Subjective Prerequisites Research Articles

Analysis of prospects and problems in the development of human resources for the employment of Ukrainian refugees

An influx of workers who have accumulated knowledge in labor markets other than the current one can have particularly large effects on the development of the host country's human resources. Other things being equal, a region with higher fluctuations in the number of highly skilled workers should be in a better position than a region with low mobility. Refugee laws are in constant evolution, reflecting the changing political, economic, and legal environments. This paper examines the situation that has developed in the Czech Republic after the arrival of a large number of refugees from Ukraine, in terms of their opportunities and prospects, as well as their ability to enter the labor market in accordance with their education and previous professional activities. The purpose of this study is to analyse the potential and obstacles to the labor integration of Ukrainian refugees, given the situation of uncertainty and the measures taken by the Czech government and state structures to receive refugees. The article considers the objective and subjective prerequisites for the labor integration of refugees, taking into account their socio-demographic characteristics and subjective intentions for the future.

The concept of economic integration and its main characteristics

Introduction. The paper discusses the concept of economic integration and its main characteristics. The purpose of the paper is to study the concept of economic integration and its main characteristics. Results. An analysis of the concepts of integration, economic integration, international economic integration, economic diplomacy, categories to determine the essence of international economic integration was carried out. Objective and subjective prerequisites of integration processes and prerequisites for economic integration are determined. The key competitive advantages of the international and European economic integration of Ukraine, which create self-development opportunities for the country's economy, are identified. Conclusions. The concepts of "integration processes", "economic integration" and "economic diplomacy" are defined. It was found that economic diplomacy and economic integration complement each other and are important in creating a favorable environment for economic development and deepening cooperation between countries. Economic diplomacy and the process of integration are important aspects of international relations, as they contribute to the development and strengthening of economic cooperation between countries.

Subjective prerequisites for the manifestation of procrastination in students technical university

Introduction. Modern living conditions require a person to be mobile, have a high level of self-organization, the ability to act quickly in conditions of uncertainty, and be able to competently organize their work. Penetrating into all processes of human life, information technologies cause an increasing severity of the phenomenon of procrastination in the youth environment. The purpose of the study is to study the relationship of procrastination with personal characteristics and methods of self-organization of the activities of students of a technical university. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (N = 114), using diagnostic tools: the questionnaire «Degree of procrastination severity» by M. A. Kiseleva, N. E. Shustova, O.V. Karina, questionnaire «Self-organization of activity» (OSD) E. Yu. Mandrikova, questionnaire «Big Five», BFI-2 R. McCrae, P. Costa. The study used the methods of mathematical statistics: Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, correlation analysis, factorial analysis, Student's t-test. Results. It was revealed that students of a technical university have all indicators of procrastination and selforganization of activity at an average level. Significantly significant differences between boys and girls were found. In the group of girls, the level of procrastination is higher than in the group of men (tcrit=3,6; p=0,01), the level of anxiety is also higher (tcrit=4,2; p=0,01), negative emotionality prevails (tcrit= 5,0; p=0.001), aesthetic sense is more developed (tcrit=3,8; p=0,01). Young men demonstrate higher purposefulness (tcrit=-2,3; p=0,05) and perseverance in achieving goals (tcrit=-2,1; p=0,05). There is a relationship between procrastination, selfregulation of activity and personal characteristics. To a greater extent, the student's procrastination is caused by motivational insufficiency, anxiety and conscientiousness. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was proved that the procrastination of young people is determined by personal characteristics and underdevelopment of skills for self-regulation of activities. In view of the fact that many students are aware of the problem of their procrastination, there is a need for targeted work on the correction and prevention of procrastination.

ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ МИГРАЦИЯ КАК ДЕСТРУКТИВНЫЙ ФАКТОР В ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ

The process of ethnic migration, which has both objective and subjective prerequisites is analyzed. A conclusion is drawn on the causes and consequences of ethnic migration. The analysis of the situation in Russia reveals a direct correlation between the proportion of ethnic migrants in the population and the scale of ethnic crime and interethnic conflicts between migrants and the indigenous population.

