Training Of Young Football Players Research Articles

СУЧАСНІ ТРЕНАЖЕРИ ДЛЯ НАВЧАННЯ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ПРИЙОМІВ ЮНИХ ФУТБОЛІСТІВ

The purpose of our research was to analyze the available approaches to the technical training of young football players and modern simulators used in the leading countries of the world (using the example of Brazil). Materials and methods. We performed an analysis of scientific literature in the field of sports and football, in which simulators for teaching technical techniques in football are defined. Also, the Internet network was analyzed. Results. The scientific literature presents a wide range of training devices that are used to improve the technical training of young football players. We have analyzed the devices used in one of the best football schools in Brazil ("Buritis School of Basic Football Foundations") for the practical implementation of the technical training of football players. In particular, simulators: for learning to hit the ball "on the fly"; for learning to hit "through yourself"; for teaching a blow "in the middle of the forehead"; "Rebounder"; "Ramp"; "Footsnooker" and training in technical techniques in the conditions of overcoming external resistance. These devices create easier conditions for performing difficult coordination techniques in football and speed up the learning process of a particular action. Also, simulators that are used to teach technical techniques to young football players provide an opportunity to work on improving the performance of both one and several actions in a complex. Conclusion. The peculiarities of the implementation of technical training of young football players in Brazil in practice are determined and modern simulators used to improve the technical training of players are described. Also, the prerequisites for the use of the analyzed simulators, which are used for the technical training of young football players abroad, are determined in practice in the training of players in Ukraine. In turn, in the future, this can lead to an improvement in the technical preparation of young football players who practice in the territory of Ukraine.

Programming of technical and tactical training of young football players 14-15 years old in the annual cycle of training

It was found that at any of the stages of long-term football training, there is the preparation of football players for competitive activities, where technical and tactical actions have a significant weighting factor, the mastery of which, a priori, is impossible without planning technical-tactical classes in the training process of young football players. The purpose of the work is to program the technical and tactical training of young football players aged 14-15 in the annual cycle of training. The methodological basis of the research was: theoretical analysis and generalization of the experience of sports practice in matters of technique and tactics, technical and tactical training of young football players; pedagogical methods, the method of surveying football coaches; programmatic approach. The scientific novelty of the study is the creation of an approximate program of technical and tactical training of young football players aged 14-15 in the annual training cycle. With the help of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, the questionnaire method, the importance of technical and tactical training in the process of development and formation of sportsmanship of young football players for the coaching workshop was determined. Using the advice of V.V. Nikolayenko and M.I. Vorobyov (2023) regarding the quality and effectiveness of the training process aimed at the individual development and education of a creative player, conducting educational and training sessions in the form of games against a heightened emotional background, implementing a phased (gradual) system of technical and tactical training of young football players, developed an indicative program of technical - tactical training for young football players 14-15 years old in the annual cycle of training. Taking into account the recommendations of the Technical Department of the Football Association of Ukraine not to divide the annual cycle of training into periods for young football players up to 15 years of age, a rotation of weekly classes, which had a cyclical nature during the month, was proposed. The program is valid for the "school" period from September to June inclusive.

Comparative Characteristics of Approaches to Footballers' Training at the Stage of Preliminary Basic Training in Football

