Translation Of Terms Research Articles

СПЕЦИФИКА ПЕРЕВОДА МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ТЕРМИНОВ В МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ

The translation of multi-component terms represents one of the most challenging tasks for translators, especially in such fields as metallurgy and steelmaking. In this article, the authors explore various approaches to translating complex terms, which often pose difficulties for translators. Methods such as using equivalent terms and context-based translation are considered. One of the key approaches described in the article is the application of translation transformations and techniques, such as modulation, specification, comprehensive substitution, calquing, and explication, which help improve understanding of complex terms and reduce the number of errors in translation.

A Study on C-E Translation of Chinese Characteristic Terms Based on the Skopos Theory —Taking the Report of the Twentieth Congress as an Example

A Study on C-E Translation of Chinese Characteristic Terms Based on the Skopos Theory —Taking the Report of the Twentieth Congress as an Example

Terminological aspects of translation in the IT sphere

The article deals with the peculiarities of translation of information technology terminology in modern English. The field of scientific interest of this study concerns the theory of translation. The article aims at providing essential information about an area of study of translation and wordformation of IT terms, introducing word-formative processes which can cause a rise of neologism and stating some examples of neologism which occur in the current English language. The objective of this article is to study the peculiarities of translation of IT terminology from English into Ukrainian, to identify key problems and methods of their solution. The ways of reproducing terms in translation are determined. The ways of translating IT terms from English into Ukrainian are analyzed. The theoretical aspects of terminology, in particular the concepts of «term» and «terminological system», were thoroughly studied. Their semantic and structural characteristics were analyzed, which allowed us to better understand the nature and functioning of terms in the language system. Various methods of forming computer vocabulary, such as abbreviation, contamination, reversion, conversion, and the formation of affixed neologisms, were also considered. Several methods of translating complex terms, identified as the most productive are studied. The most effective methods of translating complex terms are considered as: preserving the structure of the original, modifying the structure of the original, transcoding, which includes transcription or transliteration. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of a systematic approach to the translation of IT terminology, improving translation methods in view of current trends in the development of information technology.

Knowledge Mapping Analysis on Chinese Opera Term Translation Studies in China: Research Based on Cite Space

Knowledge Mapping Analysis on Chinese Opera Term Translation Studies in China: Research Based on Cite Space

Trauma, Haunting, and Representation: Rereading and the Translation Examination of Kokoro

The Japanese novel, Kokoro (1914), offers a profound insight into early 20th-century Japanese society encompassing history, politics, and literature. Although this novel has been extensively explored in literary and translation studies, the convergence remains underexplored. This study advocates integrating literary criticism with translation practice for a more faithful representation of narratives. Applying trauma/PTSD studies theory, it meticulously analyzes Kokoro, particularly examining the English and Chinese renditions of the pivotal term “談判 (danpan; negotiation)”. The methodology involves constructing a trilingual database, incorporating the Japanese source text and seven translations in English and Chinese. By scrutinizing specific passages, the study delves into trauma-related responses and behaviors, revealing their impact on long-lasting changes in personality and relationships. Emphasis is placed on the translation of key terms, preserving cultural and linguistic nuances. This innovative approach advances both literary criticism and translation theory, emphasizing psychological elements for a nuanced portrayal of characters’ states of mind. The study underscores the significance of trauma narratives in comprehending personal and historical traumas, asserting that translators of trauma literature must blend theoretical knowledge with social responsibility. They serve as “secondary witnesses,” entrusted with accurately transmitting traumatic stories between languages, fostering empathy, and preventing the repetition of tragedies in history. This approach provides an innovative interpretation of Kokoro and its translations, bridging the realms of literary criticism and translation studies.