Понятие юридических привычек

The article is devoted to the establishment of objective and subjective prerequisites for the manifestation of the legal properties of habits, their influence on legal relations. Terminologically, habits are fixed in domestic legislation only at the level of subordinate regulation as “bad habits”, which are combated at the level of administrative and criminal legislation, where some bad habits are qualifying circumstances of offenses. Legislatively, the content of habits, as variants of repeated behavior, is manifested in a variety of legal customs that are formed and act by virtue of habits.
 The peculiarities of the implementation of habits that contribute to the establishment, change and termination of legal relations are established by conducting a specific sociological study.
 In general, based on the analysis of the current legislation and the practical research conducted by the author, the essential properties and legal signs of habits are derived, the definition of the concept of “legal habits” is formulated, a classification model of legal habits is created.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STUDENT BASED ON LIFE SITUATIONS

The article deals with the issue of personal responsibility as a component of the objective and subjective prerequisites for the desire of people for the common good, goodness. The importance and necessity of studying personal responsibility is determined by linking the low level of internal responsibility with the facts of the January 2022 events in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in accordance with the idea of responsibility as an internal motive.Taking into account that the concept of responsibility is not considered as a subject of domestic pedagogical research, the following conclusions are made aimed at expanding the methodological direction of research: responsibility as the root of spiritual wealth; responsibility as a condition of any social upbringing of a child; responsibility as a property arising from the internal motivation of a person, responsibility as a measure of consciousness, in which each person takes into account their capabilities. It also analyzes and summarizes the pedagogical and methodological aspect of the development of personal responsibility of the student on the basis of independent practical work of students and undergraduates.Emphasizing the importance of life situations as one of the methods of forming student responsibility in the process of performing any cognitive, social functions, a consistent conclusion is made that life situations are the main factor in increasing student responsibility. It also suggests ways to effectively use the social network as a way to increase responsibility.

KYRGYZ NOMADIC ECONOMY IN THE PRE-REWOLUTIONARY PERIOD (ON THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF THE ISSUE)

The article deals with the debatable problems of the Kyrgyz nomadic economy in the prerevolutionary period. In particular, to what type of production does the Kyrgyz nomadic and pastoral economy belong: to small-scale production of the feudal or capitalist type? These problems are among the fundamental ones in the historiography of the economic history of Kyrgyzstan, in terms of determining the objective and subjective prerequisites for the industrial revolution in the region, that is, the Great October Socialist Revolution; the article puts forward a hypothesis about the absence of not only capitalist, but even its rudimentary elements. Consequently, a national working class was not formed as the driving force of the socialist revolution, while the opposite was stated in Soviet historical science. The study applied the method of objectivism, i.e. a theoretical and practical analysis of the reality of the Kyrgyz nomadic society at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries was carried out through the methodological content analysis of the Leninist theory of the development of Russian capitalism in depth and in breadth, since it was Vladimir Lenin who gave a specific methodological analysis of the political and economic state of the Turkestan region, traced the process of development of capitalism in Russia in breadth, and the ways of the decomposition of feudalism in colonially dependent regions, outlined the features of the initial accumulation of capital in the colonies. Also, in the article, to solve the problems posed, a systematic method was applied with the help of which the main stages of the development of Russian capitalism were traced - home crafts or home industry, manufactory, factory stage. As a result, the authors of the article came to the following conclusions: the capitalist way of life in Kyrgyzstan had not developed by the eve of the October Revolution. But, the process of decomposition of patriarchal-feudal relations began, bypassing the stage of development, and the factor of this was the Russian capitalism introduced from the outside, and not the internal forces of the Kyrgyz society and economy; Kyrgyz crafts, i.e. domestic industry, were of a natural, noncommodity nature, which means that the Kyrgyz nomadic economy was not a capitalist type of economy; in view of the absence of a capitalist structure in the Kyrgyz society, the objective and subjective prerequisites for the October Socialist Revolution were not formed.

Computer science and information vision of the world from the standpoint of the principle of materialistic monism

The subject of this study is the problem of the failure of attempts by the scientific community to come to a common understanding of what exactly information can be as something encoded into material structures and moved along with them. At the same time, the following aspects of this problem are considered in detail: what is the immediate cause of the information problem; what are the objective and subjective prerequisites for its appearance; why the unresolved nature of this problem does not interfere with the creation and development of communication systems, control and other "smart" devices; is there any general guideline for finding solutions to such problems, and what is it; what role did the philosophy of information play in turning the problem of information from a private scientific problem into a problem of the ideological level. The main results of the conducted research are as follows: the immediate cause of the information problem has been identified and a comprehensively substantiated solution to this problem has been given; it has been revealed that the incompleteness of the materialistic theory of cognition has become a fertile ground for the appearance of this problem; the circumstances that prevented its completion have been identified; the natural mechanism of control and cognition has been revealed, as a result of which the materialistic theory of cognition has been further developed the source of the ideal in the material world is revealed; it is shown that the mechanistic idea of information coding made the concept of information incompatible with the presence of any objective content; it is revealed what is actually hidden behind the words about information coding and its measurement; the nature of signals and signs is revealed; a kind of bias of the philosophy of information and a general error is revealed all known concepts of information.

