Tractor Fleet Research Articles

Improving the operational life and reliability of the machine and tractor fleet by non-selective methods of tribotechnics

The fl eet of domestic tractors and combines has signifi cantly used up its operational life, has a reduced time to failure, frequent repairs and high operating costs: up to 50 billion rubles per year. The engineering service of agricultural enterprises has signifi cantly weakened, most of the maintenance work on domestic machines is carried out by the owners of the machinery themselves, which causes their low quality and frequent failures. In this regard, new methods and means are being developed to improve the reliability and service life of machines, which will also affect imported equipment.

Development Planning and Forecasting Fleet of Tractors and Grain Harvesters of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The methodological provisions on the justification and forecasting by the method of astrological modeling of the needs of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan in agricultural machinery for plant growing on the basis of data of tractors and combine harvesters are given in the work. Prepared within the framework of the grant Project of the State Institution “Science Committee” of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan on topic No. AP19678876 “Effective system of macroeconomic instruments for state regulation of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan”

Frailty model for multiple repairable systems hierarchically represented subject to competing risks

In this paper, we propose a statistical model to describe the behaviour of failure times associated with groups of repairable systems hierarchically represented, under a competing risks framework, considering the existence of unobserved heterogeneity that acts individually on systems of each group, as well as the possibility of imperfect repairs whose initial failure rate is in the form of the power law. In this context for the unobserved heterogeneity in the groups, we consider the multiplicative frailty. To illustrate the use of the proposed model, we consider a database with the failures of 38 agricultural machines categorized into five different groups. We understand that the tractor fleet corresponds to the farm's agricultural system, therefore the need for intervention in this system occurs with the failure of any unit, individually, in a serial structure, of competing risks.e On the other hand, the understanding of the time in which all the machinery that makes up the fleet will have required some intervention is obtained by analysing the results under a parallel structure.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА

A wide range of agricultural machinery in need of high-quality maintenance throughout the entire operational period to ensure uninterrupted and efficient operation is one of the most important links in the agro-industrial complex. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a mathematical model showing the relationship between the conduct of maintenance activities and the unit of equipment of the agricultural fleet; within the framework of the obtained mathematical model, deriving a criterion assessment of the quantitative conduct of maintenance. (Materials and methods) Indicated that such estimates can be obtained by applying mathematical modeling. A mathematical model was constructed using a visual diagram reflecting the relationship between the machines of the agricultural park, types of maintenance, elements of set theory and mathematical analysis. We used the theory of sets, which allowed us to move from the units of equipment of the fleet of agricultural machines to an analytical representation of realities and derive a constant that gives an assessment of maintenance depending on the number of activities carried out during the time interval under consideration. (Results and discussion) It was noted that it is necessary to improve the quality of maintenance by improving the control of its implementation in real conditions. The novelty of this work consists in the originality of the obtained scheme linking the types of maintenance and the machines of the agricultural fleet, without being tied to the number of units of equipment; in the development of a mathematical model that allows, using theoretical calculations, contributing to improving the control of maintenance activities by obtaining a universal constant that quantifies for any type of equipment and maintenance. The theoretical results were tested using the Kirovets-739 tractor as an example. (Conclusions) We obtained a schematic representation of the relationship between the components of the machine and tractor fleet and a numerical estimate reflecting the number of completed scheduled maintenance steps during the time period under study when using mathematical methods in the organization and conduct of maintenance.

Development of service technological services for rural producers in modern economic conditions

The priority strategic direction of technical service in the agro-industrial complex remains to ensure and maintain the machine and tractor fleet in working condition by increasing the resource of repaired equipment based on the use of modern repair technologies, maximum use of used complex agricultural machinery, modernization of machines in operation, and others . In this regard, it is interesting to consider the functioning of agricultural production nd national and supranational markets food products in the West, where they are mainly included in the system of state regulation, subsidies and foreign trade restrictions. The protection of the domestic market and the equalization of production conditions are inevitable components of the economic policy of each State, and the agricultural sector is almost an obligatory zone of a relatively high level of protection. These protective measures, in addition to import tariffs, include compensatory fees, excise taxes, various kinds of taxes and non-tax restrictions in the form of quotas, administrative regulation.

