Toxicity In Male Albino Rats Research Articles

Effect of Testosterone on Lead Acetate Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

The toxicity of lead acetate (L. A.) concerned to public health disruptor due to its persistence in the environment and it has the adverse influence on the human and animal health as well. It causes physiological,biochemical, and neurological dysfunctions in humans. Histologically it has a negative effect on the liver which is considered one of the major target organs where acts as detoxification machine by elimination the toxic substance from the blood in rich with it. As well as it affects kidneys that are the two of the most filtering organs. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the histopathological effect of L.A. on liver and kidney tissues in male rats. Twenty male rats involved in the study were equally and randomly divided into two groups each of them involved 10 animals. Group I (castrated rats) and Group II (control) each group received 80mg/L of lead acetate dissolved in one liter distilled water by drinking for 15 days. Histological sections showed some alterations including abnormal architecture, cell degeneration, nuclear degeneration, hyperchromatic hepatocytes, immune cells, degeneration in tubules, dilation in sinusoids, dilation in central vein of liver increased bowman's space glomerular atrophy degeneration of tubular cells in liver and kidney tissues of rats in castrated rats from control group. But the size of degenerated tissue was more severe in castrated male rats. It was concluded that the castration process could produce a hypogonadism and decreased testosterone which owns many receptors in kidney and liver may produce adverse influence with L.A. administration.

Protective effect of silymarin and ascorbic acid in valproic acid-induced hepatic toxicity in male albino Rats

Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy, migraine and as a mood stabilizer in some psychiatric diseases. It has been condemned for causing hepatotoxicity. Oxidative stress and some metabolites of VPA have been proposed to be responsible for VPA induced hepatotoxicity. The current study was conducted to assess the damage induced by toxic doses of valproic acid on rats' livers and to assess the protective role of silymarin and ascorbic acid in VPA induced hepatotoxicity. Forty-two male albino rats were divided equally into seven groups; group (1): normal control, group (2): ascorbic acid, group (3): silymarin, group (4): VPA, group (5): VPA+ascorbic acid, group (6): VPA + silymarin and group (7): VPA + ascorbic acid + silymarin. After four weeks, the animals were sacrificed and livers were collected for histopathologic examination and biochemical assessment. VPA group showed a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and a significant decrease in albumin and total protein. Liver malondialdehyde was significantly increased and antioxidant enzymes levels were significantly decreased. Liver sections showed loss of normal pattern of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, congested central vein and fatty infiltration. Each of ascorbic acid and silymarin partially improved some of the measured parameters. When they were combined together, they depict high improvement in most of measured parameters and showed near normal liver sections. This study concludes that combination of ascorbic acid and silymarin has synergistic antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against VPA induced toxic effects on liver.

Effect of Fullerene C60 (NPs) on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hepato and Cardiac Toxicity in Male Albino Rats.

Background: Toxicity due to drugs used for neoplastic disorders is documented in previous studies. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used as anticancer drug, which could cause toxicity of normal cells through its toxic metabolites. The fullerene family, especially Fullerene C60 nanoparticles (NPs) can be utilized in many and different biological fields. We evaluated the protective role of Fullerene C60 (NPs) in the toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Methods: The activities of serum Liver marker enzymes; alanin amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transeferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). T. protein, Albumin, serum heart marker enzymes; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine phosphokinase (CK) were determined. Results: Toxicity of the organs like heart, and liver was proved from increases of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and CK values and a decrease in T. protein and Albumin in cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg a single dose) administered rats, Fullerene C60NPsdissolved in olive oil (0.8 mg/ml) oral treatment will show enhancement against toxicity induced by (CP)at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 days. Conclusion: In this study, we wish to report that, the in vivo treatment of Fullerene C60 (NPs) was improved the biochemical changes caused by cyclophosphamide-induced toxicities. These results have importance in the fields of medicine. This may open the way for the biomedical applications of C60in treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and ageing.

Exogenous phosphatidylcholine supplementation retrieve aluminum-induced toxicity in male albino rats.