Uncovering the two conceptions of the linguistic sign in Saussure’s lectures: An epistemological inquiry with comments on translational equivalence

The principal object of this study is constituted by two epistemologically distinct models of Ferdinand de Saussure’s depictions of the linguistic sign. The first model pertains to a bilateral conception of the sign as an inseparable unity of two sides that evoke each other in the mind of individuals during their speaking and understanding activities. The second model, termed here as ‘unilateral conception’, has been deduced from Saussure’s understanding of parole, where an idea establishes itself in a sound and a sound becomes the sign for an idea. A survey of related terminological distinctions derived from logic and philosophy as well as linguistic semiotics seems indispensable for presenting the positions of these bilateral and unilateral sign concepts in a typological matrix which could embrace all sign models originating in the sciences of language. The additional purpose of this study is to put forward the idea of epistemological equivalence to be achieved in translational practice. This supplementary focus of interest in particular concentrates around the question of how the translations of sign-related terms, selected from Cours de linguistique générale, reflect the epistemological awareness of their English-speaking translators.

Research on the Translations of Mathematical Terms in the Chinese Translation of the Ji He Yuan Ben in Ming and Qing Dynasty

Research on the Translations of Mathematical Terms in the Chinese Translation of the Ji He Yuan Ben in Ming and Qing Dynasty

Translation of Educational Terms

In recent years, new teaching methods and technologies have been introduced in the field of higher education, and the scope of research has been expanding. Due to this, new terms from foreign languages are used in the field of teaching and research. There is a need for university researchers to study new terms and learn to use them accurately. The first part of this research includes the features, structure, and requirements for terms. In the research part, we studied the origin, meaning and use of some terms that were introduced in the field of higher education from foreign languages. Боловсролын нэр томьёоны орчуулга Хураангуй: Сүүлийн жилүүдэд дээд боловсролын салбарт сургалтын шинэ арга зүй, технологи нэвтэрч, судалгааны ажлын цар хүрээ улам тэлж байна. Үүний нөлөөгөөр тус салбарт гадаад хэлнээс орж ирсэн шинэ нэр томьёог сургалт, судалгаандаа хэрэглэж байна. Их, дээд сургуулийн эрдэмтэн, судлаачдад шинэ нэр томьёог судалж, зөв оновчтой хэрэглэж сурах хэрэгцээ шаардлага тулгарч байна. Энэ өгүүллийн эхний хэсэгт нэр томьёоны онцлог шинж, бүтэц, нэр томьёонд тавигдах шаардлага зэргийг авч үзэв. Судалгааны хэсэгт дээд боловсролын салбарт гадаад хэлнээс орж ирсэн зарим нэр томьёоны гарал үүсэл, утга, хэрэглээг судалсан болно. Түлхүүр үг: Гадаад үгс, нийлэмж үг, үгийн гарал, утга, хэрэглээ

Texnik matnlardagi terminlarni tarjima qilishning etakchiligi va o'zgaruvchanligi

This article describes some of the problems encountered in the translation of scientific and technical terms that are currently relevant and their causes. In fact, not only students, but also specialists face a number of difficulties when translating scientific and technical texts, because it is important to learn the terms of that particular field along with a set of general words in the translation. And it also gives some information about the adequacy in the field of translation and ways of using it in the technical texts. Different views and theories of the equivalence and adequacy concepts are revealed. The problem of technical translation is of great importance nowadays, therefore common difficulties that a translator faces are identified in the article. Moreover, recommendations on technical translation are given.

Translation of Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine into Russian: Cultural Communication and Translation Features

The article discusses the peculiarities of the terminology of traditional Chinese medicine and the problems that arise during its translation into Russian. The author shows that the most common model for creating terms in this field is represented by two-word and four-word phrases. It is noted that their translation cannot be limited to traditional methods. It is asserted that the conceptual meaning of terms in traditional Chinese medicine has historical, philosophical, and humanistic foundations. It is emphasized that the translation of terms in traditional Chinese medicine should include issues of cultural communication. Examples of successful and unsuccessful translations of terms into Russian demonstrate that the rich cultural subtext contained in them determines the difficulty of their perception. The reasons for incorrect translations of terms in traditional Chinese medicine are indicated, among which their non-equivalence, historical-cultural context, differences in content when there are differences in expression, etc. It is concluded that an important issue in translating terms in traditional Chinese medicine is the need to formulate unified rules for translating texts in this field into a foreign language.