Mathematical Model for Managing the Age Structure of the Machinery and Tractor Fleet Based on Discrete Forms of Representing Maintenance and Repair Indicators

Algorithm is presented to develop methods for managing the age structure of the machinery and tractor fleet (MTF) according to the indicators of the maintenance and repair of MTF in the form of discrete dependencies which allow to implement complex indicators of the reliability of agricultural machinery (utilization factor or technical readiness factor). Mathematical model for managing the age structure of MTF has been developed which is characterized by changing the nomenclature of maintenance and repair indicators while using a specialized mathematical apparatus for decision-making under conditions of uncertainty, while the problem is of multicriteria nature.

State and the Prospects for Updating the Tractor Fleet in Agriculture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

The technical condition of the tractor fleet and the level of equipment for crop production in agriculture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory for 2018-2022 have been assessed taking into account the distribution of the area and the structure of arable land across the main categories of commodity producers and zonal territories. The authors substantiated the promising paths and the renewal indicators under the sanctions ensuring by 2030 a radical modernization and improvement of the technical level of the fleet to the established standards.

Leasing in Russian agricultural economy: current stage of development

The purpose of the study is to analyze leasing sustainable development as the main investment mechanism of the Russian agrarian sector technical re-equipment. The author uses general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical methods, graphical methods, etc.). The current state of the domestic agrarian sector technical equipment, the development of agricultural machinery leasing market development, issues and prospects for the use of agrarian leasing at the present stage have been considered. Considering the current situation in the domestic market, decreased prices for agricultural products and outstripping growth of prices for equipment, domestic agricultural producers need systemic state support to maintain the machinery and tractor fleet renewal pace. In conditions of agricultural machinery and investment resources for its reproduction deficit, leasing is one of the effective tools in solving the technical potential of the agricultural sector technical potential strengthening issues. The main promising areas of leasing mechanisms application, contributing to technical re-equipment acceleration in the agricultural sector have been proposed (sustainable development projects, national “green taxonomy”, “green” bonds; agricultural machinery market digitalization development; use of leasing mechanisms for the machinery and technology complexes development as a modern form of joint machinery use in agriculture). The proposed areas will ensure systemic development and acceleration of Russian agrarian sector technical re-equipment.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

In the agro-industrial complex, the transition to a market economy has significantly affected the structure of the engineering service, which has not been reorganized taking into account the modern technical way of life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is determining the main stages of the transition period of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex, reflecting the real possibilities of its revival based on the use of intelligent technologies. (Materials and methods) Conducted an in-depth analysis of changes in the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex over the past 25-30 years, reflecting the system of maintaining a high level of efficiency of agricultural machinery, the introduction of intelligent technologies in the technical support of machinery, the modernization of the system of providing engineering and technical services to agricultural producers. (Results and discussion) Showed the need to restore the basic parameters of an effective engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. We have determined the feasibility of ensuring a high level of efficiency of the machine and tractor fleet by optimizing the technical service on market conditions of voluntary and mutually beneficial for the owners of the equipment and the service provider. The need for the formation of a new ideology for the development of technical services in the agro-industrial complex related to the introduction of innovative technologies in agriculture based on highly efficient agricultural machinery using electronic means of monitoring and managing the technical condition of machines based on digital technologies has been identified. (Conclusions) The analysis of the state of technical service in the agro-industrial complex over the past 25-30 years makes it possible to substantiate the need to modernize the engineering service with the maximum use of intensive and intelligent technologies in order to implement the food program of the Russian Federation. Import substitution of agricultural machinery and all components related to its technical support is one of the main tasks, the solution of which largely depends on the successful modernization of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex as part of the creation of domestic technological equipment and technologies.

Justification of the structure and tasks of the automated system of forming a rational composition of the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural producers

Purpose. To increase the effectiveness and efficiency of management decisions by using an automated system for substantiating the rational composition of the machine-tractor fleet of agricultural producers. Methods. Monographic, system analysis, abstract and logical. Results. Based on the results of the analytical study, the structure of the automated system for substantiating the rational composition of the machine-tractor fleet of agricultural producers was developed, as well as the management tasks that arise at different levels of management of the machine-tractor fleet, the initial data for solving these tasks and the output data obtained in as a result of their solution. Conclusions. The basis of the problems that need to be solved during the substantiation of the composition of the machine-tractor fleet and the methods of solving them at different levels of management are substantiated. It was established that the following tasks are characteristic of the strategic level: justification of the level of technical support of the agricultural producer; determining the expediency of replenishment and withdrawal of technical means. For the tactical level, the following are characteristic: coordination of the parameters of the machine-tractor fleet with the characteristics of production plans; determination of the need for the involvement of additional technical means. At the operational level of management, the following are relevant: monitoring of the execution of technological operations; accounting for consumption of fuel and lubricants and technological materials; substantiation of the start time of technological operations; determination of effective distribution of technical means by fields and technological operations; justification of the organizational mode of work. Keywords: agriculture, machine and tractor fleet, management, automated systems.

