Tver Region Research Articles

The comprehensive use of information and communication technologies in prevention of diseases of the circulatory system on the example of the Tver Region

The comprehensive use of information and communication technologies in prevention of diseases of the circulatory system on the example of the Tver Region

Screening of accessions from fiber flax collection by productivity and their adaptability to the conditions of the North-West region of Russia

The article presents the results of evaluation of 19 collection accessions of fiber flax in the conditions of the North-West of Russia (Tver region). The experiments were carried out in 2015-2017 on soddy-podzolic light loamy soil. The most favorable conditions for the formation of high yields of flax fiber were formed in 2017 (Ij = 0.52), for flax seeds ‒ in 2015 (Ij = 0.07). According to the flax fiber yield, such varieties as Tost 3, Atlant (Russia), Evea (France), Alizee, Merylin, (Holland) have been noted, their yield was in the range of 1.65 (Atlant) ... 2.18 (Evea) t/ha, which is 17.0...51.3 % higher than the standard Alfa variety. The variability of this trait in domestic varieties Tost 3 and Atlant is average (CV = 22.58 and 33.31 %, respectively). The varieties of West European breeding Evea, Alizee, Merylin have high variability (CV = 35.02…41.70 %). Varieties Merylin, Evea and Atlant also showed a high yield of flax seeds 0.77...0.82 t/ha with the variability level of 21.31...28.58 %. These genotypes significantly exceeded the average value for this trait – coefficient of adaptability (CA) was 1.10…1.25. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of fiber flax accessions, including the yield of fiber and seeds, as well as their adaptive properties - stress resistance (Y2 - Y1), genetic flexibility and compensatory ability (Y1 + Y2 / 2), stability (d), the highest indicators were shown by the varieties Tost 3, Atlant and Evea. These genotypes are a valuable source material in fiber flax breeding for adaptability. The expansion of sown areas under these varieties in the conditions of the North-West region of Russia will contribute to solving the problem of the country's raw material supply.

Ретроспектива и современное экологическое состояние Старо-Тверецкого канала и его прибрежной зоны (Тверская область)

Рассматриваются последствия долговременного антропогенного влияния и угрозы необратимой деградации старейшей гидросистемы России в г. Вышний Волочек и его пригородах (Тверская обл.). Описаны признаки ускоренной трансформации экосистем Старо-Тверецкого канала в связи с резким снижением его проточности в период 2014-2021 гг. Отмечено увеличение концентрации биогенных элементов в воде, что приводит к усилению процессов евтрофикации канала и его активному зарастанию. The consequences of long-term anthropogenic influence and the threat of irreversible degradation of the oldest hydraulic system in Russia in the city of Vyshny Volochyok and its suburbs (Tver region) are considered. The signs of accelerated transformation of the ecosystems of the Staro-Tveretsky Canal due to a sharp decrease in its flow rate in the period 2014-2021 are described. An increase in the concentration of biogenic elements in the water was noted, which leads to an increase

Концепция Красной книги Тверской области 2022

Приводятся основные подходы к формированию нового, третьего, издания Красной книги Тверской области, обзор изменений в законодательстве, некоторые результаты работ по мониторингу редких видов флоры и фауны, выполненных ООО «Стратегия ЭКО» в рамках государственного контракта № 91 от 06.07.2021 по заказу Минприроды Тверской области, приводится перечень стратегических мероприятий по охране биоразнообразия на территории области The main approaches to the formation of a new, third edition of the Red Data Book of the Tver Region, as well as an overview of changes in legislation are provided. Some results of work on monitoring of the rare species of flora and fauna of Tver Region, performed according to Strategy ECO LLC under state contract No. 91 of 07/06/2021 by order of the Ministry of Natural Resources are given. The list of the strategic measures to protect the regional biodiversity is given.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫХ РЫНКОВ

The article is devoted to the consideration of the factors that determine the qualitative socio-economic development of the regional food markets of the Republic of Chuvashia, the Tver region and the Krasnodar Territory.
 The socio-economic development of the food markets of the constituent entities of Russia is ensured by a number of factors that have their own specific implementation and development in each region. However, despite these features and differences, regional markets function and develop qualitatively in the aggregate and unity of a complex of factors in the evolution of the food market.
 Therefore, the identification and definition of the main factors that determine and regulate the process of development of the regional agro-industrial sector in the socio-economic direction is relevant at the present time.

