importance of proper healthy nutrition to ensure the functioning of the child's body. The main factors determining the health of the population, including children, and the preservation of its gene pool are analyzed. The specifics of dietary nutrition abroad are highlighted. The peculiarities of nutrition of children of different ages are substantiated. The possibility and feasibility of using chicken, turkey, quail, rabbit, nutria and ostrich meat dishes in the diet of children will be considered and will ensure healthy nutrition and strengthen the health of Ukrainian children

Wydobyte z ciszy – dziecięce narracje o świecie. Polsko-ukraińskie studium porównawcze

Brought out of silence is a category used by Smolińska-Theiss to present children’s narrations and dialogues about their everyday matters. They take the form of letters to God, to presidents, albums with children’s drawings, photos, children’s films, graffiti, posts and comments. Originally, they date back to Korczak’s studies. Our text is also an act of letting children speak and appreciating their comments and opinions. It is concerned with children’s understanding of the world. Defining the meaning of life by children is the key category here. We called it “a comparative study” due to the fact that we will present utterances by both Polish and Ukrainian children as the category “a meaning of life” may be interpreted differently in various cultural, political or social contexts. The research carried out both in Poland and abroad indicates that a child is a competent unit capable of making logical utterances with the content which shows deep understanding of the world. This text is based on the following theoretical studies: – thinking about a child originating in a postmodernist childhood paradigm as well as psychological constructivism; – the analysis of research material has been based on Judith Butler’s theory – Frames of War.

ФОРМУВАННЯ «Я – КОНЦЕПЦІЇ» ДИТИНИ В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ (КРОС-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ АСПЕКТ)

The following scientists were engaged in research on the dynamics of the self-concept in childhood – Huitt W., James W., Rogers С., Robert B. Burns. They believe that the development of self-concept is a process of gaining knowledge about yourself, awareness of yourself as an active subject of life. The child gradually builds a cognitive theory about who he is and what he is capable of, and uses it in adapting his behavior. At school age, self-esteem also depends on self-confidence in learning. Children who have good academic performance usually have high self-esteem, while children with low academic performance have correspondingly low self-esteem. But it should be noted that self-esteem is strongly socially determined. So we decided to investigate the influence of cultural factors on the development of children's self-concept in the conditions of informal education. The study involved 25 Ukrainian and 18 Vietnamese students (this is their total number in this educational program). The children ranged in age from 7 to 12 years. We used the following methods - “Self-assessment of Dembo-Rubinstein” Kuhn – McPartland test “Who am I?” and projective image “I’m on English language courses”. Classes at courses in Ukraine took place in small groups, 4-8 people in each, and in Vietnam as well. In addition to learning the English language courses, all students attending secondary schools in their cities. Significant differences were identified according to the Mana-Whitney criterion (at the level of 0.05) according to the competency scales (“Ability to draw” and “Ability to speak English”) and on the “Level of happiness” scale. Indicators of individual characteristics, such as “Beauty”, “Mind”, “Kindness” do not have significant differences. It is likely that the greater personal involvement of Ukrainian children in informal education and the subjective importance of the skills acquired during the study in sections has a positive effect on the childrens’ assessment of their skills. Despite the fact that the Ukrainian children positively evaluate their skills, they are generally lower rate their individual characteristics and level of happiness.

Роль генетичного дослідження мутацій гена гормону росту в діагностиці синдрому біологічно неактивного гормону росту в дітей

Мета. Визначити роль генетичного дослідження мутацій гена гормону росту в діагностиці синдрому біологічно неактивного гормону росту (СБНГР) для уточнення його форми та призначення патогенетичного лікування. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 153 дитини (61 дівчинка та 92 хлопчики) віком від 3 до 10 років із відставанням у рості понад мінус 2 SD від фізіологічних показників. Соматотропну функцію досліджували за допомогою фармакологічних проб. Для підтвердження СБНГР проводили чотириденну пробу на чутливість до ГР. У 50 дітей із підтвердженим СБНГР визначали наявність мутації D112G у гені ГР методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Результати. У пацієнтів із СБНГР виявлено характерні гормональні порушення — низький рівень інсуліноподібного чинника росту 1 (ІЧР‑1) на тлі нормального рівня ГР та індексу маси тіла (ІМТ) не нижче від 50-ї перцентилі для даного віку та статі. За результатами дослідження наявності заміни в гені ГР (С475→Т, Asp138→Gly) у цілому по групі обстежених із СБНГР не виявлено: генотип усіх пацієнтів — С/С (Asp/Asp). Висновки. У дітей України, хворих на СБНГР, генетичне дослідження не виявило мутації D112G у гені ГР. Основними критеріями діагностики СБНГР є нормальний або підвищений рівень ГР і знижений — ІЧР‑1, як правило, позитивна реакція на чутливість до ГР, ІМТ понад 50-у перцентиль, відсутність соматичної патології. Для остаточного генетичного підтвердження СБНГР інформативним буде секвенування гена ГР для виявлення порушень його структури в усіх сайтах.