Анализ резул ьтатов математи ческого моделирования влияния санкций на сел ьское хозяйство Южного федерал ьного округа РФ

The article presents a scenario analysis of the possible consequences of the current sanctions on agriculture in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The study is based on the spatial model of partial equilibrium in the wholesale markets of agricultural products of the subjects of the Russian Federation of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics named after A.A. Nikonov” – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics”. The methodology of using the results of modelling to assess the impact of sanctions on agriculture in the Southern Federal District is proposed. The main threats caused by illegal sanctions are considered: reduction of the machine and tractor fleet and barriers to the export of manufactured products. During the analysis the volumes of production and consumption of the main types of agricultural products in the Southern Federal District were studied. Conclusions are drawn on the impact of the sanctions on the region’s dependence on external supplies of livestock products, namely: the deterioration of the agribusiness situation, violations of the reproductive process will sooner or later lead to a decline in agricultural production, which will cause instability in the situation of food supply to the population. Special attention is paid to the consideration of cash flows of the grain industry of the Southern Federal District. The possible impact of the sanctions on agricultural foreign trade is assessed in the context of scenarios. The special role of the state in overcoming agricultural crises is highlighted: financial support for local agricultural producers and the development of measures to eliminate the negative impact of export barriers. On the basis of the identified trends, the conclusions on the negative impact of the sanctions on the agricultural sector are formulated, namely: their serious negative impact on food security of the population, participants in foreign economic activity and on the financial situation of agriculture has been established.

Современное состояние и перспективные направления технической модернизации аграрного сектора

The paper outlines the current state and promising directions of technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector, which determines the vector of competitiveness of the country’s agriculture. Much attention is paid to government support and technical modernization programs as tools to stimulate and upgrade the country’s agricultural machinery and tractor fleet. It is argued that these tools of technical modernization of the industry are used in different ways by different subjects of the Russian Federation. The work highlights the leading regions for the renewal of the main fleet of agricultural machinery. The experience of technical and technological modernization of the crop industry in a large agricultural region of Southern Russia - the Rostov region - is studied. Taking into account the author’s coefficients for determining the normative need for the main types of agricultural machinery, recommended parameters for updating the machine and tractor fleet of the region have been developed, allowing to provide the agricultural sector with new generation equipment and increase its competitiveness. The implementation of the proposed parameters assumes the preservation of the level of regional support for the industry in terms of its technical modernization, the stabilization of grain prices in the country and in the global agri-food market.

Analytical assessment of the machinery use efficiency in the technology of crop products production

The crop growing industry focuses, first of all, on highly productive and efficient machinery that meets all modern requirements of agricultural production. This machinery can significantly increase the productivity of agricultural labor and create comfortable working conditions. Digital transformation and digitalization of crop production requires introducing highly intelligent machinery and technologies for crop cultivation into the agro-industrial complex, which, in turn, necessitates requirements for the growth of intellectual abilities of agricultural workers. The current prices for modern machinery and technologies are very high; for many enterprises it is not possible to purchase them, therefore the relevance of state support from federal sources is very necessary. There is a negative trend in the numerical reduction of machinery in the region under study, as a result of which there is an increase in the specific load per unit of machinery, and that leads to accelerated wear. As a result, production volumes in crop growing are being reduced. Calculations show that the degree of exploitation of the combine harvester fleet in the region is slightly higher than that of the tractor fleet, so these trends should be taken into account in the process of planning the volume of investments for their acquisition.

