Speech Style Research Articles

Семантика й прагматика фемінітивів жіночка, жінка в українській лінгвокультурі (синхронно-діахронний аспект)

The material of the study was a post on the official page of the writer Serhiy Zhadan on the Facebook social network dated 03.07.2022 and comments to it, which present a heated and intense discussion about the semantic and pragmatic interpretation of feminitives during the latest linguistic feminization of the Ukrainian language and the active development of Gender linguistics, in particular within the focus of linguoaxiology. Lexicographic sources were involved: dictionaries of feminitives and explanatory dictionaries, in particular the newest ones, as well as lexicons of the language of writers (Ivan Kotlyarevsky, Taras Shevchenko, Hryhoriy Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, Ivan Franko), which made it possible to update not only synchronic, but also diachronic language segments. The Ukrainian lexeme жіночка (plural жіночки) can be placed on the evaluative scale at the “zero” mark (a neutral value in terms of expressing evaluative meanings, in particular in the function of addressing in a conversational style of speech) and slide in the direction of the (+) or (–) vector, which depends on the individual communicative experience and competences of the speaker and proves the analysis of the selected discussion. Clarification of the semantic-pragmatic load is carried out thanks to the appropriate connectivity. For the lexeme жіночка, the positive evaluative conjugation dominates in the linguistic and cultural space of Ukraine, which is characterized by an intimate tonality and makes it possible to soften the modeling of the negative intentions of the speaker.

An Exploration of Voice Quality in Mothers Speaking Canadian English to Infants

ABSTRACT Research on the acoustic characteristics of Infant Directed Speech (IDS) in North American English indicates that it is generally higher-pitched than Adult Directed Speech (ADS) and has unique prosodic characteristics, which is commonly found across many spoken languages. However, very little research has addressed another important aspect of prosody: voice quality. In the current study, 25 English-speaking mothers from Canada were recorded speaking to their infant children and to an adult peer. Five acoustic measures of voice quality, including glottal constriction, spectral tilt, Harmonic-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), and Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP), were analyzed. Only CPP, a measure of the breathiness of a speaker’s voice, and corrected H1-A2, a measure of vocal creakiness, were found to be significantly different between the IDS and ADS registers. Sociolinguistic research identifies voice quality as a key indicator of speech style and persona; we connect the pattern of breathiness in IDS to a possible “parental persona” that builds on the affective intent of IDS (rather than the pedagogical intent), with suggestions for future research.

An In-depth Analysis of Speech Styles in English language

This study examines the role of speech style in learning English among students. This research is research using a qualitative approach. The population in this study is an X-class student of AT-tawazun Kalijati Subang's MA. Interviews and random sampling techniques are used for sample-taking. The results of the study show that the influence of the student's speaking style in learning English affects the level of English skills of students. Some aspects that affect the student's speech style are the daily activities of the student, such as speaking English in theys spare time. Classes that encourage learning are also effective.

Navigating the Audience: Trump’s Persona Management Processes Across Political Contexts

Speakers can project different personae when engaging in stylistic practices, which can be characterised by a consistent or variable use of linguistic features. This becomes relevant when addressing how politicians attempt to position themselves in communicative interactions through their use of language. The present study takes a third wave approach to the analysis of Donald Trump’s sociolinguistic behaviour across various speech events by focusing on the indexical mutability of PRICE/PRIZE and R-Dropping. The results evidence intra-speaker variation in Trump’s populist speech style used for interactional and political purposes in that he alters his use of + mainstream and non-mainstream forms as he operates across speech events. Thus, Trump exhibits a different sociolinguistic performance across different contexts, where he also takes a different approach towards the management and projection of his public persona, and therefore, transmits different social meanings through his language use. The results further suggest that the context, format and audience of the political event and the social meanings indexed by the selected linguistic features are what condition Trump’s sociolinguistic behaviour. We conclude that Trump’s speech style is characterised by the meaningful choices he makes about the linguistic resource to be used in a specific context and its corresponding social meaning.

