Abstract

 
 
 School bullying is a phenomenon that was once difficult to define and normalized to many; however, this view has changed in recent decades. School bullying is now understood to be the systematic and repetitive abuse of power by one or many individuals over another. It occurs in many forms, directly and indirectly, and involves a breadth of actions that cause serious harm to the victim. The issue of school bullying has spread across the globe to the extent that the United Nations has taken a stance on the matter in its End Violence Against Children initiative after a published report that 24% of Ukrainian children are facing harassment in schools. A review of the literature on school bullying is outlined, including the definition of bullying, prevalence, leading causes, and consequences. Ukraine school bullying prevalence and recommendations are discussed in light of global and national initiatives and actions. Finally, recommendations are offered in relation to what Ukrainian teachers, parents, and students need to know regarding how to prevent and alleviate the psychological, physiological, biological, and social symptoms that often result from school bullying.
 
 
Highlights
History of BullyingSchool bullying research, prevention, and correction has gone through four waves since the 1970s [10]
School bullying is a phenomenon that was once difficult to define and normalized to many; this view has changed in recent decades
The issue of school bullying has spread across the globe to the extent that the United Nations has taken a stance on the matter in its End Violence Against Children initiative after a published report that 24% of Ukrainian children are facing harassment in schools
Summary
School bullying research, prevention, and correction has gone through four waves since the 1970s [10]. Wave one was known as Origins, which occurred between 1970 and 1980 and was hallmarked by its focus on individual bullying. Wave two lasted until 1990 and is known as the Research wave. During this decade, the amount of scholarship on bullying increased significantly as studies used the new peer nominations (versus self-report) technique. Researchers from countries like Finland, America, and Japan began their own internal, systematic studies. This led to wave three, known as the International wave, when school bullying research exploded on the global scene. Cyberbullying takes up somewhere between seven percent (7%) [4, 11] and thirty-three percent (33%) of bullying worldwide [10]
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