Technical and technological level of domestic agricultural production in the context of European integration processes

Purpose. To study the level of technical equipment of domestic agricultural production and investment and innovation support for its development in the context of European integration processes. Methods. Monographic, system analysis, abstract and logical. Results. Based on the results of an analytical study of the current state of the technical and technological base of domestic agro-industrial enterprises, the current model of agriculture in Ukraine is defined as industrial. In contrast, the leading European countries are characterised by post-industrial (innovative) agricultural production. Conclusions. The prospects of Ukraine‘s accession to the European space necessitate the development of a high-tech domestic agriculture based on the principles of sustainable development, which will ensure competitiveness and efficient agricultural business based on innovative production technologies and a modern machine and tractor fleet for their implementation. The development of a qualitatively new model of agriculture in Ukraine requires the development of a state strategy for updating the technical and technological base of agricultural production, which should outline the guidelines and priorities of domestic machine building for the agro-industrial complex. Keywords: agriculture, high-tech production, technical and technological base, sustainable development, competitiveness, innovation.

МЕТОДЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОЛИЧЕСТВА И СОСТАВА РЕМОНТНЫХ БРИГАД ПРИ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИИ ТЕХНИКИ

Energy resources (ES) that are part of the machine and tractor fleet, agricultural enterprise (Agricultural Enterprise), subject to intensive use, constantly need to maintain their working condition. The main problems of maintenance and repair of electrical systems and methods for solving them have been identified. A scheme for planning repairs at agricultural storage facilities has been determined. In conditions of limited time, medium and major repairs are proposed to be carried out by reassembly or by the aggregate-sectional method. It has been established that the main technical characteristics of the quality of repair bodies are the following indicators: the complexity of performing a certain type of repair on a given type of electrical system; repair cycle; repair intensity; working time fund. They are determined analytically and make it possible to evaluate the quality characteristics of repair bodies, determine the number and composition of repair teams at the enterprise, the list of repair work, etc. The norms for time expenditure (labor intensity) for performing each individual repair operation, which are also the norms for the production of repairmen, are determined in the process of repairing equipment by timing. When statistically processing the results of timing the time of repair work, the estimated norms of labor costs for individual types of work and the total costs of performing current, medium and major repairs for each type of electrical system are determined. Then the following is determined: lists of necessary equipment, instrumentation, equipment, tools and spare parts; technology of repair work; the required number of repair teams, workshops, workshops, sites, work areas and repair specialists; duration of the repair cycle; production standards for repair specialists; intensity of repairs; list of specialties, qualification level and productivity of each repairman. The implementation of theoretically based methods for determining the number and composition of repair teams when restoring power supply systems will expand the capabilities of the enterprise's repair bodies to restore equipment with faults of various types.

Optimizing Work Planning for Grain Crop Cultivation: Software Components

The paper considers modernization of the agricultural sector with the aim of enhancing its efficiency and competitiveness through the implementation of digital technologies. Additionally, it analyzes the methods and software employed for the selection of technologies and technical tools. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop software modules for managing the production of crop products. This involves the selection of appropriate agricultural technologies and the optimal utilization of the machine and tractor fleet. The software designed is expected to take into account the farm agroclimatic and production conditions. (Materials and methods) The development of software components for a web-based software package aimed to facilitate the annual work planning in grain crop cultivation, is based on a method rooted in the evaluation of natural, climatic, and production conditions. (Results and discussion) The findings support the feasibility of developing software components for a web-based software package by selecting agricultural technologies and determining optimal utilization options for technical means. The research resulted in the development of a structural scheme for the software package designed as a web-based application, encompassing such software modules as «Selection of technologies» and «Selection of technical means». These modules share a unified interface and operate on a common database. The operation of software modules for selecting technologies was tested in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk region in 2022.The tests examined the cultivation technologies for wheat at a standard intensification level across four working areas with varying predecessors. (Conclusions) The developed software components will be subsequently integrated into the software package in the form of a web application. This application can serve as a support system for making informed managerial decisions in the realm of machine-based agricultural technologies. The software package facilitates the automation of technology selection, the creation of an annual work plan, and the computation of economic indicators.

Current situation of crop production branch of Khabarovskiy Kray

The paper analyzes the level and current state of crop production and the main agricultural crops of the Khabarovsk Territory, considers the current trends and patterns of development. It has been revealed that the share of agricultural products of the region in the gross regional product is at the level of 2%, while half of the contribution to the region's agriculture is made by crop production with a production volume of 9.48 billion rubles per year. Arable land area of the Khabarovsk Territory for the period 2017-2021 varied from 55.4 thousand ha to 68.6 thousand ha. Soybean can be considered the main agricultural crop of the region in terms of area. The soybean yield in the region has increased by 35% over the past 5 years and amounted to 1.55 t/ha in 2021. Under its crops, more than half of the total area of the region is occupied annually. Also, the article shows the state of technical equipment of the agriculture of the region and the pace of its renewal, indicating a positive pace of renewal of the machine and tractor fleet of the Khabarovsk Territory.

