Tver Region Research Articles

Development potential of the Institution of the heads of village community in modern Russian municipalities (on the example of sociological research in Tver Region)

The subject of this article is the analysis of indicators that characterize development potential of the institution of the heads of village community (Starosta) in modern Russian municipalities. These indicators include the representations, opinions and attitudes of the residents of different types of municipalities regarding the institution of the headman. The conducted research allows determining the peculiarities of administrative and self-governing processes on the local level, as well as outline the development prospects for the Institution of the heads of village community in Russia. The object of this article is the residents of different types of municipalities in Tver Region. Using the method of structured interview the author provides the data of sociological monitoring carried out in Tver Region in the 2018-2019, as well as the results of sociological survey conducted in rural municipalities in accordance with a specifically developed toolset (2019). The article analyzes the attitude of the population of Tver Region towards implementation of post of headman (Starosta) in the rural areas; examines the awareness of rural residents on the institution of the heads of village community, their representations on the nature of social position of Starosta, legal status and social functions of the institution. The author’s special contribution consists in identification of characteristics that form social portraits of categories of citizens who gear towards the development of the institution of Starosta and participation in its functioning. The acquires results can be used by state and municipal branches aimed at engagement of population in the practices of self-governance.

Local self-government in Russian small towns: development models (on the example of the Tver Region)

The subject of the research of this article is the analysis of models of development of local self-government in small towns of modern Russia and the identification of the self-governing potential of their residents. The study of models of the territorial organization of local self-government and methods of formation of municipal government bodies allows us to identify trends in the evolution of the local self-government system, to determine their nature. The study of the ideas of residents of Russian small towns about the models of local self-government and the attitudes of citizens to participate in solving local problems allows us to identify the socio-cultural foundations of the processes unfolding in modern municipalities. The object of the study is residents of small towns in the Tver region. The methods of document analysis, statistical data analysis, and survey methods were used. The data of sociological monitoring carried out in the Tver region in 2018-2020 by the method of formalized interviewing are presented. В The models of the territorial organization of local self-government in small towns are investigated, the degree of prevalence of elective procedures for the formation of municipal bodies is studied. The ideas of the population of small towns about the nature of local self-government and its place in the management system of Russian society are analyzed, the attitude of citizens to various models of territorial organization of local self-government and ways of electing the head of the municipality is studied, the nature of the attitudes of citizens to participate in self-governing practices is revealed. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the prevalence of various models of local self-government in small towns, taking into account their spatial and geographical location, resource characteristics and the level of self-governing potential of the population. The information obtained can be used by state and municipal authorities in the process of forming municipal management systems and organizing work with the population to involve them in self-governing practices.

Результаты исследования воздействия излучателя ИСЧ-19 на свойства почвы при угнетении борщевика Сосновского

Sosnovsky hogweed is a dangerous weed that occupies large areas of agricultural land, negatively affecting their properties, as well as causing severe chemical burns. In the Tver region, thickets of hogweed are spread over a large area, and every year it spreads further and further. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing and testing the method of suppression of Sosnovsky hogweed, analyzing the results of laboratory tests of an innovative method for removing weed vegetation using the developed ultra-frequency emitter ISCh-19. (Materials and methods) Based on the analysis of the literature, authors found that there are five main methods of combating hogweed, but these methods are ineffective. The article describes an electromechanical method that includes irradiation of the weed, which contributes to its more effective destruction, and a device for controlling the roots and seeds of the plant. (Results and discussion) Authors assembled and installed a prototype of the ISCh-19 emitter in the educational and scientific laboratory of the Department of Technological and Transport Machines and Complexes of the Tver State Agricultural Academy on the soil channel. The roots that were at a depth of 0.2 meters under the radiation of 45 minutes, began to have a humidity of 1-3 percent, the tips of the roots closer to the surface were burned, converted into mineral fertilizer. (Conclusions) With an increase in the temperature of exposure to the soil, the viability of plant materials of Sosnovsky hogweed located in the soil decreases. The ISCh-19 is effective in the fight against Sosnovsky hogweed: the sown seeds were exposed to radiation, as a result of the experiment, the seeds did not germinate and the weed lost its viability. This device will help in the future to simplify the fight against Sosnovsky hogweed, allowing to stop its spread on agricultural soils.

