Industry Trade Research Articles

Research on risk precaution of intellectual property infringement in cross-border e-commerce

Cross-border e-commerce is one of the innovative applications of Internet technology in the field of foreign trade. In recent years, China's cross-border e-commerce business has developed rapidly, but it is also faced with the challenge of intellectual property infringement risk. This paper takes the intellectual property rights in China's cross-border e-commerce as the research object, analyzes the current situation and main types of intellectual property infringement risks, and sums up the reasons why China's International online trade enterprises frequently encounter intellectual property risks from the perspective of infringement. For example, the relevant laws and regulations, the supervision mechanism of export products need to be improved and perfected, and there are differences in the determination of intellectual property infringement liability in different countries. Based on this, this paper intends to put forward relevant improvement paths from the aspects of perfecting relevant laws and norms, strengthening the legal supervision of intellectual property rights, clarifying the imputation principle applicable to tort liability and increasing the intensity of compensation for intellectual property infringement damages, in order to promote the vigorous development of China's foreign trade industry.

Bank tail risk in China

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the tail dependency between bank stocks in China and 35 common risk factors. We measure univariate and multivariate conditional tail risk probabilities. The evidence indicates that tail events from risk factors in the banking, security trading, real estate, and energy industries have the largest effects on the realization of extreme returns from Chinese bank stocks. The univariate conditional tail risk is considerably higher than the unconditional tail risk. The impact of multiple tail events from several risk factors occurring simultaneously is much stronger than tail events from one single risk factor. In general, there is a stronger cross‐market tail linkage between emerging market risk factors and bank stocks in China when compared with developed market risk factors. However, the cross‐market tail linkage between developed market risk factors and bank stocks in China rose sharply during the 2008 financial crisis.

Industrial Policy and Regional Trade Agreements

Industrial Policy and Regional Trade Agreements

Evolution Model and Driving Mechanism of Urban Logistics Land: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta

Logistics land is the spatial carrier for the development of logistics enterprises. Its evolution mode and driving mechanism determine the level of high-quality development of the logistics industry, and serve as an important basis for urban planning and territorial spatial planning. This study introduced a Boston consulting group (BCG) matrix and geographically weighted regression (GWR) spatial econometric models to carry out empirical research on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), in an effort to provide scientific information for evidence-based decision-making by governments and enterprises. The scale and ratio of logistics land (LLS and LLR) in the YRD showed significant spatial heterogeneity and autocorrelation, cities with large logistics land use converging from clusters to belts from 2000 to 2020, and agglomerations with high logistics land ratio (LLR) migrating from inland to coastal areas. Diversified models of logistics land evolution also emerged, such as high scale–high speed cities, low scale–low speed cities, high scale–low speed cities, and low scale–high speed cities. In addition, the driving mechanism of LLS and LLR was very complex, with a great difference in the intensity, nature and spatial effects of the influence of different factors. The inspiration from empirical case studies is urgent to revise the planning norms and clarify the LLS and LLR control standards for logistics land use. Meanwhile, the synergistic development target of the logistics industry in the new era is changing from the manufacturing industry to the commerce and trade industry; the establishment of planning zoning and the designing of differentiated management policies significantly improve the planning applicability.

Construction of "De-Capacity Reduction" financial performance index for Chinese coal industry enterprises ——based on Fisher discriminant analysis

In February 2016, the Chinese government focused on removing excess capacity in coal industry enterprises, and the research goal of the paper was to determine how much impact this will have on the financial performance of coal industry enterprises. The paper collected the financial performance indicators of Chinese state-owned coal industry enterprises from 2011 to 2021, and discriminant analysis was used to calculate the financial performance index evaluation system. The conclusions are: (1) From 2011 to 2016, the financial performance index of Chinese state-owned coal industry enterprises before De-Capacity continued to decline, from 2.062 in 2011 to 1.639 in 2016; In 2017–2021, the financial performance index of Chinese state-owned coal industry enterprises after De-Capacity continued to rise, from 1.482 in 2017 to 1.515 in 2021. (2) From 2011 to 2020, the cumulative financial performance index for the whole trade of state-owned coal industry in the past decade was 18.340, with state-owned large coal industry enterprises having the best financial performance, with a 10-year cumulative index of 20.618, followed by state-owned medium-sized coal industry enterprises, with a 10-year cumulative index of 17.944, and the worst among state-owned small coal industry enterprises, with a 10-year cumulative index of 17.271. (3) If the market adjustment started in 2012 is also considered as a component of "De-Capacity", two pressures from the market and the government have prompted the transformation of state-owned coal industry enterprises. The industry wide financial performance index has increased from 1.554 in 2012 to 1.559 in 2020, with an average annual increase of 0.04 %.