Should Green Always Get the Green Light? Translation of Figurative Technical Terms in View of Conceptual Integration Theory

The paper is a case study analysing the process of secondary term formation by looking into the introduction of figurative terms in the field of economics from English, as the current lingua franca in the field, into Croatian. Although the primary focus is on the terminological gap-filling function of figurative terms, the paper also explores what happens in translation when a term conveys more functions (e.g., ideology constitutive function). Our approach is usage-based in that our conclusions are founded on the observations of how the analysed figurative terms behave in real communication (official documents, research papers, magazines, newspapers, blogs, etc.). The paper also argues for the applicability of the Conceptual Integration Theory as a framework able to account for the meaning construal in the process of translation and for translators’ choices. The translational process is thus seen as discourse-pragmatic phenomenon involving the transfer of cognitive categories, crucially determined by both intercultural and interlingual factors.

Translation methods applied to translate Polish types and names of administrative law authority bodies into English – a case study.

The paper aims to discuss Polish terms that name authority bodies under the administrative law and their English equivalents. The Polish terms under analysis appear in the first Division of the Polish Code of Administrative Procedure of 14 June 1960 and the English equivalents of each Polish term researched have been suggested in the Polish Code of Administrative Procedure translation into English. The research problem is to determine the translation methods applied and to verify whether translation methods used in the Polish-English translation of the above terms which have been determined as culture-specific items appear among translation methods applied when translating culture-specific elements suggested by Hejwowski (2007). Furthermore, to verify whether the mentioned translation methods appear among the translation methods discussed by Weston (1993) which are recommended to be applied while translating legal terms. The theoretical part of the paper includes a presentation of the definitions of a legal term, culture-specific item and the classification of translation methods by Hejwowski and Weston. The research stages include the comparison of definitions of source elements and definitions of their equivalents, as long as they appear in monolingual English law dictionaries.

Differential Analysis of Stylistic Features in Chinese-English Interpretation Based on Natural Language Processing

Abstract In this paper, after researching the natural language processing model, we use the knowledge representation technology to construct a knowledge base and use the sequence comparison algorithm to compare the sequences of Chinese and English translations, analyze the similarities and differences between the two sequences, and analyze the entropy of information between English and Chinese translations through the probabilistic theory and mathematical statistics method. On this basis, we analyze the differences between Chinese and English translations in terms of lexical dimension, syntactic dimension and articulation dimension and explore the differences in lexical richness and thematic concentration between Chinese and English based on “entropy”. The results show that Chinese is significantly higher than English translations in terms of language output length, sentence complexity, subordinate structure and phrase structure (p<0.001), and Chinese is significantly higher than English translations in terms of articulation (p<0.05). This paper provides an important reference value for studying the differences in stylistic features in Chinese-English translation.

Legal Nature of Smart Contracts: Contract or Program Code?

Objective: due to the rapid technological changes, digital economy and contractual relations determine law transformation and legislation development towards adaptation to prospective spreading and application of smart contracts in civil and commercial turnover. In this regard, the study focuses on determining the legal essence of smart contracts as a fundamental step towards the development of their timely and clear regulation.Methods: the research is based on the methodology of formal-legal and comparative legal analysis. It compares the current Bulgarian legislation with supranational legal sources and identifies the characteristic features of smart contracts as demanded instruments necessary for modern law and economy. The article also compares them with the classical understanding of contracts, making it possible to understand and define the nature of smart contracts more accurately.Results: it was determined that a smart contract is a software code in which the parties predetermine conditions under which the contractual relationship between them is created, modified and terminated. The research proved that the contract execution does not depend on the action or inaction of its parties, but rather on the occurrence of a predetermined condition (a certain fact relevant to the parties) under which the contract must self-execute. It was substantiated that the will of the parties cannot be changed or replaced because of the special way in which the smart contract is recorded in a distributed ledger. It is found that the fundamental problem of transferring the will from the legal language to the program code of the smart contract persists: if the will of the parties is incorrectly transferred to the program code, the smart contract may self-execute, but its execution will not be the result that the parties counted on.Scientific novelty: the analysis made it possible to compare the current national (Bulgarian) legislation and supranational (European) law. It revealed the vagueness of smart contracts regulation, both at the national and international level, and identified a number of issues in need of scientific and legal interpretation, which refer to the legal nature of smart contracts in view of the self-executing program code concept.Practical significance: the study can serve as a basis for further development of legislation towards its adaptation to the prospects of smart contracts spreading and application in civil and commercial turnover. It also allows an in-depth analysis of the smart contracts practice referring to such unsolved problems as accurate transference of the parties' will to the program code (translation of specific terms from the legal language into the smart contract program code), electronic identification of subjects - parties to the transaction and many other issues.