This study investigated the ameliorative potential of exogenous phosphatidylcholine (PC) against aluminum-induced toxicity in male albino rats. Four groups of rats were used for this study (N=8): group I served as the control, group II (PC treated) received L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg yolk-derived) 100mg/kg bwt/day orally, group III (aluminum treated) received aluminum chloride 100mg/kg bwt/day orally, and group VI (aluminum+PC treated) received similar oral dose of aluminum and PC (100mg/kg bwt/day). Treatment was continued for 8weeks. Results revealed that aluminum chloride treatment leading to a significant elevation in serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, serum cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6), and brain content of acetylcholine, as well as a significant reduction in serum-reduced glutathione, serum testosterone, and brain content of acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, aluminum administration caused significant histopathological alteration in liver, kidney, brain, testes, and epididymis. Co-treatment with exogenous PC resulted in significant improvement in intensity of histopathologic lesions, serum parameters, testosterone level, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative/antioxidative status. However, it does not affect the brain content of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase. Conclusively, treatment with exogenous PC can retrieve the adverse effect of aluminum toxicities through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Protective effects of Eruca sativa (rocket) on abamectin insecticide toxicity in male albino rats.

The extensive use of insecticides has hazardous effects since they can damage human health as well as the environment. Abamectin has been widely used in veterinary medicine and as a pesticide in agriculture. It is considered as one of the most commonly used insecticides in Egypt. The focus of the present study is to examine the toxic effects of sublethal dose (1mg/kg b.wt.) of abamectin (Crater 3.37% EC) in male albino rats and to evaluate the efficiency of Eruca sativa suspension to ameliorate the abamectin toxicity. The present study was achieved using 18 male albino rats. Rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, abamectin-treated group, and abamectin+E. sativa-treated group. Rats of the third group were orally administrated a mixture of sublethal dose of abamectin (1mg/kg b.wt.) and E. sativa suspension (5g/kg b.wt.) three times a week for 28days. At the end of the study period, blood samples were collected from all groups to measure the various hematological and biochemical parameters. The results revealed that rats, after abamectin exposure, exhibited general signs of toxicity and disturbance in the hematological and biochemical parameters. In addition, administration of E. sativa suspension ameliorated the hematological and biochemical parameters. These findings suggested that the exposure to abamectin might be responsible for hypertension, liver and kidney dysfunction, lipid profile disturbance, and oxidative stress, reflected in hematological and biochemical parameters. It was also found that the administration of E. sativa suspension reduced the detrimental impact of abamectin on some hematological and biochemical parameters.

Lack of beneficial effect of activated charcoal in lead induced testicular toxicity in male albino rats

Abstract Objective: Lead is a multi-organ toxicant implicated in various diseases including testicular toxicity. In search of cheap and readily available antidote this study has investigated a beneficial role of activated charcoal in lead induced testicular toxicity in male albino rats. Materials and Method: Eighteen male albino rats were divided into three groups of six rats per group. Group 1 (control rats) received deionised water (10 ml/kg), group 2 was given lead acetate solution 60 mg/kg and group 3 rats were given lead acetate (60 mg/kg) followed by Activated charcoal, AC (1000 mg/kg) by oral gavage daily for 28 days. Absolute and relative weights of testis, epididymal sperm reserve, testicular sperm count, percent sperm motility and percent sperm viability were monitored. Results: AC failed to show any significant beneficial effect in ameliorating lead induced testicular toxicity. Conclusions: There seem to be a poor adsorption on lead onto AC in vivo.

The Propolis Effect on Chlorpyrifos Induced Thyroid Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a chlorinated organophosphate insecticide that is used widely in the world and Egypt. The aim of present work was to study the possible protective role of Propolis on thyroid gland of male rats after chronic exposure of chlorpyrifos. For this purpose, Fifty adult male albino rats were randomized into 5 groups: I, II (Control), III (received Propolis dissolved in 0.5 ml corn oil, 50 mg/kg b.w./day), IV (received CPF dissolved in 0.5 ml corn oil 6.75 mg/kg b.w./ day) and V (received CPF and Propolis at the same previously mentioned doses). Rats were orally treated by gavage for 12 weeks. We found that Chlorpyrifos induced damaging effects in thyroid tissue architecture, thickened collagen fibers between the follicles and decreased periodic acid schiff (PAS) reaction in the colloids. Immunohistochemically, there was weak thyroglobulin (TGB) expression. Besides, it significantly decreased the serum levels of Tri-iodothyronin (T3), Tetraiodothyronin (T4) and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). It depressed reduced glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidant enzyme activities in thyroid tissues with respect to control groups. Furthermore, CPF increased thyroid oxidative stress as manifested by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. On the other hand, the concurrent administration of Propolis with CPF showed significant improvement in previous changes. Our findings showed that the concurrent oral administration of Propolis with CPF improved the CPF induced oxidative damaging effects in thyroid gland and the antioxidative defense in the rats.