‘It Is Said That at Least 300,000 rt of Capital are Required for a Raft Trade’

Although the Dutch timber trade from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century has been the subject of many historical studies, the development of the capital-intensive timber wholesale trade has remained rather underexposed by economic historians with regard to the actors involved. This is surprising since a capital of up to 600,000 Reichstaler had to be raised for the Dutch timber trade; amounts that were hardly invested in any other commercial enterprise in Germany at the time. The article therefore focuses on the timber wholesalers of the eighteenth century and analyzes in detail, based on our own archival research and previous research results, how the timber wholesalers organized their business (business strategies, business practices, etc.) and what significance their income had for the economic development of the participating economic regions of West and South-West Germany in the long term. It appears that around 1750 the German timber wholesaler and the timber companies from the Black Forest had long since driven out their Dutch competitors and acquired large fortunes. With the Dutch timber trade, capitalist practices (creation and management of companies, accounting, new methods of credit financing, etc.) also spread, which also formed an important building block for the further development of the South-West and West German economy. However, the most important thing was undoubtedly the emergence of a risk-loving entrepreneurial class with a sufficient capital base and business knowledge, which had long since broken away from 'artisan' self-reliance. Because the timber wholesalers often also invested their capital acquired in the Dutch timber trade in other industries, and these often formed a crystallization point for the West and South-West German industrialization after 1815, it can be said that the timber trade with the Netherlands not only generated an enormous volume in the eighteenth century and supported West German economic growth from 1740 onwards, but in the long term also contributed to the economic and social structural changes of the nineteenth century.

The Political Economy of Pandemics’ Influence On Hegemonic Shifts: A Comparison of the Influenza of 1918 and COVID-19

Following the World Health Organization (WHO)'s declaration of ending the public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) for the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2023, this study seizes the opportune moment to analyze it alongside its historical precedent, the Influenza of 1918, commonly known as the Spanish flu. Amid the ongoing US-China rivalry for global leadership, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out when a century had elapsed since the Influenza of 1918. This analysis aims to test the hegemonic cycles approach of the World Systems Theory and to contribute to the literature of international political economy. The hegemonic cycles approach of the World Systems Theory calls for an analysis of the figures of industrial production, international trade, and finance to judge the changes within the international economy as a hegemonic shift, which occurs at 100-150 years in a circular nature. This study furthermore adds up the figures of GDP per capita to the analysis to provide insight into the level of welfare offered by the ascending hegemons to their citizens vis-à-vis the descending ones. Thus, changes in GDP per capita, industrial production, foreign trade, and finances of the UK vs. the US during the Influenza of 1918, and the US vs. China during COVID-19 provide insights into the political economy of pandemics in terms of their impact on changing hegemonic orders. The findings reveal that both pandemics triggered a period of hegemonic shift that was preeminent on economic terms within the international order.

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN OTORITER, GAJI DAN INSENTIF TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA CV. SURYA ART GLASS KABUPATEN KEDIRI

The competition among companies in the era of globalization is increasingly intense in both the trade and service industries. Therefore, companies need to improve their performance in all areas. It has been proven that companies that survive are those with reliable human resources and good performance. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of authoritarian leadership style (X1), salary (X2), and incentives (X3) on employee performance (Y) at CV. Surya Art Glass Kediri. The sample size in this study is 55 people, consisting of all employees of CV. Surya Art Glass in Kediri Regency. The sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling. Data analysis in this study utilizes Validity Test, Reliability Test, Multiple Linear Regression Test, including t-test and f-test. The results of this study indicate that the variables of Authoritarian Leadership Style, Salary, and Incentives have a positive and significant effect on the Employee Performance variable. From the t-test results, the Authoritarian Leadership Style variable has a value of 0.003, which is less than 0.05, indicating that the Authoritarian Leadership Style variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The Salary variable has a result of 0.033, which is less than 0.05, making it positive and significant. The Incentives variable has a result of 0.003, which is less than 0.05, making it positive and significant. The F-test results show that the calculated F is 7.629 with a sig. F value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating that Authoritarian Leadership Style, Salary, and Incentives together have a significant effect on the employee performance variable.