Radical democracy, the commons and everyday struggles during the Greek crisis

Set against theoretical and strategic debates about theories of radical democracy, left populism and the commons, this article analyses and evaluates everyday struggles in Greek politics after the global financial crisis. It focusses on the cases of Vio.Me – the first workers’ recuperated factory in Greece – and the Metropolitan Community Clinic at Helliniko, which is the largest social solidarity health clinic in Greece. Viewed from the perspective of commoning practices, the article identifies the logics that sustain the beliefs, values, infrastructures and institutions developed at an everyday grassroots level, finding traces of an incipient radical democratic ethos and rationality at work. The new initiatives highlight crucial and often neglected organisational, prefiguring and subjective prerequisites for radical democracy, while challenging elements of left populist political strategy. Our evolving perspective also problematises their political limitations and strategic dilemmas as they struggle to constitute a viable hegemonic alternative to neoliberal rationalities and governance.

Отношение студентов аграрного университета к удаленной занятости в период пандемии COVID-19

The purpose of the study is to assess students’ attitudes towards remote employment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study considers the objective and subjective prerequisites for the development of remote employment, its advantages and disadvantages in the respondents’ assessments. The information base of the research is based on the results of a pilot survey of students. The sample size is 216 respondents, including 144 urban residents and 66 students who lived in rural areas before entering the agricultural university. The results of the study show that an important advantage of remote work, according to students, is the ability to achieve a balance between work and personal life (52.6%). The disadvantages of the remote format included low chances of promotion (26.6%), limited opportunities for professional development (26.3%) and the inability to concentrate on work while at home (23.4%).

Implementation of Repression Policy in Kirghiz SSR in 1937—1938

The issue of the implementation of repressions against the “Trotskyists”, “Zinovievites”, “Rightists” and other “enemies of the people” living in the Kirghiz SSR in 1937—1938 is examined in the article. Both objective and subjective prerequisites for the punitive activities of the security agencies in the first years of Soviet power are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of scientists and the public in the period of Stalinist repressions, the assessment of these events. The study was carried out on the basis of materials from the archives of the State Committee for National Security. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that these documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In addition, statistics are provided on some categories of repressed in the republic, which are also published for the first time. A rethinking and political assessment of the events of this difficult period is proposed. The repressive activities against the so-called “enemies of the people” in the political aspect are analyzed, since the special services were an instrument of the ruling party and obeyed. The role and place of the security agencies, the mechanism for implementing repressions and illegal methods of conducting investigations based on archival documents of the State Committee for National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic are shown.

Cultural Barries to the Labor Integration of Refugees in Bulgaria

The paper examines the situation in Bulgaria after the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from the Middle East, in terms of their ability to enter the labor market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential and obstacles for the labor integration of refugees and asylum seekers, taking into account the attitude of the Bulgarian society towards this group and its inclusion in the labor market. The proposed analysis uses statistics from the National Statistical Institute, the State Agency for Refugees, data from two nationally representative empirical studies, and interviews with citizens of Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan in the refugee centers. The objective and subjective prerequisites of labor integration of immigrants have been considered - the situation on the labor market, incl. taking into account changes in the age structure of the population in the country, the socio-demographic characteristics of immigrants, their subjective intentions, the attitude of the local population towards them, opinions on equality in the labor market. Particular attention has been paid to the dependence of these attitudes on the perception of threats associated with the presence of immigrants in the country, socio-demographic characteristics, value systems. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that a low educational level, as a rule, accompanied by a lack of any professional skills, combined with a previous life in a completely different material and organizational environment, is a serious problem in the process of adaptation to new material and cultural living conditions, to new standards and behavioral patterns of the host society. In addition, for the majority of immigrants, Bulgaria is not the ultimate goal, but is only a transit corridor to Western and Northern Europe, and they do not intend to build their future in the country. As for the locals and their attitudes towards immigrants, a significant part of the population does not accept them. Discriminatory attitudes are quite common, including employment. But it should be said that over time the sense of threat weakens, and in general, when forming attitudes towards refugees, more and more importance is attached to their social qualities, and not so much to their religious and ethnicity. In this situation, value systems acquire key importance for the formation of a favorable environment that will motivate immigrants to settle, adapt, develop and realize themselves in the Bulgarian society. The general conclusion is that a systematic approach is required, covering all elements and interactions of the system of immigrants - institutions - local population.