Land management in the Tver region

Land management in the Tver region

Novgorod musical-epic tradition - the possibilities of reconstruction

The author is the first to raise the problem of reconstruction of the musical-epic traditions of Novgorod region. The research object is chant-declamation forms of folklore, typologically related to the bylina tradition. The research subject is their structural and stylistic peculiarities. For the first time, all facts of existence of musical epos, recorded in Novgorod region by various collectors, are gathered in one source - from the auditory notations of A.K. Lyadov (1890) to the latest evidence of existence of the musical-epic tradition (the recordings of Leningrad - St.Petersburg conservatory of the 1980s - 1990s). As the materials for comparison, the author uses the folklore images from Vologda, Arkhangelsk and Tver regions. Some musical texts are published for the first time. The author defines the genre composition of the musical-epic area of Novgorod folklore (buffoonery and takes, ballads, spiritual poems and memorial songs), describes the forms of composition of the main samples (one-line verses, long speeches and strophical). The research material gives reasons to assume that in Novgorod folklore traditions of the late 19th - the 20th centuries, the forms of recitation of music were widespread, typologically related to two North-Russian styles - the symbolic brief-chant and rhapsodical. The author concludes that the lake Ilmen basin and the adjacent territories was one of the places where these styles had been forming. On the one hand, the discovery of the typological relation of Novgorod and the North-Russian forms of musical narration helps define the structure and evaluate the style of single facts of Novgorod folklore. On the other hand, the parallels found are of key importance for the confirmation of Novgorod origins of the North-Russian bylina traditions.   

Spatial relationships of the local community (the case of the village Pronino, Vesiegonsky district, Tver region)

The article is devoted to topical issues of the study of population migration at the local level. On the example of a specific rural settlement — the village of Pronino, Vesyegonsky district — the spatial relations of the rural community are considered. The article gives a comprehensive description of the village of Pronino over the past 150 years. The influence of the geographical factor on the development of the settlement is estimated, specialization is analyzed, and trends in demographic development are considered. A relationship is established between the evolution of the functions of a settlement and the change in its population. Based on the data from field studies, the real ties of local residents with other settlements and regions are analyzed. Most of the inhabitants of Pronino are natives of the village and the surrounding settlements. A completely opposite picture is observed in the distribution of Pronino inhabitants’ children who move. Most of the children moved to St. Petersburg or Vesyegonsk. In recent years, migration trends have changed, and more and more children of local residents choose the regional capital — Tver. The geography of subscribers of the virtual community of the village of Pronino in the social network VKontakte largely reflects the real spatial relations Most of the community’s subscribers live in St. Petersburg; in second place, the district center, Vesyegonsk; in third place, Tver. A comparison of field research data and data from social networks allowed us to conclude that the virtual mobility of the rural population has spatial trends almost the same as real ones. Particular attention is paid to the seasonal migration of the population, using a survey of summer residents who identified their permanent residence and the main reasons for choosing Pronino. The survey data confirmed the hypothesis that the target users of the “distant summer cottages” are natives of these settlements.

Новые находки водорослей, грибов, лишайников и мохообразных. 7

First records of trebouxiophycean alga and fungi for the Leningrad Region, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens, saprobic and lichenicolous fungi for European Russia, the Nenets Autonomous Area, the Kostroma and Tver regions, the republics of Altai and Tuva, Altai and Primorye territories, bryophytes for the Orel and Ryazan regions, the arctic part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the North Koryakia are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution, and specimens are provided.

On the Semantic and Motivational Interpretation of Russian Dialectal Vocabulary with the Meaning of Disgust (посвирывать, кобзовать, скабежливый, etc.)