TRADE POLICY, EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

Two macroeconomic policies that have impacted on Nigerias manufacturing industry are trade and exchange rate policies. From 1981 to 2022, this study looked at the connection between Nigerias real industrial production, exchange rate, and trade policy. Real manufacturing GDP served as a stand-in for real manufacturing output, and explanatory variables similar to the exchange rate, per capita income, monetary policy rate, manufacturing capacity utilization rate, import to export ratio, and dummy variables for structural adjustment were employed. The model was analyzed in the research by means of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique. The outcomes showed that while exports as a ratio of gross domestic product (EXGDP). Significantly boosted real manufacturing output (RMO) both in the near and distant future times. Imports as a ratio of gross domestic product (IMGDP) had a negative impact on RMO. Trade liberalization by DSAP had a significant benefit on actual manufacturing production over the long run, while it had a minimally positive impact on RMO during the near term. The rate of exchange has a short-term favorable influence on RMO but a long-term negative one. To increase manufacturing output, the federal government of Nigeria should align its trade policy with the export promotion industrialization plan. KEYWORDS: Trade Policy, Exchange Rate Dynamics, Manufacturing Output, ARDL, Nigeria.

Generative AI Reshaping International Trade Pattern: How Do Foreign Trade Enterprises Seize Opportunities

The year 2023 is the first year of the outbreak of generative artificial intelligence applications, and digital transformation has also become the development trend of international trade today. Digital transformation, driven by the rapid development and adoption of generative AI technologies, has also become the dominant trend of international trade in the contemporary world. Generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, a powerful natural language generation model, has attracted global attention and sparked heated discussions about its implications and possibilities in different fields. Generative AI is a subset of artificial intelligence, which create new content from existing data by learning the underlying patterns and structures of the data. International trade, as an important part of the global economy, is inevitably influenced by the emergence and advancement of generative artificial intelligence. This paper aims to explore the current and potential impacts of generative artificial intelligence on international trade, focusing on three main aspects: creating new value from data, data analysis and preparation. The paper argues that generative artificial intelligence offers unprecedented opportunities for the international trade industry, as it help sellers in international trade to create more diverse and customized products and services, to optimize their production and marketing strategies, and to increase their competitiveness and profitability. The foreign trade enterprises should seize the opportunity and adopt proactive and innovative approaches to leverage the benefits of generative artificial intelligence, while also being aware of and prepared for the potential risks and challenges it poses to international trade.

Value Creed: Emerging Technology and Digitalization Initiatives Create Post-pandemic Joyous Workplace

In March 2020, Nitesh Raj, the Co-Founder and Managing Director of Value Creed, was keenly observing the changes around the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Small to mid-size companies such as Value Creed, with specialized offerings, faced a harder time retaining their employees and often lost them to bigger multinational companies. Value Creed’s core expertise lies in Information Technology Consulting, focusing on the energy trading and risk management)/commodity trading and risk management industry. During this tough period, Nitesh aimed to overcome challenges and achieve a future-ready workplace with low employee turnover, high retention and satisfaction. This case is in two parts: Part A describes the Dilemma of Nitesh Raj and Part B describes how emerging technology and digitalization initiatives have supported innovative HR strategic initiatives for introducing technology-driven employee welfare programmes focusing on managing the uncertainty after the COVID-19 pandemic, thus creating a workplace of joy.