Organisations in Lviv. Modern football is developing in various directions. Taking into account the extensive system of football competitions for adults in Ukraine (premier league, first league, second league, amateur championship, regional championships and championships of districts or cities), an important role is played by the compliance of training programs with the age characteristics of athletes and the effectiveness of organizations. who train young football players in Ukraine. Today, among them are specialized organizations for the training of football players in the city of Lviv, namely: "Rukh", "Lviv" and "Karpaty". Purpose: to establish the common and distinctive features of training programs for football players at the stage of preliminary basic training in Lviv football organizations (for example, "Rukh", "Lviv", "Karpaty"). Material and methods. In the process of research, the main information material for filling the publication was the data of training programs for football players in football organizations of Lviv: "Rukh", "Lviv" and "Karpaty". Also, the materials of Ukrainian and foreign professional scientific publications related to the training of young football players were taken into account. Results. One of the main factors in the education of football players is the effectiveness of organizations that implement this process in practice and, accordingly, the effectiveness of the training programs that athletes follow. The main goal of the long–term training of young football players abroad is to educate strong football players, endowed with skills and abilities that allow them to effectively play the game in conditions of shortage of time and space and physical contact with the opponent. In all programs of football organizations of Lviv, which are engaged in the training of young football players ("Rukh", "Lviv" and "Karpaty"), the same emphasis in the educational and training process is followed today. In particular, during the training of young football players in Lviv, special attention is paid to work on improving tactical preparation, individual skills, the ability to act in "1x1" situations, tactical thinking, mental preparation, etc. This is due to the fact that the programs used to train players in the mentioned Lviv organizations are based on the basic training programs for football players of the best academies in the world. Also, training programs for young Ukrainian football players contain data from fundamental domestic scientific works.

Development of officials of spatial orientation in training young football players

Despite the introduction of the latest methods of training in football, the direction - tactical thinking remains in the sphere of constant attention and innovation. The choice of tactical solutions, keeping in mind the elements of a tactical task, timely focusing on actions and changes on the field today are the decisive factors for victory in football. Game activity in conditions of a sharp time limit encourages the player to use the skills of so- called panoramic orientation. Spatial orientation exercises are combined with both life-kinetics exercises and spatial thinking exercises, creating a possible space for improving the player's tactical actions on the field. Testing of spatial orientation and speed reaction to some extent determines the direction of training of young football players. In combination with the elements of working memory, the football player has the opportunity to maintain the speed of team actions. We observed significant differences in the effects of training in the interaction of life-kinetics and exercises on spatial thinking. In the combination of psychological and physical stress, we determined the improvement of both physical and certain cognitive abilities of football players. The ability to optimize the cognitive functions of the brain - that is, the ability to understand, learn, study, perceive, perceive and process external information. The positive side of life-kinetics is that, while setting certain complex tasks, it does not physically overload the players and they do not get tired. Spatial thinking is a component in optimizing the training of tactics in player training.

Selection and playing orientation of footballers in the Netherlands

The national football program of the Netherlands is called the "royal methodology" of specialized training and sports training of young football players, which was introduced in Holland in the early 70s of the 20th century. The program was tested in detail and adopted for comprehensive application in the mid-80s of the same twentieth century. The basic principles of this technique with certain modern modifications exist in the Netherlands to date in almost all the best club football academies in the country.
 The Dutch system of specialized game training and sports training of young football players today is one of the most effective in the world. Every year, Dutch football academies educate and give a "ticket" to professional sports to dozens of gifted players for Eredivisie clubs (the highest division of Dutch football), teams from the leading European club championships and the national football team of the country.
 Training in the technique of the game and technical and tactical actions takes place mainly through the use at the initial stages of simple game techniques and educational games on small grounds. In such playgrounds, players will be able to experience a competitive environment similar to that they may encounter in real game situations during official or test games. The ideas of Rinus Michels and Johan Cruyff today are the basis of most Dutch youth club football programs, where the main emphasis in learning the game is on elements of ball control and game technical and tactical skills. The priority in these programs remains the development of game intelligence and technical and tactical learning.

Humanitarian education – a component of football players’ preparation process in the groups of the initial training level

The material of the article is devoted to justifying the expediency of creating and determining the content of a specialized educational platform for young football athletes, which highlights humanitarian issues related to football.
 Football is one of the most popular and spread sports in the world. Numerous publications by scientists are devoted to the issues of sports training of young football players and their coaches, the history and problems of football development, while the problem of humanitarian education and humanistic upbringing of young athletes remains outside the attention of experts.
 Young athletes involved in football note the convenience of obtaining new knowledge through electronic educational resources (60% of the total number of respondents) and the feasibility of developing and implementing a specialized educational platform that will highlight humanitarian issues related to football (53% of the total number of respondents).
 Among the main questions of the humanitarian cycle, which are of interest to young football athletes and should be presented on online educational platforms, the research made it possible to include the following: the history of football, the ratio of the strength of football teams at the Olympic Games, the life path of world football stars, the peculiarities of the organization and holding tournaments of national teams, club tournaments; a list of FIFA and UEFA awards and titles, their history and awarding features; activities of the Union of European Football Associations, peculiarities of the functioning of continental football confederations; the history of buildings and equipment for playing football, the history of football in Ukraine, works of art that reflect football in its various manifestations.