This article employs the semantic and motivational aspects to study three Russian dialect words, namely Pskov and Tver Regions посви́рывать ‘to be picky, to disdain’, Kaluga Region ко́бзовать ‘to disdain’, Don, Volgograd, Ryazan, and Tambov Regions скабе́жливый ‘squeamish’. The choice to refer specifically to these linguistic facts is determined by the fact that some of the lexical units presented have not been previously discussed in literature, while, in the author’s opinion, some have controversial etymological solutions. The author states that the word посви́рывать has the root -вир-. Here, the idea of turning is recognised as a motivationally significant one since it reflects popular observations of the behaviour of a person who rejects something. Thus, the axiological assessment of squeamish behavior is fixed in the word’s inner form. The author connects the word ко́бзовать with кобызиться ‘to act arrogantly; to be stubborn, to be obstinate’, where быз indicates ‘a whiny, capricious child’. An assumption is made that a number of lexical units, such as Vologda Region бзли́вый ‘spoiled, capricious’, Perm Region скобы́чка ‘a quarreler and a mean person’, etc. belong to the same family. The author builds potential lines of their semantic and motivational development. The family includes designations of character traits (arrogance, boastfulness, foppery, cockiness, quick temper, cunningness) and human behaviour (such ideograms as ‘to cry’, ‘to frown’, ‘to be angry’, ‘to take offense’). The author hypothesises that the lexical unit скабежливый also refers to the family of the -быз- root. This conclusion is made based on phonetic variation in the root (скабе́зливый, скабы́зливый, скобызко́й) and the similarity in the development of meaning for all the lexical units studied (also, they share the semantics of arrogance, sensitivity, and tearfulness).

Материалы для изучения традиционной культуры карел в собрании Музея антропологии и этнографии имени Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН: коллекции и собиратели

The Kunstkamera, founded by Peter the Great as a collection of various rarities in St. Petersburg in 1714, over the time acquired rich collections of ethnographic materials from different parts of the world and became the largest depository of artifacts of traditional cultures of the peoples of Russia. This article examines the history of some of the most important collections of ethnographic materials of the Karelians of the Olonets and Tver regions and of the Russians from the territory of the modern Republic of Karelia and Tver oblast. Most of these materials were gathered at the beginning of the 20th century by the professional photographers M. A. Krukovsky and A. A. Belikov, as well as by some littleknown local historians, such as D. T. Yanovich and M. V. Mikhailovskaya. One of the main objectives of this research was to collect biographical data about these people and to study their activities as collectors of the ethnographic materials preserved in the Kunstkamera collections. These collections contain materials pertaining to everyday life and folk art that reflect changes in the mainly rural folk culture of the Karelians and Russians. The collections can be used for studying these cultural changes and for reconstructing some issues of the past.

Meat productivity and quality of leather raw materials of aberdinangus breed at different keeping technologies in the conditions of the Tver region

Meat productivity and quality of leather raw materials of aberdinangus breed at different keeping technologies in the conditions of the Tver region

A spatial autocorrelation for modelling the spread of coronavirus infections

Spatial autocorrelation methods are used to study spatial disproportions in the socio-economic development of territories. The most common research methods are the analysis of Moran local indices, Moran global index, Getis-Ord hot spots. In this study, we used spatial autocorrelation methods to estimate COVID-19 distribution patterns. As a result of the study, we identified the formed growth poles, the epicenters of the spread of infection (St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk and Nizhny Novgorod regions) and only emerging ones. The practical application of this methodological approach allowed us to predict further spatial directions of the spread of coronavirus infection (Vladimir, Kaluga, Smolensk, Tula, Tver, Yaroslavl, Ryazan and Leningrad regions).

Vegetation recovery in open cast mines of Tver Region

In the study natural plant communities appearing at the first stages of vegetation recovery in open cuts are described. Sixty-three species of higher vascular plants were found, six of which are adventive (Bunias orientalis L., Cichorium intybus L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Melilotus albus Medik., Sedum spurium M.Bieb., Solidago canadensis L.). Species from the Asteraceae (15), Gramíneae (8), Fabáceae (7) families prevail. The predominant life form according to I. Serebryakov are long-rhizome. According to G. Zozulin’s classification, plants belonging to the meadow and birch formations are most common. The associations of Calamagrostis epigejos and Bromus inermis predominate. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Heracleum sibiricum L., Campanula glomerata L. are single.