Erratological approach to teaching complex sentences to a foreign audience

Importance. Teaching foreign students of engineering and technical profile to complex specific text-forming structures of scientific style of speech is a laborious process. The identification of the causes and mechanisms of the occurrence of the errors noted in the structure of a complex sentence, their analysis (identification, elimination, correction) facilitates the process of studying these important grammatical units. The purpose of the research is to develop a new approach (erratological) to the study of a complex sentence based on error analysis. Its structural and meaningful description is proposed. Materials and methods. The study is conducted on the basis of the Military Institute (Engineering and Technical) Military Academy of Logistics named after Army General A.V. Khrulev. The research material шs a corpus of “negative material” obtained as a result of an experimental study of the speech of engineering students. The corpus of violations in a complex sentence formed the basis of the approach we developed, called the “erratological approach”. This study is also based on the analysis and generalization of scientific works on erratology.Results and Discussion. An erratological approach to the study of complex structures of the scientific style of speech has been developed, including six main interrelated stages – the selection of grammatical material, the organization of grammatical material (its logical arrangement), the introduction of grammatical material (presentation in classes in the language of the specialty), training, practice, control, which allow you to form not only Russian-speaking professional competencies, but also skills for all types of speech activity.Conclusion. The use of an erratological approach, namely complex work with one’s own mistakes in the classroom, will ensure the student’s undoubted interest in learning a new language, will contribute to the intensification of the educational process, enrich it with new technologies, teaching methods, a new system of tasks, will form both linguistic and professional competence.

Central Asia in Russian descriptions of the 18<sup>th</sup> century: On an anonymous note from the non-church calendar of the Enlightenment Era

There is a lot of interest in travelogue in the research environment today. Russian oriental travelogues, associated with the Central Asian region, have not been studied sufficiently before, besides a certain number of substantive works primarily of a historiographical nature. A special body of problems here is related to the origins of the Russian Central Asian travelogue formation as a genre structure. One of the texts, related to the “origins of the genre” and taken for consideration in this article, is a note by an anonymous author-compiler entitled “News of Bukharia”, published in the “Monthly Historical and Geographical Dictionary for 1779” (St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences). The article is a kind of commentary on this note. We characterize the journal in which it was presented – the printed secular calendar of the 18th century, it differs from the religious ones. The article determines historical, cultural, landscape and geographical realities, reflected in it, and identifies the ideological position of the compiler in the context of the eastern imperial policy of those years. We cautiously assume that when writing the text, the author could use materials on Central Asia from Western sources. There is no literary element as such in the described note. This is not a travelogue in the exact meaning of the term, but a concise informative essay on a regional topic, in which, however, there is no strategy for an objective scientific narrative (“pure curiosity”). We can clearly see the journalistic (state) ideologems of its era, combining the economic aspirations of Russia and its geopolitical attitudes (it is significant that in the note the reader he does not even find any ethnographic images of Central Asian people, their portraits, morals and everyday habits). At the same time, the text of the “News of Bukharia” includes separate general literary components– strict composition, laconism of speech style and logical sequence. The text is important as an early stage in the formation of a scientific and artistic Central Asia modus, as a phenomenon of “documentary literature”, not “fictional literature”.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN TIMBRE AND SYNTAX

The article is devoted to the question of the relationship between timbre and syntax in different functional styles of speech. The methodological basis for investigating the mutual influence of syntax (the level of conditioned constructions) and timbre (the level of inductive wholeness) is selected and explained. When considering the notion of “intentionality” within the framework of the direction of phenomenology, it becomes obvious that timbre should be understood as a hierarchy of communication elements, which creates the desired sound taking into account the invariants already available in consciousness. The timbre forms not only direct, syntactic links, but also expressive components contained in both the structure and semantics of the parts of a particular speech work. In order to create convenience and maximum objectivity of analysis when describing syntactic features of works of various functional styles, a specific range of consideration is set within the framework of this study - from the level of simple morphological relations to the level of hypertext unities. The field of analysis is represented as a simple target, where the core is the zone of well-known standardized types of syntactic links, zone-2 is the space of links existing in the form of visible repetitions (anaphora, epiphora, refrain, syntactic repetitions), zone-3 is the zone of links of all existing linking elements within the text, which is difficult to interpret objectively (links fixed by ritual). The final part of this study presents an example of analyzing a poetic text in English and its translation into Russian in order to demonstrate the close relationship between syntax and timbre at different levels of the hierarchy.