Disability, Trust and Special purpose Asset in the Italian Law System

Law 22 June 2016, no. 112 (so-called “after us” Law) substantially introduced the trust in Italy. It was issued with the stated objective of promoting the well-being, full social inclusion, and autonomy of people with disabilities. It is aimed at facilitating, through favorable tax regimes, the establishment of trusts, destination restrictions ex-art. 2645-ter of the Italian Civil Code and special funds governed by a fiduciary entrustment contract. On closer inspection, the “after us” Law, for its systematic contribution well beyond the tax-benefit purposes expressly mentioned, could be considered a first and albeit incomplete trust law, aimed at discouraging the establishment of trusts governed by a foreign law: this, since a large part of the elements indicated in art. 8 Conv. of the Hague so that a specific law can qualify as trust law. Certainly, relevant appear the subjective prerequisites for the application of the law and, in particular, the serious disability not determined by aging or pathologies related to senility and the absence of family support. Attention then focuses on the vexata quaestio of trust’s legal nature and its affinity with the deeds of patrimonial destination ex-art. 2645-ter of the Italian Civil Code, as well as with the fiduciary agreements.

К вопросу о современных проблемах медиации (на примере отношений граждан и банковских служащих).

This article discusses the prospects for the development of mediation practice in the banking sector. The main task of mediation is to develop cultural negotiations. Examples of the effectiveness of mediation as the main path to social stability in this area, to create a conflict-free living environment, the ability to negotiate are given. Mediation is shown as a negotiation process used in complex or conflict situations. Therefore, it can have the widest application. The conflicts that mediators have encountered and have experience working with during mediation are quite extensive. In the socio-economic and political spheres; in the trade and financial sphere, it is possible to single out conflicts typical for other firms or enterprises; there could be conflicts in state administrative institutions similar to those in enterprises. Modern industries are becoming customer-oriented, which means the constant attention of specialists of different professions to human satisfaction. It is shown that alternative methods for resolving disputes can become an effective tool for resolving conflicts in economic circulation. This institute operates in various foreign legal systems. It is assumed that in Russia it will develop. The bank mediation we are considering is a timely and worthy alternative in resolving disputes arising in the field of banking legal relations. In this paper, relations and disputes between banks and their customers - legal entities and individuals concluding loan agreements are examined. This area is very relevant, as one of the real sectors of the economy is involved here - small and medium-sized businesses and individuals, who make up the bulk of borrowers in the banking services market. An analysis of the literature data on the problems and research methods showed that the advantages of mediation are the speed of dispute resolution and the informal nature of its settlement. The question is posed: Who is best suited for the role of mediator in the banking sector? It is shown which risks are important to consider when introducing mediation in the banking sector. Explains why mediation is preferable to litigation. In mediation, work is underway with the emotions of a person, as well as at the level of understanding and adoption of agreed decisions by representations of the dispute by the parties themselves, partnerships and trusts are being established. In order for subjective prerequisites to be fulfilled regarding the implementation of mediation, it is important to increase the level of awareness of people with a banking profession about the possibilities of mediation as an effective tool for resolving disputes.

The study of the subjective prerequisites for a healthy lifestyle in students of educational institutions

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of forming healthy lifestyle skills in students of general educational organizations. The authors proceed from the recognition of the leading role of a healthy lifestyle in the system of factors affecting human health, as well as from the requirements of the Federal state educational standards for personal educational results in the field of preservation and promotion of health. This study is devoted to an integrated assessment of the subjective prerequisites for a healthy lifestyle in students of general educational organizations. The article presents the results of a survey of students regarding their relationship to a healthy lifestyle in dynamics over a three-year period. The statistical data on the subjective prerequisites of a healthy lifestyle — ideas, motivation, behavior, which together determine the attitude to a healthy lifestyle as an integral phenomenon, is analyzed. The authors emphasize the interconnection and mutual influence of the subjective prerequisites of healthy lifestyle on the formation of sustainable habits of health-preserving behavior. The method of comparative analysis revealed the contradictions between knowledge and motivation, knowledge and behavior, motivation and behavior. The subjective psychological prerequisites for a healthy lifestyle are not consistent and contradict each other, which negatively affects the formation of healthy lifestyle habits. The ideas about the requirements of a healthy lifestyle are largely socially desirable and reflect the cognitive patterns of a healthy lifestyle transmitted in the sociocultural environment of children. The value of one’s own health is not realized and is not lived, and, as a result, understanding the importance of health and a healthy lifestyle does not contribute to the consolidation of conscious, focused and sustainable health-preserving behavior.