Unlocking the potential of Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) in the age of the industrial metaverse: Business models and challenges

While the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) holds much promise, there is a mismatch between its potential and companies capturing value from investments in IIoT. Indeed, even when companies recognize the value of IIoT, they do not necessarily know how to grasp related opportunities and are challenged in developing a suitable business model. Accordingly, to alleviate roadblocks to capturing value from IIoT, in this paper we address the challenge of identifying suitable business models in the age of the industrial metaverse. We do so through an extensive review and classification of main IIoT business model archetypes that are successful in practice. In particular, we conduct a content analysis of IIoT projects based on over 2000 articles in industry trade magazines and newspapers. Our analysis identifies four distinct business model archetypes in the context of IIoT, viz. IIoT digical, IIoT service-centered, IIoT data-driven, and IIoT platform, and further explores the challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that companies can capture value from their IIoT initiatives. We explore appropriate contexts for these business model archetypes, and, in doing so, we provide actionable guidance for industrial (marketing) managers seeking to position their IIoT offerings and maximize their value.

Research on home appliance circular design strategy in response to carbon border adjustment mechanism

In May 2023, the EU formally adopted the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) bill, which requires that from 2026 onwards, high-carbon imports must use the appropriate Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) certificates. At the initial stage, the mechanism has gradually covered eight high-carbon industries, and is likely to be expanded to include more industries, including the already highly competitive home appliance industry. In order to cope with the challenges that the CBAM may bring, and in line with the general trend of international green trade and circular economy, the government and the international trade industry in multiple categories, including home appliance enterprises, should react quickly and take feasible countermeasures. This study adopts a case study analytical framework to understand the responses of Chinese home appliance enterprises to CBAM through cluster analysis of 240 samples, and to explore the impact of CBAM on individual enterprises, as well as their product development and design strategies in the transition to a carbon-reducing economy. The results show that, firstly, CBAM has both negative and positive impacts on Chinese home appliance firms. Second, four product development strategies were summarized in the cluster analysis, including technological advantage, customer orientation, cost advantage and imitation. Third, 20 strategies related to product cycle design were summarized in the case interviews. In addition, there is a correlation between the product design strategies adopted by the sample firms and the firm attributes (firm size, business form and product development type). The results of this study can provide product design strategy references for the sample companies to deal with CBAM and future competition, as well as practical experience for companies in other fields to deal with CBAM.

Legal Challenges of Intellectual Property Rights for Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is a very multidisciplinary field, a blend of materials science, electronics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, quantum physics and the corresponding mathematical framework. The study aimed to evaluate the existing scenario of the choice of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection mechanisms for quantum computing, choice of best applicable type, and suggesting some key alternative innovation protection mechanisms. The methodology used in this research consists of general scientific and specific legal (historical-legal, formal-legal) methods besides law interpretation and legal modelling. We critically analyzed the norms for IPR protection of quantum computing from the viewpoint of obtaining protection of inventions and increasing the innovation activity in quantum computing. One of the regulatory mechanisms for every disruptive technology is offering it IP protection. Currently quantum computing hardware is protected by patents while software is mostly protected as copyright besides protection by industrial design and trade secret exist as complementary mechanisms for this revolutionary technology. All available approaches were considered, and amendments are suggested in current IPR legislation to correspond to the reality. This interdisciplinary research revealed the uncertain nature of quantum computing and the difficulty in selecting one type of IPR as the best choice. The best way to establish a sufficient IPR mechanism is to acknowledge quantum computing as an emerging technological cocktail, and to sustain the innovation cycle of this technology. The conclusions of this study can be used to overcome the lacunas in existing IPR system for the quantum computing. This research can be used as torchbearer when preparing proposals for making revisions and additions to the existing legislation.

A novel risk analysis method for hazardous cargo operations at port integrating the HFLC model and DEMATEL method

The development of maritime chemical and industrial trade has led to the large-scale hazardous cargo operations at port, making it essential to conduct risk analysis to analyze the risk factors affecting port safety and prevent the occurrence of accident. However, the complex interrelationships among risk factors in hazardous cargo operations and the uncertainties in the risk analysis process pose significant challenges to the effectiveness of risk analysis results. To this end, this paper proposes an integrated risk analysis method for hazardous cargo operations at port based on the hesitant fuzzy linguistic cloud (HFLC) model and the DEMATEL method. Firstly, 20 risks related to hazardous cargo operations are determined based on accident analysis and previous literatures. The HFLC model is then applied to characterize the linguistic judgements with uncertainty provided by the experts on the different risk factors. Next, the DEMATEL method is extended to the HFLC environment and utilized to calculate the centrality degree and causality degree of different risk factors in the form of HFLC. Finally, ten factors for cause group and effect group are identified separately, and the critical influence relationships between the factors are determined. This study can assist port managers in mitigating the risks of hazardous cargo operations at port, and can also serve as a crucial basis for the formulation of management decision-making and emergency response strategy.