THE MODEL OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN THE ALL-YEAR-ROUND TRAINING PROCESS

The complex process comprehensive training of young football players, though being a very important sphere, has not been sufficiently studied yet. It is proved that there is improvement in motor abilities and technical actions in teens, therefore pedagogical intervention in this process becomes urgent. The aim of the research is to study the level of physical fitness of young football players and to develop a special model for its improvement, at the same time to review the effectiveness of technical and tactical actions in competitive games. Review and analysis of literary sources, pedagogical observation, conducting of a pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical analysis of the results were used. The dynamics of the results of the pedagogical scientific experiment is due to a number of factors - the programming of training process offered by us, the correct choice of appropriate means, and the correct use of their doses, with age features and patterns of development of the body.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TEAM INTERACTION OF YOUNG ATHLETES (FOR THE EXAMPLE OF FOOTBALL AND HOCKEY)

The article highlights the problem of psychological preparation of future physical education teachers for the organization of team interaction of young athletes (using the example of football and hockey). The impact of sports activities on a person, the formation of an individual style of sports activities is revealed. The main criteria for the effectiveness of competitive activity in sports games and mental properties are disclosed: intellectual, which ensure reception and processing of information, decision-making; which determine the quality of the subjectʼs motor actions and operations; communicative, created for interaction with other people; emotional, affecting energy and expressive characteristics of activity; strong-willed, ensuring overcoming obstacles; moral, which determine the motivation of the activity and compliance of the goal, means, results, with certain moral standards. The psychological features of sports activities in football are revealed. The need to take into account the main components of tactical and technical, special and general physical training of young football players for competitions, their age, gender, individual and typological features of the psyche and higher nervousactivity has been proved. The psychological features of sports activity in hockey are considered. It has been established that they are determined by the features of hockey playersʼ playing activities and are regulated by certain rules of the game. The specifics of sports activity in hockey are revealed (significant and intense, impulsive motor activity in a rather limited space and not on a natural support (ice, skates); tough power struggle with opponents, many game variations, as well as team actions. The requirements for the mental characteristics of young people are highlighted hockey athletes and psychological preparation of future physical education teachers for this process. It has been proved that football and hockey is a collective game, the functioning of a small group. Varieties of a small group, stages of its formation are revealed: conglomerate group, nominal group, cooperative group, autonomygroup, collective.
 Keywords: psychological training; future teachers; physical culture; organization; team; interaction; young athletes; football; hockey.

The work of a coach to improve the psychological and pedagogical competence of parents in the aspect of psychological training of young football players

The contradictory influence of parents on the motivation and athletic achievements of young athletes requires the justification of new approaches in working with them. The purpose of the work was to develop and test a program to improve the psychological and pedagogical competence of young football players’ parents and evaluate its effectiveness in terms of psychological training of young football players. The experiment involved young football players at the age of 10 to 11 years, and 34 parents of young athletes. All participants were divided into a control and an experimental group. The study revealed that the work carried out by the coach to educate parents contributes to improving the psychological and pedagogical competence of parents, which was reflected in higher results in assessing their knowledge. It was revealed that in the experimental group, young football players have higher confidence indicators regarding their readiness for competitive activity, they also have higher ratings regarding the positive perception of their capabilities by the coach and parents, that is consistent with lower indicators of personal and competitive anxiety. The data obtained indicates the possibility of improving the psychological training of young football players through improving the competence of their parents.