Влияние стратегической инициативы Китайской Народной Республики «Один пояс, один путь» на социально-экономическое развитие Российской Федерации

The aim of the study is to identify objective and subjective prerequisites, as well as the consequences of the participation of the Russian Federation in the implementation of the Chinese strategic initiative “One Belt, One Road”. During the study, we set and solved the following tasks: analyzed the stages of formation and implementation of the strategic initiative in the period from 2013 to the present; studied the impact of the Silk Road Economic Belt project on the dynamics of indicators of the development of the Chinese economy; identified the main directions for the development of Russian–Chinese foreign economic relations, as well as the advantages and threats of the project implementation for the Russian economy. The multidimensional nature of the problem predetermined the need to use the provisions of theories of the world economy, state regulation of the economy, theories of international trade and international economic relations. In order to achieve its objectives, the study used a systematic approach, which made it possible to consider the strategic initiative of the People's Republic of China “One Belt, One Road” as a result of realizing the absolute and relative advantages of the participating countries and determine the nature of its impact on the dynamics of their economic development. The study concluded that the absolute and relative advantages of the Russian economy, historical and cultural factors, as well as the leading role of the Russian Federation in integration processes and in maintaining regional security within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, are among the prerequisites for the participation of the Russian Federation in the implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” strategic initiative. The analysis showed that the prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China within the framework of the strategic initiative “One Belt, One Road” are due to the predicted steady growth rate of domestic aggregate demand and supply, as well as the development of policy documents aimed at the formation of effective institutions that regulate integration processes.

РАСШИРЕНИЕ ПРАКТИКИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОЙ ЗАНЯТОСТИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ, РЕШЕНИЯ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The object of the research is the modern domestic labor market. The aim of the work is to determine the prospects for distance employment considering overcoming potential risks and threats. The methods employed are statistical analysis, analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the results of sociological research and Internet sources. The study result shows the change in the structure of employment due to emerging and fast distribution of its non-standard forms, specific to the information and post-industrial society. The authors proved that this process has both pronounced positive consequences (first of all, an increase in employment efficiency) and negative (instability of employment, precarization of the able-bodied economically active population, etc.). The authors highlight the current features of the modern Russian labor market, which determine distributing of distance employment and show that advanced distance employment is based on a simultaneous change in communication technologies and motivations of professional and labor behavior of the population. The conclusion is that the development of distance employment is determined by a complex of factors, including not only technological, but also economic, social, psychological, institutional ones. To expand distance employment, both objective (state of the economy) and subjective (attitude of employers) prerequisites. The study results may be of use for managing labor resources and the labor market in general, considering overcoming potential risks and threats, as well as based on the most promising forms of employment in modern conditions.

Класическо и иновативно в литературнообразователното поле в края на основната образователна степен (в 7.кл.)

The development presents ideas for the implementation of a full-fledged literary education discourse in 7th grade - the class with which the basic educational degree is completed. The considered objective and subjective prerequisites for what is happening in the contemporary literary education field, supported by current scientific assumptions for the interpretation of the literary text, justify the necessity of reconciling the "closed" and "open" reading of the text in the basic educational level. The illustrated uninterrupted dialogue between classical literary texts, the fruit of the many meanings they generate – as timeless and universal as they are today, affirms the thesis that when the approach provokes the curiosity of seventh-graders, they "read".

РЕПРЕССИИ В КРАСНОЙ АРМИИ. КАК ЭТО ПРОИСХОДИЛО В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ

The purpose of the article is to determine its scientific significance and to clarify both objective and subjective prerequisites for punitive activities of security agencies in relation to military personnel. This article analyzes the political repression against the Kyrgyz military leaders in 1936-1938. on the basis of new archival materials of GKNB KR and the latest publications in Russia.

The «Black Swans» of new liberalism

The term «Black Swan», which is metaphorically used by the modern American scientist Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his theoretical research, means inexplicable randomness of events, their predictability and unpredictability for the expert, but the consequences of which are of great importance. In other words, these are important accidents that, according to N. Taleb, affect the result of the experiment and the course of history. In the Russian state there were many global events, each of which could be described as a «Black Swan». The article analyzes only two of them, which have occurred in modern history and have led to disastrous consequences for both Russia and the world, through the prism of the methodology of historical development and political discourse. The political and ideological platform of these events were the ideas of liberalism, the embodiment of which caused unforeseen, stochastic consequences, which became the object of this study. The author substantiates the conclusion that the intellectual part of the Russian society in the development of new concepts of political and state structure was guided by speculative theories and implemented mental schemes in the absence of real objective and subjective prerequisites, turning these processes into socio-political experiments. In the field of practical policy, according to the author, special attention should be paid to the factor of personal responsibility of actors in the development of political strategy and tactical decision-making.