Dynamics of Epidemiological Indications of Epilepsy Prevalence, Morbidity and Disability among Children in Kharkiv Region, Ukraine

Objective Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system, which affects 0.5 to 2% of the entire population The aim is comparison of prevalence, incidence and disability from nervous diseases and epilepsy among children of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and the results are compared with global figures. Patients and methods Materials and methods: Epidemiological indicators, namely the prevalence and incidence. For the comparative analysis, the statistical data of the last 5 years are used. Results Review: The prevalence of epilepsy in Ukraine amounts to 25 695 children (3.21%), higher than the prevalence of cerebral palsy or neuroinfections, the average value for 5 years is 24 667 children (3.144%). In the Kharkiv region the number is 1 451 children (3.43%), 5-year average is 1 340 children (3.21%). The incidence of epilepsy in children in Ukraine is 3 306 children (0.43%), the average value for 5 years is 3 569 children (0.454%). In Kharkiv region the incidence is 252 persons (0.53%), an average is 201.2 children (0.468%). Conclusion Conclusions: Reliable epidemiological indicators will make it possible to improve the system of rendering specialized medical care to children with epilepsy, carry out a pharmaco-economic analysis, calculation and estimation of the costs for patients' treatment, which is especially important in the framework of the health care system reformation. Thus, the compilation of patients' registers with epilepsy is one of the urgent tasks to optimize the medical care.

POLLEN–FOOD ALLERGY SYNDROME AMONG CHILDREN WITH SENSITIZED TO SPRING TREES

It is known that among 40–70 % of patients pollinosis can run in conjunction with pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFS), while development of PFS is associated with the consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts and spices. Clinical course and severity of the disease depend on the sensitization profile, which can be represented by proteins-panallergens (PR-10, profilins, nsLTPs). However, there is little information about the sensitization profiles of patients with pollinosis caused by pollen of spring trees in Ukraine. Aim. To study the profiles of sensitization of children with spring pollinosis. Methods. We examined 61 children (aged 4-17 years) with spring seasonal allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR). To establish the diagnosis, all children were given questionnaires, skin prick tests (SPTs) with commercial pollen extracts, and prick to prick tests with fresh fruits, vegetables and nuts. Component resolved diagnosis (CRD) were detected using an ImmunoCAP system. (Phadia, 100). Results. It has been found that in 43 children (70.5 %) had polinosis in combination with PFS, the main clinical manifestation of which was an oral allergic syndrome in 43 children (100 %). Among the causal food allergens that caused the manifestations of PFS were more apples, peaches, carrots and hazelnuts (consumption of which led to 11.6 % of children before the development of anaphylaxis). All of the examined children (100 %) had a positive IgE response to rBet v 1 at significant concentrations. In 9.3 % of children, panallergens were found at once from several botanical groups. Such panallergens: rBet v 2, rBet v 4, rPhl p 7, rPhl p 12, rArt v 3 are generally not defined in the control group children. Conclusions. Birch related PFS are common in Ukrainian pollen-allergic children with nuts and fruits predominantly implicated. Sensitization profile of children with Birch-pollen syndrome is complex and associated with sensitization to panalergens. Clinicians should be worried of PFS in patients with a high degree of sensitization to birch pollen and even young children if they have birch sensitization.

School Bullying in Ukraine


 
 
 School bullying is a phenomenon that was once difficult to define and normalized to many; however, this view has changed in recent decades. School bullying is now understood to be the systematic and repetitive abuse of power by one or many individuals over another. It occurs in many forms, directly and indirectly, and involves a breadth of actions that cause serious harm to the victim. The issue of school bullying has spread across the globe to the extent that the United Nations has taken a stance on the matter in its End Violence Against Children initiative after a published report that 24% of Ukrainian children are facing harassment in schools. A review of the literature on school bullying is outlined, including the definition of bullying, prevalence, leading causes, and consequences. Ukraine school bullying prevalence and recommendations are discussed in light of global and national initiatives and actions. Finally, recommendations are offered in relation to what Ukrainian teachers, parents, and students need to know regarding how to prevent and alleviate the psychological, physiological, biological, and social symptoms that often result from school bullying.
 