MODERN IDEAS ABOUT THE TACTICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

Introduction. There is a pronounced contradiction between scientific and methodological data and modern approaches in training young of football players. This aspect actualizes the need for research to find modern rational approaches to the construction of its various aspects, including tactical. The aim of the study is to identify accents in the tactical training of football players in the early stages of long-term sports improvement. Material and methods. A survey (questionnaire) of football coaches working in public and private football schools in Lviv was conducted. The survey involved 50 coaches who have different ages, coaching experience, qualifications and work with different age groups of players. Methods: analysis and synthesis, survey method (questionnaire). Results. Differences in the respondents' opinions on the importance of tactical training in the early stages of long-term sports improvement in football were revealed. At the same time, most tend to consider it an important component of the training process from the stage of preliminary basic training. It was found that the use of various interactive tasks, tools, methods and forms is a priority in the tactical training of young football players. It is also important to control comprehensively the level of tactical preparedness at the stage of preliminary basic training, which is carried out in a relatively simplified environment. Conclusions. In order to effectively influence the tactical readiness of football players from an early age and prevent the acceleration of training, appropriate emphasis was identified in the implementation of this process: the optimal age to start purposeful work on tactical training of football players (11-12 years); the need to monitor the level of tactical training and the age at which to begin its implementation in the early stages of long-term sports development; components of tactical training that need to be developed in the early stages of long-term sports development of young players (tactical knowledge, thinking, skills, abilities); effective forms of tactical training and control of the level of tactical training in the e arly stages of long-term sports improvement; list of effective methods and means of tactical training of young football players; the necessity to use interactive tasks in working with young players during the implementation of tactical training, etc.

Peculiarities of the training process of students-football players during sports improvement

The article analyzes the features of the training process of football students during sports improvement. The content of training of young football players in the preparatory period, which includes more effective training methods, based on the results of testing the level of physical and technical and tactical fitness.
 It is determined that the management of the training process of football players is a complex process, because the object of management - a person with its many physiological, morphological and psychological-pedagogical features and their unique manifestations. Therefore, effective management of football players' training is the ability to properly plan and regularly monitor it on the basis of systematic information. Among such non-traditional means, in our opinion, there are exercises of adaptive-strengthening character which allow to strengthen the musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities, thereby expanding opportunities of increase of special physical training of football players and decrease in sports injuries. Of course, they should be used in combination with traditional physical and technical-tactical exercises and used as additional factors that contribute to the expansion of the functional boundaries of the musculoskeletal system. Improving the management of the training process based on the generalization and analysis of the structure of competitive activities of football players and the general laws of sportsmanship is one of the promising research areas in the field of methods of sports training in football.
 In particular, they point to the need to plan training loads, which can lead to improved aspects of football training.

The use of kinesioplasty methods to optimize the motor activity of young players

The article presents a theoretical analysis and summarizes approaches to the use of kinesioplasty in the training of young football players to optimize motor activity and functional reserves of individual movements.
 The analysis of the literature showed that the anatomical-physiological and psychological features of the development of the body of young football players are most favorable for the development of most physical qualities of man.
 Based on the generalization of educational and methodological and scientific literature, it was found that the mechanisms of interaction of posture and arbitrary precise movements are closely interrelated and depend on the state of postural balance and the general center of gravity of the athlete's biomechanics.
 The expediency of expanding the range of means of the training process of young football players aimed at optimizing their motor activity has been studied.
 In the sports and training process of young football players found that it is extremely important to develop both cortical mechanisms of motor coordination and the manifestation of various forms of motor coordination in the distal parts of the body, and through muscular activity - changes in spatial, force, temporal characteristics of voluntary movement, biodynamic characteristics of the athlete's posture.
 It is proved that in order to obtain a positive effect of kinesioplasty methods on the optimization of coordination abilities of young players, it is necessary to restructure the pathological motor stereotype formed as a result of spontaneous development, which adapts the athlete to increase stress and energy expenditure during sports training. And the ability to regulate a variety of parameters of movements is determined by the accuracy of motor sensations and perceptions.
 The pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of FC "Kudrivka". The experiment was carried out by stretching the grass-sickle 2021 rock. It was attended by (n = 30 people) of which (n = 15 people) control group and (n = 15 people) experimental group). The age of the subjects was 8-11 years.