Состояние тюремных учреждений и положение арестантов в Тверской губернии в конце XIX – начале XX века

Based on unpublished archival materials, the article analyzes the state of prisons and the situation of prisoners in the Tver province in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to such means of reforming those in custody as the involvement of prisoners in labor activities and religious and moral education. The subject of the research is the prison institutions of the Tver province and the persons kept in them. The work is based on archival documents stored in the funds of the State Archives of the Tver Region, which are for the first time introduced into scientific turnover. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the principles of historicism and scientific objectiveness, as universal methods of scientific knowledge. The article also uses special historical research methods: historical-typological, historical-comparative, problem-chronological, as well as the method of historical and legal analysis. As a result of the work carried out, the main types of external and internal work that the prisoners were engaged in, the amount of income received from prison work were considered. The role of the Prison Trustees Committee of the Tver Province and its district offices in the activities of the prison institutions of the province is described. The main problems typical for prisons of the Tver province in the late 19th – early 20th centuries are identified. It is concluded that in the period considered, the prison institutions of the Tver province were characterized by a number of problems, which were largely determined by insufficient funding. At the same time, some positive changes that took place in the course of reforming the system were obvious - in a number of prison institutions they managed to organize prison labor, libraries appeared, and general centralization of management took place. However, this was not enough to turn the prisons into correctional institutions. Key words: penitentiary system, Tver province, Tver Prison Trustees Committee of the Tver Province.

Study of morphometric parameters of the hyoid bone

Is to study the morphological and morphometric variations of the hyoid bone in the population of the Tver region. One hundred adult hyoid bone samples were taken from 63 males and 37 females. Morphological and morphometric variations of the hyoid bone were determined. Six types of hyoid bone were identified: U-shaped - 25 bones (25%); H-shaped - 3 bones (3%); B-shaped - 48 bones (48%); D-shaped - 14 bones (14%); V-shaped - 2 bones (2%); HK-shaped - 8 bones (8%). The width, length, and the largest transverse axis were 42.44; 36.49, and 35.6 mm, respectively. Morphological differences of the hyoid bones of the Tver region population compared to other populations were found. Anatomical variations and dimensions of the hyoid bone are important for practical forensic medicine.

Биология и экология уязвимых видов рукокрылых (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), обитающих на территории Тверской области

На основании анализа материалов исследований 2010-2020гг. приводятся общие сведения по морфологии, распространению, численности, биологии и экологии двух уязвимых видов ночниц, обитающих на территории Тверской области: прудовой ночницы (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825), ночницы Наттерера (Myotis nattereri Kuhl, 1817). Предлагается внесение указанных видов в список региональной Красной книги со статусами «редкий вид». Here we provide some general information on the distribution, abundance, biology, and ecology of two vulnerable species of the genus Myotis (Kaup, 1829), the pond bat (M. dasycneme Boie, 1825), and the Natterer’s bat (M. nattereri Kuhl, 1817). Information is based on the analysis of research materials collected over ten years (2010-2020) in the Tver Region. We propose to include these species to the regional Red Data Book under the status of "Rare species".

Оценка загрязнения проб воды из озер Пено и Соблаго Пеновского района Тверской области по физико-химическим и микробиологическим показателям

Проведено комплексное исследование образцов проб воды, взятых из оз. Пено и оз. Соблаго Пеновского района Тверской области: определены значения ХПК, БПК, эпидемиологические показатели, изучено содержание ряда химических элементов - загрязнителей водных экосистем. По результатам проведённого исследования сделан вывод об удовлетворительном состоянии изученных озерных экосистем Тверской области, что свидетельствует об их определённой адаптации к оказываемым антропогенным нагрузкам We studied the water samples taken from two lakes of Penovsky District in Tver Region. We assessed the values of COD and BOD, epidemiological indicators, the content of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Lakes Peno and Soblago are in a relatively good condition. This is partially due to the lakes’ ability to withstand the anthropogenic loads.

Речная минога Lampetra fluviatilis L. в Балтийском и Каспийском бассейнах Тверской области

Представлена дополненная информация о распространении и условиях обитания речной миноги (Lampetra fluviatilis L.) на территории Тверской области. Ареал на территории области представляет собой сочетание исторического (водотоки бассейна Балтийского моря) и инвазионного (водотоки бассейна Каспийского моря) компонентов. Обоснована идея вселения миноги в систему р. Волга по системам искусственных судоходных каналов. Состояние популяций в Каспийском бассейне указывает на продолжающийся процесс освоения новых местообитаний. Additional information on the distribution and habitat of the European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis L.) in the Tver Region is presented. The areal of the European river lamprey in the Region consists of the historical (watercourses of the Baltic Sea Basin) and invasive (watercourses of the Caspian Sea Basin) components. The idea of the lamprey invasion in the Volga River through the system of manmade shipping canals is substantiated. The condition of the lamprey’s populations in the Caspian Sea Basin indicates the ongoing process of the species expansion.

Перспективный метод учета животных: на примере Тверской области

В статье рассматривается перспективный метод учета животных, отрабатываемый на белом аисте в Тверской области. Метод подразумевает аудиовизуальный мониторинг гнезд с применением БПЛА с занесением данных в специально разработанное мобильное ГИС-приложением с последующей визуализацией данных на информационно-аналитической панели web-приложения Here we outline a promising method for counting of animals, practiced on a White Stork in the Tver Region. The method implies audiovisual monitoring of nests using UAVs with entering data into a specially developed mobile GIS application, and subsequent visualization of data on the analytical panel of the web application.

АМИНОКИСЛОТЫ И БЕЛКИ В КУЛЬТУРАЛЬНЫХ ФИЛЬТРАТАХ ГРИБА – ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ АНТРАКНОЗА COLLETOTRICHUM LINI

The research was carried out on the basis of laboratory biotechnologies of All-Russian research institute of flax (Tver region) in 2010–2012, 2016. The aim of the work was to determine the amino acid and protein composition of culture filtrates of the anthracnose pathogen fungus Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley in order to adjust the concentration of selective agent in the nutrient medium when creating in vitro new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose. It was established that the culture filtrates of strains 527 and 608 contain such amino acids as alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, as well as arginine in strain 527 and traces of tyrosine and lysine in strain 608. It was established that the concentration of amino acids in EC of strain 527 was significantly higher than in culture filtrate of strain 608. It was shown that the toxicity of the culture filtrate depended on the degree of aggressiveness of the anthracnose pathogen strain – culture filtrate of a strongly aggressive strain is more toxic than the culture filtrate of a weakly aggressive strain. Studies have revealed that when cultivating the fungus-causative agent of anthracnose on a nutrient medium, as the mycelium of fungus grew, the concentrations of asparagine, alanine, aspartic and glutamic acids, and glycine decreased in the culture filtrates. It was established that the change in amount of proteins happened during the entire period of cultivation of the mycelium of fungus on a liquid nutrient medium. It is shown that accumulation and content of proteins in culture filtrates of strains of different aggressiveness occurs in different ways. The more aggressive strain is (639), which is more toxic, contains and accumulates more proteins in the culture medium during the entire period of growth and development the less aggressive strain is (419).

Reducing the manifestation of phytophtorosis and increasing potato yield when applying fertilizers

The results of a study of the effectiveness of the joint application of potato mineral and organic fertilizers are presented. The studies were carried out in 2017–2018. on the drained lands of the Tver region. Objects of research - potatoes of the Scarb variety, mineral and organic fertilizers in various doses. Organic fertilizers are products of the processing of organic raw materials based on fermentation processes - multipurpose compost (KMN) and BiGuEM. Mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride. In the work we used experimental methods - field experiments and theoretical research methods - mathematical statistics. Evaluation of the optimal fertilizer doses showed that BiHuEM organic fertilizer at a dose of 3 t / ha, when used together with mineral fertilizers at a dose equivalent to 3 t BiGuEM, provided potato resistance to late blight compared to the version where KMN was used - almost 8% in 2017 and 12% - in 2018, and compared with the option without the use of fertilizers (control) - by 61% and 23%, respectively. This combination of fertilizers provided the maximum yield (both general and marketable) in comparison with the control by 45% when calculating both types of yield in 2017, and in 2018 by 38% of the total and 53% of the commodity yield. A greater increase in potato yield was also revealed in the variant with BiGueM in comparison with the variant of using KMN - by 4.5% and 5.7% in 2017 and in 2018 by 6.1% and 10%, respectively. An increase in the quality of potatoes was noted, which is confirmed by the low content of nitrates in them, as well as by the increased content of starch, which was especially noted in 2017 - 34.3 g / kg and 15.99%, respectively.