Predicting the number of hunting animals in the State complex “Zavidovo” based on a mathematical model

It is necessary to predict the number of hunting animals under the conditions of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors the habitat and economic use, for rational and inexhaustible their use. Understanding changes in the number of hunting animals is an important tool for managing hunting resources. Predicting of the number of hunting animals in the region as a rule, is based on trend models of population dynamics. In practice, the calculation and constructive method and the method of mathematical modeling have become the most widespread in predicting the population of hunting animals in dynamics. The computational and constructive method is based on the use of correlation and regression models, but it does not take into account the main indicators of population size formation: the fertility rate, which is formed on the basis of the specic weight of males, the percentage of yeldness and the number of calves (young animals) in the calving (litter), and the livability depending on the percentage of natural death and losses from poaching. The method of mathematical modeling involves the compilation of mathematical models and conducting model experiments to predict the number of species of hunting animals in dynamics. The relevance of this mathematical analysis lies in its multifactorial nature and rather high reliability. In the eld of predicting the number of hunting animals the modied P. H. Leslie model is of particular interest. The purpose of the work was to predict the number of wild ungulates (roe deer, elk, maral and spotted deer) in the Zavidovo State Complex in the Tver region until 2035. The use of the modied P. H. Leslie model makes it possible to predict the development of hunting animal populations both in the Zavidovo State Complex as a whole and in individual hunting areas with precise adjustment of models according to area parameters.

Application of elements of the information and analytical system of crop management to ensure resource-saving production of flax seeds in the Tver region

Relevance. The concept of precision agriculture call for the use of physical and mathematical, technical and software tools for obtaining and processing information about agroecosystems, as well as for the implementation of agricultural practices directly in the field. To date, there are quite a few software products that can control the production of crops, in particular, the management of differentiated fertilization and compliance with elements of cultivation technology. The purpose of our research conducted over two years was to develop and test in real field conditions algorithms for the functioning of the module of the information and analytical system of crop management for specialized crop rotations involving flax.Methods. The objects of research were the elements of the information and analytical management system for resource-saving production of crop production "Vash urozhaj" (IASUR) and flax-long-lived variety Tonus (selection of the FSBI FNC LC). The experiment used an electronic field map in kml file format containing the coordinates of points, quantitative characteristics of indicators of the content of nutrients and chemical elements in elementary areas within the surveyed spatial object, a technological map of the cultivation of flax, developed specifically for this variety, task maps for the application of solid and liquid fertilizers in .csv file format.Results. Developed and formed in the information and analytical system "Vash urozhaj" electronic technological map of the cultivation of flax-long-legged variety Tonus, containing a list of technological operations, timing and quality characteristics of their implementation, including a possible set of machinery and equipment. The possibility has been tested and the effectiveness of the module for obtaining climatically secured flax yield has been determined — the planned estimated yield for this flax variety at the pilot site is 4.3 c/ha. When cultivated according to the technology adopted in the Federal Scientific Center of Bast Cultures, introduced into the agroplatform, a yield of 4.0 c/ha was obtained. The yield deviation by 6.98% relative to the calculated one is due to the weather features of the growing season of 2021.

Сравнительная оценка сукцессионной динамики древесных фракций ельников южной тайги