Innovative technologies of physical training of young football players 9-10 years old

The purpose of the work is to develop an optimal structure of distribution of training load facilities aimed at the development of the special physical fitness of young football players. Two groups of young football players trained in different methods. Yes, the first group trained with the overwhelming emphasis on developing speed and agility. In the second study group, the main focus was on the development of speed and flexibility. One month after the start of the observations, pedagogical testing of general and special physical training of young athletes was carried out, which was repeated at the end of the academic year, after 7 months. It is determined that the developed technique is the optimal variant of distribution of training means for the development of physical qualities of young football players, which promotes both the development of physical qualities and prevents injury.

Experimental methodology for the development of speed-strength qualities of young football players 13-14 years old, taking into account the rational ratio of exercises with and without a ball

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the speed-strength training of young football players of 13-14 years old, taking into account the rational ratio of exercises with and without a ball. Achieving high sports results in the process of training young football players is one of the main criteria for the success and correctness of the educational and training process. Realization of technical actions of football players during competitive activity requires a high level of speed-power qualities manifestation. Despite the presence of a significant number of studies aimed at improving the process of special physical training of football players at various stages of long-term training, the main problem is the search for modern approaches to planning the process of speed- strength training in the annual training cycle, taking into account the rational use of means, depending on the specifics of competitive activity. Hence, the most urgent problem is the development of issues of organizing speed-strength training and the selection of the most effective means, as well as their ratio. The obtained research results allow to increase the efficiency of the training process among 13-14 years old boys who specialize in football. The application of the proposed methodology allows to improve the indicators of speed-strength readiness, as the main physical quality in the chosen kind of sport.
 A methodology of speed-strength training of young footballers of 13-14 years old in a one-year training cycle was developed, which was based on: the duration of the preparatory and competitive periods and their tasks; distribution of the macrocycle into mesocycles, which had their own characteristics and tasks; the content of training sessions, their orientation in mesocycles are stated.
 The blocks of physical exercises and their structures developed by us formed the basis of the methodology for the development of speed-strength qualities of young football players of 13-14 years old, taking into account the rational ratio of exercises with and without a ball.

Reaction of the Organisms of Young Football Players to City Smog in the Sports Training.

The essence of a sports training includes not only developing the skills necessary in a chosen sport but also particular care about athlete’s health. This issue should be taken into account especially in case of children and youth engaged in sporting activities. In the paper there are issues connected to the control of physical effort abilities in the sports training of young football players and the assessment of the reaction of the body to physical exercise in city smog conditions (the environment of the city of Kraków) and clean air conditions (the environment of the town of Głuchołazy). This paper shows that, when assessing physical effort, one can consider not nly the results of physical tests but also the reaction of the body to a given physical load. One should remember that physical load depends not only on the methods used and the range of intensity, but also on the environmental conditions, like the quality of the air. Determining the reaction of the body to physical load (performance tests), taking into account the conditions in which the training takes place, prevents overloading and sets directions for rational sports training. The analysis of the results of the study leads to three main conclusions: (1) The planning of sports training has to consider not only the methods and means of the training but also environmental factors (air pollution); (2) Physical effort in smog conditions should be done with the use of antismog face masks; (3) The arrangement of sports training (particularly for youth) should strictly take into account the environment in which the training takes place.

Gender based way in initial pre-professional training system of young football players

The paper considers the gender-based way in initial pre-professional training of young football players (boys and girls) during their training in children’s and youth sport schools. The gender-based way and system analysis using allows us to get a handle on a system of initial training that includes a number of subsystems. All of them have a goal, objectives, program material and technology (methodology) for its implementation. Unlike the well-known studies, this one consists of using the same methodology in initial pre-professional training for joint football classes of boys and girls in age from 6 to 12 years old. This does not contradict their age characteristics and contributes to mutual enrichment in the development of technical and tactical techniques. From the age of 13, boys and girls begin to choose groups and football teams for in-depth pre-professional training to professional men’s and women’s football.