 

PRACTICAL STEPS TO IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSTICS OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASES IN NEWBORNS AND OLDER CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

PRACTICAL STEPS TO IMPROVE THE DIAGNOSTICS OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASES IN NEWBORNS AND OLDER CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors among Ukrainian Children: The Role of Family Communication and Maternal Coping.

This study aims to explore the relationship of mother's ways of coping with stress and family communication with the child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in Ukraine. In a cross-sectional sample of 294 mother-and-child (9-16 years of age) Ukrainian dyads, mothers answered questions from the revised Ways of Coping Checklist, FACES Family Communication scale, Child Behavior Checklist, and questions about their sociodemographic characteristics. Robust regression results suggest increased internalizing behaviors were statistically associated with poor family communication (b = -.19, 95% CI [-.30, -.08], p<.01), maternal coping by accepting responsibility (b = 2.14, 95% CI [.44, 3.84], p<0.05), escape-avoidance (b = 3.79, 95% CI [1.00, 6.58], p<0.01), planful problem solving (b=2.80, 95% CI [.61, 4.99], p<0.05), child female gender (b = -2.53, 95% CI [-4.22, -.83], p<.01) and lower family income (b = -.003, 95% CI [-.006, -.0001], p<.01). Increased child externalizing behaviors were statistically associated with maternal seeking social support (b = 3.25, 95% CI [1.06, 5.43], p<.01), decreased positive reappraisal (b = -1.52, 95% CI [-2.91, -.12], p <.05), maternal unemployment (b = -2.80, 95% CI [-5.30, -.30], p<.05), poor family communication (b = .46, 95% CI [-.59, -.34], p<.001), and child male gender (b = 3.48, 95%CI [1.53, 5.44], p<.01). Poor family communication was linked with significantly higher increase in internalizing behaviors for girls compared to boys (b = .17, 95% CI [.03, .32], p<.05). When examining child internalizing and externalizing behaviors it is important to consider the role of family communication and maternal coping.

Artistic and stylistic peculiarities of the graphic work of Petro Lapyn, illustrator of the children's books in the first third of the 20th century

The beginning of the 20th century is a period of creative and printing experiments in the Ukrainian art. New generation of Ukrainian books was born in this period. The illustration of the children's books was a significant part of this process. Famous Ukrainian graphic artists, such as H. Narbut, M. Zhuk, O. Sudomora, V. Kononchuk, took part in the creation of a new Ukrainian children's book. Some little-known artists also worked with them, and their creativity was an important part of the artistic process. Petro Lapyn was one of those artists. From 1917 to 1929, he worked with the famous publishing houses, such as Vernyhora, Derzhavne Vydavnytstvo, Proliski, Knyhospilka and Rukh. Children's books, illustrated by P. Lapyn, are kept in the funds of the Pedagogical Museum of Ukraine, the National Library of Ukraine for Children, Ivan Fedorov Book Chamber of Ukraine and private collections. We have found about 30 of his projects. But the information about the artist himself and his life is quite limited. One of the first books he illustrated was the poem of S. Rudanskyi «Vovk, Sobaka ta Kit» («The Wolf, the Dog, and the Cat»), published in black and white in 1918. This early Petro Lapyn's work revealed his artistic outstanding peculiarities: vibrant linear drawing, harmonious combination of text and illustrations, variety of graphic techniques and skills in the representation of characteristic features. The high point of the artist's career is the illustration of «Crows and Owls», I. Franko’s fairy tale, printed in 1926 (Kharkiv, Rukh). It demonstrates the animalistic works of the artist. There are typical structural elements in fairy tale books: vignettes, drop caps. P. Lapyn uses decorative handwritten fonts and silhouette drawings for them. His graphic creations are full of emotions. Specific features of his work are: humour, emotionality, anthropomorphism, careful attitude towards literary material, and consistently high level of drawing.