Relevance. The native forests can be recognized as endangered formations of the European North of Russia. They are benchmarks of forest sustainability for comparative assessment with forests of other origin and use, what determines the relevance of research on their structural features. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative assessment of dynamic processes in the native forests of spruce formations of the southern taiga subzone of various successional positions (phases of dynamics) in the time trend of their development. Material and methods. Native spruce forests of different ages of the southern taiga subzone of the Central Forest Biosphere Reserve (Tver region) and the Kologrivsky Forest Reserve (Kostroma region) were researched various dynamic characteristics and successional position — climax, demutation, digressive. In the biogeocenoses of the sample areas, the age of trees and the presence of rot were determined, age series were built, the volumes of trees in age generations were calculated. All the tree fractions of the analyzed spruce forests were arranged in one time series: stands, current tree fall and deadfall — from retrospective values (– 60 years) to prospective values of the age limit of trees of the first generations of stands (+ ~ 300 years). The processes of dynamics of volumes of the wood fraction of native spruce forests of various successional positions in a long time space with different rates of accumulation and decomposition of wood biomass are described. Results and discussion. The processes of accumulation of biomass and the formation of age structures of biogeocenosis are 4 to 7 times slower than the processes of decomposition of the dying biomass of woody decay. Wood-destroying fungi of the saprotrophic complex “adjust” the activity of the decomposition process of wood decay to the dynamics of wood accumulation by the stand, maintaining the balance of accumulation and decomposition of woody biomass in the forest community. The correlation dependence of the increase in the values of tree infestation with wood-destroying fungi in age generations with an increase in their age is expressed in correlation coefficients from r — 0.89 at mr — 0.07 and t — 11.8 (spruce grove 1) to 0.99 at mr — 0.004 and t — 245 (spruce grove 4). The connection in both cases is very high, almost functional, which can be interpreted as a pattern. Conclusion. In native virgin forests, the balance of reproducible and decomposable wood is preserved as one of the most important criteria for the sustainable functioning of forest communities. This position can be regarded as an important fact of the evolutionary functional structure of forests.

Recognition of arable soils from photographs obtained as part of crowdsourcing technologies

The study focuses on the possibilities of using photographs obtained using crowdsourcing technologies for the operational inventory of arable soils. The object of the study is the spectral reflectance of the open surface of arable soils of the test plots, measured using a HandHeld-2 spectroradiometer operating in the range of 325–1 075 nm, and their image in photographs taken with conventional cameras. Test sites are located in the Tula, Moscow and Tver regions. The soils of the test plots are sod-podzolic, gray forest, and leached chernozems. Based on the analysis of photographs of the surface and information obtained using a spectroradiometer, a set of spectral parameters in the RGB, YMC and HSI color systems, as well as their ratios (45 parameters), was calculated. These parameters were used to separate the analyzed soil types using classification trees. The accuracy of classification based on the results of validation varies from 63–100%. At the same time, the parameters of the HSI and YMC color systems turned out to be more informative than the parameters of the RGB color system. The established classification rules can later be used to determine the classification position of soils from images collected using crowdsourcing technologies.

SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS OF FORMATION AND FORECASTING OF THUNDERSTORMS IN THE TVER REGION

Цель исследования - на основе анализа многолетней динамики грозовой активности и метеорологических условий на территории Тверской области выявить основные синоптические условия образования гроз, и рассмотреть методы прогнозирования гроз и их оправдываемость на примере методов Вайтинга и индексов неустойчивости атмосферы. The purpose of the study is to identify the main synoptic conditions for the formation of thunderstorms on the basis of an analysis of the long-term dynamics of thunderstorm activity and meteorological conditions in the Tver region and to consider methods for forecasting thunderstorms and their justification on the example of Waiting's methods and atmospheric instability indices.

FEATURES OF THE SOCIO-GEOGRAPHIC SPACE OF NELIDOVO, TVER REGION

Статья посвящена крупномасштабному исследованию пространства малого города. Объектом исследования стал город Нелидово Тверской области. Для дательного и всестороннего анализа была использована концепция социально-географического пространства. В работе проанализировано размещение разных типов городской застройки. Проанализировано взаиморасположение ареалов повышенной концентрации населения и объектов обслуживания. Выявлено, что в отличии от исторических городов, в Нелидово, как молодом городе, эти ареалы накладываются друг на друга. Для более дательного анализа городского пространства была проведена социально-географическая оценка качества городской среды. Для этого были рассмотрена обеспеченность основными видами услуг: образованием, здравоохранением, торговлей, общественным транспортом и парковыми зонами. Наивысшую оценку обеспеченности рассмотренными видами услуг получили центральные улицы города. Особое внимание в работе уделено исследованию ментального пространства города. Выделены вернакулярные районы и оценена их престижность. The article is devoted to a large scale study of the space of a small city. The object of the study was the city of Nelidovo, Tver region. For a dative and comprehensive analysis, the concept of socio-geographical space was used. The paper analyzes the placement of different types of urban development. The interposition of the areas of increased concentration of the population and service facilities is analyzed. It was revealed that, unlike historical cities, in Nelidovo, as a young city, these areas overlap each other. For a more detailed analysis of the urban space, a socio-geographical assessment of the quality of the urban environment was carried out. To do this, the provision of the main types of services was considered: education, health care, trade, public transport and park areas. The highest assessment of the availability of the considered types of services was received by the central streets of the city. Particular attention is paid to the study of the mental space of the city. Vernacular areas are identified and their prestige is assessed.