Pathological Evaluation of The Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chromium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Pathological Evaluation of The Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Chromium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Effects of Ethanol Extract of Hymenocardia acida Leaves on Aluminium Chloride-Induced Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Background: The current Study investigated the effects of aqueous extract of H. Acida leaves on Aluminium Chloride induced toxicity in male albino rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, Biochemical and Haematological parameters were assayed in order to determine the toxic effect of AlCl3 and the ameliorative effects of the extract. Methods: Twenty (20) rats grouped into four (n=5) were administered AlCl3 and the aqueous leaves extract based on the experimental design. The animals were sacrificed after the experimental period of seven (7) days, blood was collected for assay of the biochemical and haematological parameters by cardiac puncture while the liver tissues were harvested and homogenised for the determination of Thiobarbituric acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). Results: ALT, AST, Bilirubin and Glucose levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in groups treated with AlCl3 when compared to the normal control whereas treatment with plant extracts ameliorates the increase. The RBC, Hb, PCV and Platelet levels increased significantly (p<0.05) particularly in the groups treated with H. Acida aqueous extract when compared to the normal control. The TBARS level initially increased due to AlCl3 toxicity was decreased on treatment with aqueous plant extract. Conclusion: It can be concluded however that the extract demonstrated potentials in ameliorating deleterious effects of aluminium chloride intoxication. Hence, the extract showed mild toxicity level considering the parameters in question.

Ameliorative effect of propolis on the cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male albino rats

Propolis is a potent antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. The present study aimed to investigate protective effects of propolis extract on cadmium-induced testicular damage, apoptosis, HIF-1α expression and toxicity in rat's testis tissue.A total of 32 male rats were equally divided into four study groups namely, control, Cd (1mg/kg/day), Cd+propolis (50mg/kg/day) and propolis. The rats were decapitated under ketamine anesthesia and their testes tissues were removed. Serum testosterone, tissue malondialdehyde and HIF-1α levels, HIF-1α expression, apoptosis and histopathological damage scores were then compared.In the Cd group, the diameters of seminiferous tubules, tubular biopsy score of Johnsen and serum testosterone levels were decreased compared control group, but tissue HIF-1α and tissue MDA levels was higher than control group. The immunoreactivity of HIF-1α and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in Cd group. Furthermore, the propolis treated group showed an improved histological appearance in the Cd group.Thus, the results suggest that propolis acts as a potent protective agent against Cd-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

Neuroprotective effect of grape seed extract against cadmium toxicity in male albino rats.

Cadmium toxicity can disturb brain chemistry leading to depression, anxiety, and weakened immunity. Cadmium disturbs the neurotransmitter dopamine, resulting in low energy, lack of motivation, and depression, which are predisposing factors for violence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on the brain of 40 male albino rats after exposure to cadmium chloride (Cd) toxicity. The rats were separated into either the control group, the Cd group, the GSE group, or the GSE and Cd mixture (treated) group. The cerebrum showed evidence of degeneration of some nerve fibers and cells. Fibrosis, vacuolations, and congestion in the blood vessels were demonstrated. Satelletosis was located in the capsular cells. Immunohistochemical expression of Bax was strongly positive in the Cd group and decreased in the treated group. These histopathological changes were decreased in the brain tissue of the treated group, but a few blood vessels still had evidence of congestion. Cadmium administration increased the level of MDA and decreased MAO-A, acetylcholinesterase, and glutathione reductase (GR), while the treatment with GSE affected the alterations in these parameters. In addition, cadmium downregulated the mRNA expression levels of GST and GPx, while GSE treatment normalized the transcript levels. The expression of both dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter was downregulated in the rats administered cadmium and the addition of GSE normalized the expression of these aggression associated genes.