Improving the physical training of young football players 9-10 years old

The purpose of the work is to develop an optimal structure of distribution of training load facilities aimed at the development of the special physical fitness of young football players. Two groups of young football players trained in different methods. Yes, the first group trained with the overwhelming emphasis on developing speed and agility. In the second study group, the main focus was on the development of speed and flexibility. One month after the start of the observations, pedagogical testing of general and special physical training of young athletes was carried out, which was repeated at the end of the academic year, after 7 months. It is determined that the developed technique is the optimal variant of distribution of training means for the development of physical qualities of young football players, which promotes both the development of physical qualities and prevents injury.

Technical training of young football players taking into account specialized loads of high coordination complexity

Technical training of young football players taking into account specialized loads of high coordination complexity

Intellectual teaching - an effective way to train young footballers

Introduction. Learning the physical (technical) activity in the colloquial training of young football players is usually carried out by directly feeling the movement, that is through specific "kinesthetic instructions" (muscular-motor). Nevertheless, in order for the process of shaping the movement to take place more effectively (creating motor imaginings), it is important to provide specialist knowledge in so-called intellectual training. Research aim and research questions.The study is of utilitarian nature, because the main research goals set, aim at modifying the current concept of teaching methodology in sports games on the example of football, which is related to the visibility of the role of knowledge about the activities being taught and activities in the game. Confirmations of this thesis were sought at institutions training young gifted players (football adepts). The following research questions were posed: 1. Does the knowledge about the player's physical activities influence the effectiveness of learning special techniques? 2. Will the mental teaching (intellectualization) have a positive effect on the effectiveness of the (technical) movement? Materials and methods. Continuous research was conducted on an annual basis (in 2011-2015) among students of the Football Sporting School in Kraków. The surveyed pupils were a group of senior footballes - the age of the respondents aged 14-15. Forty-eight young players participated in continuous research, divided into 2 subgroups in an organised selection: experimental (E) and control (K), each with 24 players. The experimental group participated in the experimental training session once a week; and theoretical as well as practical classes, lasting 90 minutes. These classes, based on mental teaching in global terms, were characterised by a much lower intensity and volume of practical classes, but a greater mentalisation of training compared to the control group. Results. Analysis of research results confirmed the importance of intellectual training. The experimental group, in relation to the control group, had higher values in the level of specialist knowledge, technical skills and, above all, higher parameters for the simulated game.

Спортивно-технічна підготовка юних футболістів

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of sports and technical training of young football players. The concept of technical reception in football and their classification is disclosed. Two large groups of techniques for field players and goalkeeper are highlighted. They were treated with the ball, stopping the ball, kicking the ball, hitting the ball with the head, feints, selection, stuffing. All these technical elements are the foundation of the future technical mastery of the young footballer. Speed and reliability, simplicity and efficiency – these are the requirements of today to the use of football technology. The purpose of the study: the study of theoretical and methodological principles of sporting and technical training of young football players during training sessions. The technique of football is a set of special techniques used in the game in different combinations to achieve the goal. Technical techniques are the means of conducting a game. The fact that a player fully possesses all the variety of these tools, skillfully and effectively uses them in different conditions of the game, when opposing the players of the rival team, and often when tired, depends largely on the achievement of high sporting results. The stages of sports and technical training of young football players and the phases for each of them are presented. The main actions of the coach at each stage and in each phase are considered, the means that are appropriate to use for mastering the techniques and maintaining motivation are described. A short test has been developed that allows us to define our attitude towards providing feedback to athletes, which is especially important during the study of techniques and the relationship of strong motor skills. The perfection of techniques, the innate quality of an athlete, and his ability to learn, all this can be irrelevant if there is no feedback between the coach and the athlete. In training motor activities, the trainer and athlete must understand each other, learn to hear remarks and suggestions for overall success. This requires feedback. The presented test allows the coach to determine his knowledge of interpersonal relationships.