State and development prospects of the agricultural tractor fleet in the context of digital transformation of agriculture

BACKGROUND: The digital transformation of various sectors of the national economy including agriculture is one of the main tasks of economic development. The implementation of digital technologies in production processes helps to improve the technical and economic indicators of production by ensuring the timely adoption of optimal management decisions, increasing labor productivity, and reducing the impact of the human factor on production. To ensure the digital transformation of agricultural production, first of all, it is necessary to assess the state of machinery and technology provision for agriculture, in particular, the tractor fleet, in terms of the level of equipment readiness for being equipped with digital systems and the availability of standard technical solutions for equipment adaptation to digital agriculture.
 AIMS: Determination the expected values of indicators of the level of technical and technological state of agricultural production by developing a forecast for the development of the agricultural tractor fleet and the level of provision with these types of equipment for the period up to 2030 taking into account current trends.
 METHODS: For the tractor fleet state assessment, the data taken from specialized databases on the tractor fleet and the area of arable land retired from active agricultural circulation, statistical materials of the Rosstat and Avtoselkhozmash-Holding organizations were used. Statistical extrapolation methods implemented in the Microsoft Excel environment were used to predict the development of the tractor fleet.
 RESULTS: The forecast for the tractor fleet development was made according to two scenarios: pessimistic and optimistic, taking into account the use of digital technologies.
 CONCLUSIONS: The development forecast made it possible to assess the state of the tractor fleet by 2030 according to various scenarios.

Heuristic algorithm for optimizing the implementation of a complex of mechanized works in field farming in conditions of digitalization

In modern conditions, ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural production is impossible without an accurate and scientifically based system of organization of production, an integral element is planning the implementation of mechanized agricultural technical work. Models for optimizing the use of the enterprise’s machine and tractor fleet in field farming are based on the mathematical apparatus of linear programming and greatly simplify reality. This study considers the possibility of using nonlinear models to solve the problem of optimal planning of spring-field work.Particular attention is paid to the heuristic algorithm for obtaining an initial reference plan, close to the optimal, and an integer solution. An example of calculations according to the proposed method for a specific agroindustrial enterprise is given. The described heuristic algorithm can be successfully applied in practice in operational-production planning of the use of the available machine-tractor fleet in field farming.

Влияние энергозатрат на формирование рационального машинно-тракторного парка

In the modern period, the structure of enterprises engaged in the production of agricultural products differs significantly from each other. The main differences include the presence, contour and condition of sown areas, as well as the composition and quality condition of the machine and tractor fleet. This can be explained by the fact that, along with enterprises that have large acreage and an energy-saturated machine and tractor fleet, small peasant farms (KFH) also participate in the production of agricultural products and the formation of the gross regional product in terms of the size of the acreage and the composition of the machine and tractor fleet. At the same time, they make a significant contribution to the production of gross domestic product. Thus, in the Amur region, the share of agricultural enterprises from all agricultural products produced in the region in the total volume accounts for up to 25 ... 28 percent. Thus, in the current production conditions, the issue of rational selection and formation of a machine and tractor fleet that would be optimal for both large agricultural holdings and small farms becomes particularly relevant. At the same time, when forming a machine and tractor fleet, the most responsible is the financial component, since the cost part, of course, is not comparable between large agricultural enterprises with high production volumes and small farms. If we analyze the market of agricultural machinery offered by manufacturers, it is very diverse both in price value and technological efficiency, and in energy saturation. Therefore, for the rational selection of the composition of the machine-tractor fleet and the train of machines, it is necessary to apply various methods based on the financial capabilities of a particular agricultural enterprise and other components of the production process. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting and forming a machine and tractor fleet, which is based on the use of energy consumption through the profitability coefficient, as an indicator that is most independent of market conditions. Keywords: MACHINE AND TRACTOR FLEET, ENERGY RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PROFITABILITY, PROFITABILITY COEFFICIENT, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY