Reducing the manifestation of phytophtorosis and increasing potato yield when applying fertilizers

Abstract

The results of a study of the effectiveness of the joint application of potato mineral and organic fertilizers are presented. The studies were carried out in 2017–2018. on the drained lands of the Tver region. Objects of research - potatoes of the Scarb variety, mineral and organic fertilizers in various doses. Organic fertilizers are products of the processing of organic raw materials based on fermentation processes - multipurpose compost (KMN) and BiGuEM. Mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride. In the work we used experimental methods - field experiments and theoretical research methods - mathematical statistics. Evaluation of the optimal fertilizer doses showed that BiHuEM organic fertilizer at a dose of 3 t / ha, when used together with mineral fertilizers at a dose equivalent to 3 t BiGuEM, provided potato resistance to late blight compared to the version where KMN was used - almost 8% in 2017 and 12% - in 2018, and compared with the option without the use of fertilizers (control) - by 61% and 23%, respectively. This combination of fertilizers provided the maximum yield (both general and marketable) in comparison with the control by 45% when calculating both types of yield in 2017, and in 2018 by 38% of the total and 53% of the commodity yield. A greater increase in potato yield was also revealed in the variant with BiGueM in comparison with the variant of using KMN - by 4.5% and 5.7% in 2017 and in 2018 by 6.1% and 10%, respectively. An increase in the quality of potatoes was noted, which is confirmed by the low content of nitrates in them, as well as by the increased content of starch, which was especially noted in 2017 - 34.3 g / kg and 15.99%, respectively.