Tax benefits to families with children

The article deals with theoretical and empirical research of the influence of social tax benefits (allowances) on welfare of families with children in Ukraine and worldwide. International comparisons of basic features and requirements that serve to qualify recipients of the social tax allowance such as income threshold; family size and composition (including relationships, number and age of children); amount of tax deduction (social tax allowance); a tax wedge on labour; untaxed income are carried out. Basic advantages of tax benefits in comparison with direct state aid are generalized in terms of welfare improvement for families with children. Tax benefits are argued to work better as incentives for parents to increase their labour efforts. In addition, they also decrease pressure on working population, lower demand for government expenditures and eliminate problem of "budget freeriders". Earned income tax credit (EITC) in the USA has been analyzed regarding whether it is effective in targeting social and fiscal issues in this country. The study concluded that EITC assists a wide scope of low-income families with children and thus establishes high income tax progressivity in different brackets in the USA. The special attention was paid to the provisions of EITC and other in-work tax benefits under the system of married couple (joint) tax filing whose introduction is being currently debated in Ukraine with the aim to promote more socially-oriented tax system. The efficiency of tax benefits for families with children in Ukraine has been challenged within the analysis of legislative provisions of social tax allowance (STA) and estimation of STA influence on the welfare of low-income (poor) families with children. We have found evidence that STA in Ukraine is characterized with restrictions that make a large group of families with children ineligible and thus a conclusion was made that STA discriminates against those who are really in need. Furthermore, insufficient amount of deduction within STA seems inadequate in order to reduce poverty or increase income tax progressivity. Consequently, some recommendations in order to improve STA in Ukraine are suggested.

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СПЕЦІАЛІЗОВАНИХ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ПОСЛУГ У ГОТЕЛІ СІМЕЙНОГО ТИПУ

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to justify the feasibility of introducing specialized packages with rehabilitation services for children with special needs in a family-type hospitality establishment. Indeed, statistics show that in recent years in Ukraine and the world the number of cases of autism is increasing. Methodology. The methodological basis of this work is the work of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of inclusion, scientific periodicals, Internet resources. The methodology includes statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and others, which reflect the prevalence of psychophysical diseases and their number. The methodology also includes the work of foreign scientists on the evidence of the effectiveness of a special diet. Results. As a result of the research, world experience was analyzed regarding the introduction in Ukraine of comfortable conditions for rehabilitation, as well as relaxation in institutions for placement of family-type children with special needs. It was revealed that in our country there is no experience in introducing such services in hotels. Specialized services for children have been developed that can be implemented in an innovative placement institution. The results will help move the problem of effective specialized rehabilitation of children with autism in combination with quality rest. Scientific novelty. The necessity of introducing services for the rehabilitation of children with developmental disabilities is identified. The world experience is systematized regarding the introduction of comfortable conditions for rest and rehabilitation in hotel complexes of children with autism in Ukraine with an analysis of the available methods for the possibility of their application in the development of the hotel business. Specialized services are provided that will enhance the institution's competitiveness, as well as allow families with special children to travel, relax and improve their health. Practical significance. Coverage of the problem of providing specialized rehabilitation services for children in Ukraine and the development of practical ways to solve it will improve the situation in the hotel market of the country. In the future, packages of services that can be used in hospitals by specialists for working with special children will be developed. This will lead to the development of wellness programs for children, involving classes by specially trained personnel, while parents will be able to devote their free time to outdoor recreation. The introduction of such services will help to increase public awareness, as well as the development of inclusion.

Forms and trends of international cooperation in the investigation of violent crimes against children in Ukraine

Forms and trends of international cooperation in the investigation of violent crimes against children in Ukraine

Historical background to preventing and preventing domestic violence

The article is about exploring the historical background to countering and preventing domestic violence. It is established that the legal phenomenon under study has two components: an analysis of the causes of domestic violence and determining the location of each of the subjects covered by these relationships. It is concluded that, given the number of scientific works, the subject of which were separate elements of the mechanism of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence, it is more expedient to study this phenomenon through the prism of establishing the historical preconditions for its occurrence. Today, it is crucial to study the genesis of domestic violence by researching scientific, historical, and religious sources, legislation in contemporary Ukraine, analyzing current legislation, comparing the domestic and western history of the problem of domestic violence to further determine the factors and ways to overcome it. The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical aspects of domestic violence as a complex and historically stable phenomenon. The problem of domestic violence and prevention has been discussed for a long time, especially since the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention of Domestic Violence» of November 15, 2001 No2789-III, however, scientists and practitioners have come to the conclusion that the existing legislative norms did not perform their functions properly , and in order to comply with international standards, today this topic is again actively discussed in society and for good reason because according to statistics released during the voting for the Law, over 3 million children in Ukraine annually observe acts of violence in the country. themselves or their forced participants, and nearly 70% of women are subjected to various forms of abuse and humiliation. And here it is important to understand that the legislator must not just implement international standards, and wait for change. The main task of the state - to realize each of their sections in reality, while achieving the goals of the law, namely: to create an effective system aimed at ensuring the prevention of criminal acts against violence, preventing them, stopping and punishing them for such actions, creating an effective system of crime investigation, ensuring the effectiveness of remedies for every domestic violence victim. Keywords: domestic violence, counteraction, prevention, fight against violence, causes.