Research on the Preferences of U.S. Venture Funding Deals in 2023 for the Industry in Which the Company Operates

Since the effects of geopolitics and recession, venture capital deals have become more cautious and companies' access to capital has become more difficult. Therefore, this research will analyze 2023 U.S. venture capital deal data to explore venture capitalists' preference for the corporate industry. In previous similar studies, visual graphics were essential, which was also applied in this study. At the same time, OLS regression model was also used for verification in this research. The results show that in 2023, U.S. venture capital deals favor the technology industry, especially the two hot spots of artificial intelligence and biotechnology. There is a positive linear relationship between venture capital investment and corporate hot spots. When the company industry moves closer to the technology industry, the amount of venture capital investment increases significantly. However, the November-December data is still to be added. Forecasting the future preferences of the venture capital trading industry is also an issue that needs to be addressed. Finally, on the basis of previous studies, this paper also provides some meaningful results for venture capital market participants, hoping to help improve the efficiency of venture capital market.

تطور نظريات التجارة الكلاسيكية الحديثة ومدى مساهمتها في فهم أنماط التجارة وعمليات التبادل التجاري في الاقتصاد العالمي.

Over the past century, international trade theories have testified to an increasing role in knowledge. Depending on the classical trade, theories of Adam Smith in 1776 and David Ricardo in 1817 based on labor while an element of cost, neoclassical contributions made possible to take the capital and other production factors into account through the concept of opportunity cost and undermining knowledge. The paper referred to the Mercantilism definition history and how it affects foreign trade factors. Besides to the research paper indicates the modern trade theories of Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson, which used two factors model that only included labor and capital. As of the 1960s, parallel to the debate over the Leontief Paradox and new international trade theories began to cover knowledge and related concepts like skilled labor and technology gap, product cycle and others. Moreover, the study builds on a review of the literature on classical trade theories as an example of comparative advantage to the new trade theories currently used by many advanced countries to direct industrial policy and trade. As a result, the study discusses that classical trade theories are still relevant now and considers how modern trade theories contribute to understanding trade patterns and benefitting from them in the world. Keywords: International Trade Theories, Development, Classic Theory, Global Economy

Exploring Defoe's Concentration on Trade: A Window into 18th-Century Views on Commerce

This article looks at how author and journalist Daniel Defoe writes to benefit the commercial industry. Defoe supported trade and included characters who emphasized its benefits in stories like Robinson Crusoe and publications like "Essay upon Projects" and "Complete English Tradesman." Although the merchant's profession is originally represented negatively in "Robinson Crusoe," Defoe gradually came to appreciate the qualities that allowed people to succeed in the trading industry. Joseph Addison was also an editor of The Spectator, a journal that promoted the benefits of the private sector.

Asahi Kasei to highlight sustainability, 3D printing filaments, purging compounds, and more at NPE 2024

On April 11, 2024, Asahi Kasei announced it would be coming to NPE 2024, reportedly the largest plastics industry trade show in the Americas, from May 6 through 10 in Orlando, Florida.

Economic and Mathematical Analysis of Factors Influencing the ESG- Rating Components of The Companies on The Emerging Markets

Objective: Nowadays, ESG serves as a guide for any kind of business all around the world. Over the last three years, ESG agenda developed at a more rapid pace on the emerging markets than on the developed ones. Methods: Utilizing data from 200 companies from 8 different industries: chemical, energy, transport, metals and mining, telecommunication, oil and gas, real estate, and retail trade industries, authors employs correlation and regression analyses to ascertain the effects of ESG factors on companies' profitability and investment attractiveness. Results: It can be stated that components of an ESG rating can affect a company’s financial performance, such as profitability and the company’s investment attractiveness with different magnitude and any changes (increase or decrease) in E, S or G components can influence company financial performance: either in positive or negative way. Conclusion: The study concludes that while ESG factors generally contribute to improved financial outcomes, their specific impact varies across different industries, highlighting the importance of industry-specific strategies for integrating ESG considerations into business practices.