The efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery is largely a determining factor in the efficiency of agricultural production in general. The analysis of the efficiency of using the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises should be comprehensive. It should be based on a set of such indicators, both quantitative and qualitative indicators, but for crop production, the construction of this system of indicators has its own specifics, due to the fact that in agriculture the working period and the production period do not coincide. When studying the economy of machine use, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of direct effect and efficiency, the measure of which is the ratio of operating costs and the volume of mechanized work required for these conditions. The efficiency analysis should be based on the indicators of the volume of mechanized work performed with the help of machines, aggregates, machine and tractor fleet per shift, day, period, year. In close connection with the productivity of machine operators and the level of use of equipment are such cost, generalizing indicators as the cost of mechanized work and the cost of production. The article evaluates the efficiency of using the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises in the Alexander Nevsky district of the Ryazan region, and analyzes the dynamics of crop energy saturation, showing its trends in 2015–2019. The analysis showed that in comparison with the level of 2015, the energy saturation of agriculture in the Ryazan region decreased by 7.6 %. Also, the energy supply of labor decreased by 7.8 %. High energy intensity leads to a reduction in the competitiveness of Russian food, which today is significantly inferior to Chinese, Polish, Israeli, and, in a number of sub-sectors of agriculture — Western European. In conditions of low attractiveness of agricultural production in the banking sector, the role of state support for the development of the material and technical base increases. The analysis of the directions of state support showed that the federal budget presupposes the use of indirect measures of state support (subsidizing the interest rate), and the regional budget combines direct measures (subsidies for the reimbursement of part of direct costs) and indirect regulation in the same proportion.