Current Problems in the Unification of Chinese Linguistic Terms, the Translation of Industry Terms into Other Languages, and the Issue of their Regulation

Objectives: The primary objectives of this study revolve around understanding the intricacies of Chinese linguistics and its historical development over three thousand years. The focus is on delineating the unique system of field terms within Chinese linguistics, distinct from other global languages. The objectives include examining how this system reflects classical Chinese linguistic traditions, incorporates Western linguistic perspectives, and balances both influences. Additionally, the study aims to identify and address negative aspects within the Chinese linguistic term system, such as variability, doublet, and synonymy.
 
 Methods: To achieve the stated objectives, the study employs a comprehensive approach. It involves analyzing historical sources to trace the evolution of Chinese linguistics and its system of field terms. The methods also include an examination of contemporary challenges within the terminological lexicon, considering factors like variability and synonymy. Furthermore, the research delves into the translation issues associated with Chinese linguistic terms, particularly focusing on the work of Uzbek Chinese scholars. The methods encompass a thorough analysis of existing problems in translation and propose potential solutions.
 
 Results: The findings of the study reveal significant factors and reasons necessitating the unification of linguistic terms in Chinese language grammars. The results highlight the impact of historical traditions, Western influences, and contemporary challenges on the terminological lexicon. Additionally, the study sheds light on the state of translation of industry terms into Uzbek language, identifying problems and shortcomings in the process. The results contribute to a better understanding of the current landscape of Chinese linguistic terms and the challenges associated with their translation.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the study underscores the relevance of addressing issues within the Chinese linguistic term system, particularly in the context of modern challenges such as the recent pandemic and the surge in online education. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of unifying field terms in Chinese language grammars and proposes actionable suggestions for overcoming the identified problems. Furthermore, the study concludes that the scientific exploration of this issue is crucial for contemporary Chinese studies, especially in the realms of linguistics and language education.

Boas-type results for Mellin transform

In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a continuous on R + function f to belong the symmetric generalized Lipschitz classes defined by the Mellin translation in terms of growth or decay of some integrals connected with the Mellin transform. The results are counterparts of ones for classical Lipschitz classes and the classical (complex) Fourier transform obtained earlier by the author.

ON SOME ASPECTS OF GRAPHIC NOVELS OR «VISUAL NARRATIVES». FROM TEXT TRANSLATION TO INTERSEMIOTIC TRANSMUTATION

Background. Graphic novels as well as graphic novel translation process is reaching more interest of scientists from both proper linguistic and multidisciplinary point of view. Graphic novels provide the possibility to work with the abundant investigation corpus and also it provokes great interest for investigating its translation characteristics. It should be mentioned that the term translation here is used from a semiotic and intersemiotic perspectives as well as its cognitive and multimodal implementation.
 The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the methods for the translator to apply to be able to translate, to offer its proper transcreation.
 Methods. Procedures of the research are qualitative methods that involve observation over the corpus the investigation which is corpus of English versions of historical graphic novels, among which Persepolis by M. Satrapi, and its translations, selection of the examples of illustrative material, analysis of translation transformations used, application of the methods of intersemiotic and multimodal theories as well as some tools of cognitive linguistic theory thesis.
 Results. The present article deals with some aspects of graphic novels, its translation process and the result, from both proper linguistic and multidisciplinary point of view. The corpus of the investigation is the graphic novel Persepolis written by M. Satrapi, graphic novel English version and its published translations. It is described why graphic novels are analysed from point of view of semiotics, while its translation is considered to be realised in the intersemiotic framework.
 The term translation is used from a semiotic and intersemiotic perspectives as well as its cognitive and multimodal implementation is suggested in the article. It is disputed about the difference between terms translation and transcreation. Some special characteristics of inner and outer form of graphic novels have been given. It is further discussed the methods for the translator to apply to be able to translate, to offer its proper transcreation. It also challenges the scientific though to clarify the term translation in the case of translating graphic novel, and it asks many questions about the multimodal aspects of the trilogy – the author, the translator, the reader. Modulation is proved to be considered the main and universal method of translation. Illustrative examples are given.
 Discussion. One universal way of translating graphic novels is modulation, the translation shift, allowing to change the form with the sense unchanged. All the modalities should be taken into account while realizing translation of the one. From cognitive point of view graphic novel is the embodiment of cognitive metaphor and concepts blended inside one and the same narrative. As a perspective of the study it is suggested to further analyse the constraints of trilogy – the novel, its transmutation, the reader and the place with the role of every participant of a graphic novel creation defined and described.