Beneficial Effects of Vitamins C and E on Tenofovir-Nevirapine Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Background: Tenofovir and nevirapine are associated with kidney and liver toxicity respectively; hence concurrent use might be associated with hepatorenal toxicity. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of pretreatments with vitamins C and E on tenofovir and nevirapine (TDF-NVP) -induced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), creatinine (Cr), urea (U) and uric acid (UA) in male albino rats. Effects of treatments with vitamins C and E were also evaluated on baseline serum levels of the above parameters. Methods: Forty five adult male albino rats which were divided into nine groups (A-I) of five animals each were used for this study. Animals in group A (placebo control) and group B (solvent control) were treated orally with water and arachis oil respectively. Animals in groups C-F were treated with vitamin C (20 mg kg -1 ), vitamin E (20 mg kg -1 ), vitamin C+E, and TDF-NVP (90 mg/60 mg kg- 1 ) for 30 days respectively. Animals in groups G-I were pretreated with vitamin C, vitamin E and combined doses of vitamin E and C prior to treatment with TDF-NVP for 30 days respectively. Animals were sacrificed and the serum levels of the above parameters were evaluated. Results: Treatment with combined doses of vitamin E and C significantly (p<0.05) decreased baseline serum levels of all evaluated parameters while TDF-NVP treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased serum levels of all evaluated parameters when compared to the control. However, TDF and NVP -induced increases in serum levels of all evaluated parameters were decreased in animals pretreated with individual doses of vitamins C and E with maximal decreases observed with pretreatment using combined doses of vitamin C and E. Conclusion: The use of these vitamins could be beneficial in the treatment of liver and kidney damage associated with TDF-NVP.

The influence of Omega3 fatty acids supplementation against aluminum-induced toxicity in male albino rats.

This study evaluated the protective and antioxidant potential of Omega3 fatty acids (FAs) against aluminum intoxicated male albino rats. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four equal groups: group I served as control; group II (Omega3-treated) received Omega3 FAs 1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally; group III (aluminum-treated) received aluminum chloride 100mg/kgbwt/day orally and group IV (aluminum + Omega3-treated) received aluminum chloride 100mg/kgbwt/day and Omega3 FAs 1000mg/kgbwt/day orally. Treatments lasted for 4weeks. Results indicate that administration of aluminum chloride showed non-significant changes in serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde as well as a significant reduction in serum-reduced glutathione levels. Aluminum treatment induced histopathological alterations in the liver, kidney, brain, testes, and epididymis. Omega3 FAs supplementation improved the serum parameters, enhanced endogenous antioxidant status, reduced lipid peroxidation, and ameliorated the intensity of the histopathological lesions. These findings reveal that Omega3 FAs supplementation can lighten the toxic effects of aluminum through their antioxidant and free radical-scavenging effects.

Melatonin and alpha lipoic acid attenuate lopinavir/ritonavir - induced testicular toxicity in albino rats

The use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) could be associated with testicular toxicity as a limiting factor. The present study evaluated the effects of melatonin (MT) and alpha lipoic (ALA) acid on LPV/r–induced testicular toxicity in male albino rats. Eighty five male albino rats used for this study were randomized into 6 groups (A-F). Rats in groups A1 and A2 served as placebo and solvent control and were orally exposed to water and 1% ethanol, respectively. Rats in group B were exposed to oral doses of MT (10 mg kg-1/day), ALA (10 mg kg-1/day) and combined doses of MT and ALA, respectively. Rats in group C were exposed to oral doses of LPV/r (22.9/5.71 - 91.4/22.9 mg kg-1/ day), respectively. Rats in group D-F were exposed to oral doses of MT (10 mg kg-1/day), ALA (10 mg kg-1/day) and combined doses of MT and ALA prior to oral exposure to LPV/r (22.9/5.71 - 91.4/22.9 mg kg-1/day), respectively. At the end of 60 days of exposure to drugs, rats were sacrificed; blood was collected and serum extracted and evaluated for testosterone. Testes were collected and evaluated for sperm parameters. LPV/r-treated rats showed significant (P&lt;0.05) and dose-dependent decreases in sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and serum testosterone levels with increases in abnormal sperm cells, debris, and primordial sperm cells when compared to placebo control. However, LPV/r-induced changes in sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels were attenuated in rats pretreated with MT and ALA. The best effects were observed in rats pretreated with combined doses of MT and ALA. Melatonin and alpha lipoic acid have potential to reduce testicular toxicity associated with lopinavir/ritonavir treatment.