Возможности применения цифровых сервисов на кормовых угодьях

A narrow circle of large agricultural producers have the financial capacity to purchase new equipment, use IT equipment and platforms. Along with the high costs of their implementation, this is due to the lack of examples of the use of such technologies showing their advantages. For the purpose of testing and practical application of advanced digital intelligent production technologies, taking into account the trends in the development of electronic (e-agriculture) and digital (digital-agriculture) agriculture, since 2017, a project using digital agricultural platforms has been launched at pilot sites in the Tver region. The purpose of the introduction of digital agricultural platforms in experimental fields is the unification of the production process, operational planning, accounting and control of agricultural work, monitoring the use of machinery. In the future — monitoring of crops and control of the harvesting company. When preparing information on land use, cultivated crops and its introduction into the systems, factors and parameters were identified that need to be adjusted to obtain maximum profit from 1 hectare with an optimal cost ratio and a deficit-free balance of nutrients.

Prospects for the Development of the Linen Subcomplex of the Russian Federation on the Example of the Tver Region

The forms of management of the linen subcomplex in the Soviet and postSoviet times are analyzed. The problems and prospects for the development of the linen industry as a result of the creation of a linen regional cluster are considered. The advantages of clustering and the main directions of integration of enterprises for the cultivation and processing of flax and the production of competitive high-tech products are shown. The created clusters in the economy of Russia and other countries of the world, the existing and proposed measures of their state support are characterized.

Self-renewing legume-grass stands on drained lands of the Central District of the Non-Chernozem Zone

Studies to study the adaptive responses of self-renewing legume-grass stands were carried out in 2018-2021 at the agroecological station VNIIMZ (Tver region). The object of research was pasture herbage with the participation of rhizomatous grasses: giant bentgrass variety VIK-2, meadow bluegrass variety Balin and red fescue variety Maxima, their productivity was studied under conditions of uneven precipitation. It was revealed that the most adaptive conditions for the growth, development and formation of the productivity of the studied herbs were formed in the first and second years of use with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.16 and 1.33, respectively. A high adaptive potential was established in grass stands with the participation of red fescue, which were the most resistant to the conservation of sown species and the introduction of forbs. It is shown that grass stands with bentgrass showed the most adaptive reactions to mineral fertilization. The increase in their yield was 2.3-6.5 t/ha of green mass, which is 1.3-2.3 t/ha more than the increase in other grass stands. The advantage in terms of productivity, both in terms of the background of fertilizers and the natural background, was in grass stands with red fescue. Meadow bluegrass mixtures had the lowest collection of pasture fodder - 19.9-22.5 t/ha of green mass. The resulting feed with a content of 18.3-22.1 % of crude protein, 23.5-28.1 % of crude fiber and with a dry matter concentration of 9.91-10.9 MJ of metabolizable energy per 1 kg is of high quality. It has been established that for the sustainable development of grassland farming in a changing climate on drained lands, it is necessary to use legume-grass stands with the participation of rhizomatous grasses, which provide a high opportunity for a more complete use of habitat resources and resistance to agro-climatic stresses of the growing season, form productivity at level 3.94-5.02 t/ha of dry matter and 3.2-4.2 thousand fodder units in a natural place of growth and 4.7-6.1 t / ha of dry weight and 3.9-5.0 thousand fodder units on the background of fertilizers.

Study of the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Tver region using statistical analysis methods

Study of the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Tver region using statistical analysis methods

Special" taxation of the agricultural sector of the Tver region

Special" taxation of the agricultural sector of the Tver region

Diversity of helminth fauna in teleost fish within the Tver region

Diversity of helminth fauna in teleost fish within the Tver region

МЕТА-АНАЛИЗ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОГО РИНИТА СРЕДИ ДЕТЕЙ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В ПЯТИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ОБЛАСТЯХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

Abstract. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most urgent problems of allergology and immunology, since, despite the improvement in diagnostic and treatment approaches, the number of patients suffering from allergic diseases of the respiratory tract remains very significant. AR is a common allergic disease of the upper respiratory tract in children living in the Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Vologda and Vladimir regions, with a frequency of occurrence in 2021 from 1.472% to 2.684% (mean random effect 2.143 with CI: 1.599-2.763). There is an annual increase in patients with AR in each region, but at the same time, the heterogeneity of the samples allows us to state that in each specific region, the increase in AR occurs under the influence of various risk factors specific to a particular region, ignorance of which leads to an increase in the total number of patients with AR, the number children with late diagnoses, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their families, which has significant socio-economic consequences. At present, as far as we know, there have been no works devoted to a one-time analysis of statistical data on the assessment of the prevalence and incidence of AR in a multicenter study in Russia.

Granulometric composition of the finite moraine ridge soils of the Upper Volga postglacial region (East European plain, Tver region)

At the experimental field of VNIIMZ (Tver region, village Emmauss) laid a series of 8 soil sections. The first three sections of the southern slope are confined to the transit-accumulative, transit and eluvial-transit microlandscape with a complex of gleevate and gleev soils, which changes to an eluvial-accumulative flat-topped section and similar microlandscapes of the northern slope with slightly bent and gleevate sod-podzolic light loamy soils. In samples taken every 10 cm, the particle size distribution of soils was determined by laser diffraction and sieve (>0.25 mm) methods. The differential distribution curves of soil particles are dominated by fractions of fine sand with a maximum content of diameters of 100–150 µm and silt (1–50 µm). Three granulometrically homogeneous layers are distinguished in the soil profile: the upper one with an arable horizon (0–40 cm), medium (up to 70–80 cm) and super-moraine (up to 120 cm). In the middle part of the soil profile of the northern slope, silty fractions prevail; and in the soils of the southern part of the landscape, a relatively high content of the sandy fraction is observed (the fraction of fine sand, 50–250 µm, dominates, and followed by the coarse silt fraction, 10–50 µm), which, apparently associated with the historical processes of profiles development on binary deposits, erosion, and, possibly, with modern agrotechnological processes.

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTIVE MEDIUM ON FLAX MORPHOGENESIS IN IN VITRO CULTURE

The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding technologies of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center of Bast Crops" (Tver region) in 2016, 2018, 2021. The purpose of the research is to determine appropriate mineral composition of the selective medium for effective in vitro selection for resistance to anthracnose. Various mineral composition media were studied. It was found that it is possible to use nutrient media Gamborg, MS, SH-2, which do not contain vitamins, chelate complex and phytohormones, in order to obtain cultural filtrates of fungus strains - the causative agent of flax anthracnose. The culture filtrates obtained on the basis of these media were highly toxic and it was possible to use them for in vitro selection. It was noted that the callus formed on the basis of hypocotyl segments had a higher ability for morphogenesis compared to the callus formed on the basis of immature embryos. As for selective medium consisting of mineral salts of Gamborg medium and cultural filtrate, the proportion of formed morphogenic callus was the smallest in all genotypes taken in the study and amounted to 0.1–6.8%. Mineral composition of the selective medium and the morphogenetic potential of the genotype influenced the formation of morphogenic callus based on primary callus. Depending on the genotype, the proportion of morphogenic calli formed on Gamborg medium + CF was 0.1 - 2.2%, on MS medium + CF - 3.3 - 8.0%, on Sh-2 medium + CF - 3.4 – 8.1%, respectively. Mineral composition of the selective medium had no significant effect on formation of morphogenic cells based on transplanted callus. The proportion of morphogenic callus was 3.0–5.2% for Lenok variety; 3.0 - 5.4% - Rosinka; 0.1 - 4.3% - Zaryanka; 3.1 - 5.5% - for L 2053-5-11 line; 6.1 - 7.4% - L 957-8-7. The breeding lines L 2053-5-11 and L 957-8-7 had a high morphogenetic potential.