Translation of medical terms into Chinese

The subject of this study is the peculiarities of translating medical terms into Chinese. The purpose of the study is to analyze strategies for translating medical terms into Chinese, as well as to identify the most effective and frequent methods of translation of medical terms. The research material is medical terms (60 hieroglyphic names of medicines and medical equipment) and their translation into Chinese. The article analyzes the four most commonly used ways of translating medical terms: phonetic, semantic, graphic and mixed. The analysis also focuses on alphabetic words of the Chinese language: full alphabetic words and partial alphabetic hieroglyphic words. The features of translating medical terms of Latin origin into Chinese and medical terms borrowed from English are compared. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: descriptive method, method of analysis of theoretical literature, as well as methods of systematization of material and classification. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that with the advent of new medicines and medical equipment, the question of translating new concepts into other languages, in particular into Chinese, has become acute. The article provides examples illustrating typical ways of translating medical terms into Chinese. The authors conclude that when translating borrowings from Latin into Chinese, preference is given to the phonetic method, while when translating English medical terms, phonetic-semantic, semantic and graphical methods are mainly used. The semantic method allows you to convey the meaning of borrowed words most fully, as well as create a pragmatic effect. The frequency of using the graphical translation method is significantly lower, since English and Chinese have different types of writing, which also introduces limitations for the transmission and interpretation of information.

Academics in the semi-periphery: Translation and linguistic strategies on the rocky road to publishing in English

Publishing in English is now essential for securing tenure and promotion in the social sciences and humanities in Spain, as academic performance is largely evaluated by number of publications in journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) or Scimago Journal Rank (SJR). This relatively new situation has forced academics with varying levels of English to dedicate significant time, effort, and money to obtaining publishable texts. This article investigates academic translation in terms of widespread and invisible translation and editing practices into English, providing a different perspective from previous studies of the transnational circulation of knowledge. Based on semi-structured interviews with scholars from sociology and translation studies, it reflects on their strategies, choices, and preferences for how their texts should be translated or edited, as well as the relationships and routines they develop with their trusted language professionals. All the interviewees expressed a preference for assimilatory strategies or, in other words, the assimilation of their texts into standard or ‘native’ academic English, which should be seen as a means to covet the prestige unfairly reserved for Anglophone scholars. One of the key contributions of this article is to move beyond the popular notion of epistemicide, exploring through empirical detail the linguistic, methodological, and structural issues that these semi-peripheral academics highlight in relation to publishing in the lingua franca for global academia.

A Study of the Russian Translation and Outreach Paths of the Maritime Cultural Terms in Zhufanzhi under the Perspective of Corpus Translation

Chinese civilization is rich in maritime consciousness and has a long maritime tradition. As a book containing maritime culture, the study of Russian translations of maritime cultural terms in the Zhufanzhi helps to disseminate maritime culture to the outside world and to show the uniqueness of China’s maritime culture. This paper uses a corpus approach to classify and analyse in detail the translation methods used for the maritime cultural terms in the book. It is found that the translators mostly used direct translation, phonetic translation and annotation method for the Russian translation of marine culture terms in Zhufanzhi. By analysing the translation results and combining the background of the times and communication theories, four reasonable and feasible translation paths for foreign propaganda are proposed.