In Vivo Antidiabetic and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Chamaecostus cuspidatus

Herbal plants are very major traditional sources of our country. The roles of medicinal plants on various biomedical applications have been proved. The present investigation of this study is to evaluate characterization of Chamaecostus cuspidatus leaves aqueous extract using UV-vis spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antidiabetic activity of the plant extract was tested against streptozotocin induced toxicity in male albino rats. The antioxidant activity of plant extract was analysed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Superoxide anion scavenging activity, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and Reducing power analysis methods. The potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and the antifungal activity against the Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans was performed by antimicrobial sensitivity assay. The plant extract resulted good antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Protection against Methotrexate Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Rats by Zinc and its Combination with Vitamin C and Vitamin E

Methotrexate, a well-known cytotoxic chemotherapy, anti-folate, immunosuppressant and effectively treats all major disorders like cancer, psoriasis, refractory rheumatoid arthritis, etc. It is widely and mostly used drug having multitherapy properties and well tolerated, however, its cytotoxic nature leads to many serious side effects, including hepato-renal toxicity, so it is necessary to reduce its side effect and get its benefit. Among all hypothesis, oxidative stress and toxic metabolite are the noticeable cause of toxicity. The present study investigated the protective effects of Zinc alone and its combination with vitamin C and vitamin E against the methotrexate induced hepato-renal toxicity in male albino rats. Zinc is a well-known potent anti-oxidant that scavenges the free radical in tissues. Vitamin C and vitamin E are water soluble and insoluble antioxidant, respectively. In conclusion, the rats treated with zinc alone and its combination with vitamin C and vitamin E had a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, urea, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT in blood serum when compared with methotrexate treated rats. Similarly the activity of catalase and reduced glutathione were enhanced and lipid peroxidase was decreased. Histopathology report confirmed the hepato-renal protectivity of Zinc and its combination with vitamin C and vitamin E by restoring the normal architecture of liver and kidney.

Antihepatotoxic efficacy of Mangifera indica L. polysaccharides against cyclophosphamide in rats

The present study aims to evaluate the possible protective role of polysaccharides extracted from the Egyptian mango Mangifera indica L. (MPS) and/or silymarine against cyclophosphamide (CP) toxicity in male albino rats. The MPS and/or silymarin significantly decreased the activities of serum ASAT and ALAT. However, MPS (1000 mg/kg) normalized their activities towards the normal levels recording 28.75 and 78.75 U/ml respectively. The recorded data also showed the antioxidant effect of MPS by decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as normalized the activities of the antioxidant enzyme GST and SOD. Histopathological examinations also confirmed the protective efficacy of MPS against liver toxicity of CP. In conclusion, the recorded results of the present study support the protective role of MPS and/or silymarin against CP-induced hepatic damage.

Renal Protective Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth in Acetaminophen-induced Renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Renal Protective Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth in Acetaminophen-induced Renal Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Protective Effects of Cyclohexyl methyl dithiocarbamates Sodium Salts on Diclofenac Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

The present study investigates the effect of cyclohexylmethyldithiocarbamates sodium salt (a synthetic compound) and vitamin E against diclofenac-induced blood and testes of experimental Wistar male albino rats. The study consists of six groups of six rats each. Group I (control) received corn oil (3 ml/kg b.w), Group II received diclofenac (100 mg/kg b.w), Group III rats were treated with diclofenac and cyclohexylmethyldithiocarbamates sodium salt (30 mg/kg b.w), Group IV was administered diclofenac and Vitamin E (30 mg/kg b.w), Group V was given cyclohexylmethyldithiocarbamates sodium salt (30 mg/kg b.w) only and Group VI received vitamin E only. The results showed a significant (p 0.05) in the vitamin E only treated rats when compared with the control. There was a significant (p 0.05) decrease in the diclofenac with Na (HxMedtc) treated rats and Na (HxMedtc) only treated rats when compared with the control. Also, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in TSN in the diclofenac with Na (HxMedtc) treated rats and diclofenac with vitamin E treated rats when compared with diclofenac only treated rats. And a decrease (p<0.05) in the daily sperm production (DSP) in the diclofenac only treated rats, and diclofenac with cyclohexylmethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt only treated rats when compared with the control.

Evaluation of Antibacterial action and Hepatoprotective efficiency ofSolanum nigrumleaves extract on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity

Solanum nigrum leaf is one of the most important greens in throughout the world. Plants are playing a vital role in hepatoprotective activity. In this present investigation we used Solanum nigrum for the antimicrobial activity and hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced liver toxicity in male albino rats. The important chemical groups present in the aqueous extract canbe determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Zone of inhibition in bacterial spread plate showing a antimicrobial property of the plant extract. The aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum significantly decreases the serum enzyme alanine amino transferase (ALT), asparate amino transferase (AST), triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC) and significantly increased the total protein level. Silymarin (100 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug used for comparison exhibited significant activity. The morphology of liver cells clearly indicating the treatment of Solanum nigrum against acetaminophen induced liver damage near to normal cells.