Toward an explanation of speech style

Abstract The study focuses on the formulation of ideas as a contribution to the explanatory theory of speech style. Ideas relate to the ontological basis of style, the fundamental role of sociocultural meanings, the rationality of stylistic knowledge, and the deep motivation of stylistically relevant linguistic behavior and action in social interaction. The author approaches style from a holistic position based on the belief that speech style is integrated into the ways of human activity as a whole controlled by a pragmatic subject. In the center of attention is the subject of style, who discovered sociocultural meanings tied to the ways of activities, developed the ability of stylistic adaptation to current conditions of social interaction, and learned to deal with stylistic knowledge with appropriate rationality in communication practice. The author also answers the question of what laws and principles underlie the existence of style, its subject and stylistic behavior and actions.

Problematika Akhlak Peserta Didik dalam Mengikuti Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam

The morals of students can be influenced by the surrounding environment. Local culture can also play an important role in shaping children's behavior and morals. Because a person's morals can be influenced by local cultural, environmental, and educational factors. It is important to understand and appreciate this diversity in an effort to improve character education throughout the region. In some areas such as the Pagar Alam area as we know the people in this area are very known for their friendliness even though the tone of speech in the Sumatra area is known for a speech style that sounds harsh if heard by others but in fact it is not. The purpose of this study is to know the moral problems of students when participating in the learning process and to know solutions in overcoming the moral problems of students in following the learning process of Islamic Religious Education. This kind of research. Qualitative research The approach used by researchers is a qualitative descriptive approach Data collection techniques used and to support the author's research data using interview guidelines, observation guidelines and documentation. There are students who do not want to be reprimanded or given directions, so the teacher will not force the child but the teacher there will still do or give punishment if the student violates the rules.

Towards Sustainable Practices of Diversity and Inclusion of SOGIESC in Japanese Language Education & Japanese Studies

ABSTRACT Research into Japanese language education and the intersections of gender and sexuality has demonstrated the importance of critiquing heteronormative biases in teaching materials and resources. We propose that collaborative approaches which decentre regimental heteronormative understandings of the Japanese language and which facilitate inclusivity and affirmation of sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) are crucial to sustainable practices in Japanese language education at all levels. Adopting a critical reflexive stance, we first trace the community advocacy which has resulted in changes to representations of sexual identities in Japanese dictionaries. We next critically examine Japanese language education materials which are used across a diversity of locales before offering some practical ways in which small changes can be made to ensure greater inclusion and affirmation of SOGIESC in local learning environments. Further, we discuss the importance of developing metalinguistic awareness in relation to gendered speech styles and language ideologies. We argue that collaboration and co-construction are fundamental to sustainable practices which learn from histories of advocacy and research, are responsive to shifts in Japanese society and culture, and adaptable to a diversity of learning environments.

Optimization-based planning of speech articulation using general Tau Theory

This paper presents a model of speech articulation planning and generation based on General Tau Theory and Optimal Control Theory. Because General Tau Theory assumes that articulatory targets are always reached, the model accounts for speech variation via context-dependent articulatory targets. Targets are chosen via the optimization of a composite objective function. This function models three different task requirements: maximal intelligibility, minimal articulatory effort and minimal utterance duration. The paper shows that systematic phonetic variability can be reproduced by adjusting the weights assigned to each task requirement. Weights can be adjusted globally to simulate different speech styles, and can be adjusted locally to simulate different levels of prosodic prominence. The solution of the optimization procedure contains Tau equation parameter values for each articulatory movement, namely position of the articulator at the movement offset, movement duration, and a parameter which relates to the shape of the movement’s velocity profile. The paper presents simulations which illustrate the ability of the model to predict or reproduce several well-known characteristics of speech. These phenomena include close-to-symmetric velocity profiles for articulatory movement, variation related to speech rate, centralization of unstressed vowels, lengthening of stressed vowels, lenition of unstressed lingual stop consonants, and coarticulation of stop consonants.

ЕФЕКТИВНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДЛЯ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ НАУКОВОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ

The article discusses the main strategies for improving scientific communication in English. It has been determined that the process of obtaining a university education includes educational and research components. The educational component includes the formation of English-language academic competence, the research component requires mastery of a scientific style of speech, since the essence of scientific communication in English is the exchange of information between a group of people united by common ideas and interests. In addition, it has been determined that effective formation of scientific communication in English for students is possible if a systematic approach to learning a foreign language is implemented. Formal (scientific publications and dissertation defenses) and informal communication in a virtual environment (conversations of scientists, speeches at conferences, electronic correspondence, other forms of computer communication) have been considered. Various aspects of scientific communication have been analyzed. It has been found that effective scientific communication requires an understanding of the audience (interacting with different groups, such as scientists, students, the public, politicians and financial partners, requires adapting the communication approach to their unique interests, technical level and perception of information), creating active interaction (creating forums for discussion where scientists and the audience can exchange ideas, questions and answers), using simple and understandable speech (avoiding complex terms and technical vocabulary, using analogies, definitions), using visual aids (interactive presentations, videos, graphics), use of modern technologies (social networks Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn, websites and multimedia tools). Based on the analysis, the conclusions have been drawn that effective scientific communication is possible if the right strategies and tools are used. We see the study of scientific communication as a component of scientific and pedagogical activity as a perspective for further exploration.

ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИЙ ДИСКУРС І ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИЙ ТЕКСТ: ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПОНЯТЬ В АСПЕКТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО СИНТАКСИСУ

In this work were established parameters of official-business discourse and official-business text, the functions of the addressee and the addressee, the relationship between them are defined. The general development of linguistics contributes to changes in modern business administration. That is why today one of the important linguistic problems is the research of the syntax of the official business style. Text is an abstract formal construction of certain grammatical models, and official business discourse is various types of actualization of this construction within the limits of extralinguistic factors. The main communicators of the official business text and official business discourse are the addressee and the addressee. Discourse is a situational communication using text due to the desire of the addressee to convey the necessary information to the addressee. Official business text is a means of conveying business and professional information. The texts of the official business style of speech contain information about the facts and phenomena of social life in the evaluative, legal and professional plane. The social direction of the official business text and discourse brings them closer together, assimilates them: the text of a business paper conveys and explains the real state of affairs in accordance with the specific moment of speech and can be interpreted as an official business discourse. Through official business discourse and official business text, business communication is carried out: transmission (oral or written) of official information by the addressee for the purpose of its perception, analysis, preservation and possibility of external use by the addressee. The main features of official business discourse are shared with the features of official business text and official business style. These are brevity, compactness (conciseness) of the presentation of information, specificity, clarity, accuracy (unambiguity), clarity (accessibility), minimal use of linguistic means and standardization of the content of what is said, completeness of content and objectivity (impartiality). The concepts of language business discourse and official business text have the following common features: social orientation, influence of non-linguistic factors, in particular innovations, in the spheres of political, scientific, technical and national human life (situational aspect). The use of different types of speech in business papers: narration (autobiography, report), reflection (various types of business letters), description (resolution, order, act, etc.) - emphasizes the stylistic multifunctionality of official business discourse in general.

Pairing in-vehicle intelligent agents with different levels of automation: implications from driver attitudes, cognition, and behaviors in automated vehicles

ABSTRACT In-vehicle intelligent agents (IVIAs) have been developed to improve user experience in autonomous vehicles. Yet, the impact of the automation system on driver behavior and perception toward IVIAs is unclear. In this study, we conducted three experiments with 73 participants in a driving simulator to examine how automation system parameters (the level of automation system and IVIA features) influence driver attitudes, cognition, and behaviors when driving or riding in a simulated vehicle. We focused on subjective evaluations of driver-agent interaction and driver trust toward IVIAs to assess driver attitudes, driver situation awareness, and visual distraction to capture their cognition, and their driving performance to understand their behaviors. Our results show that the level of automation system affects drivers’ attitudes toward agent capabilities (e.g. perceived intelligence). Embodiment benefits are more pronounced with Level 5 systems, while speech style, in general, is more influential in determining affective aspects of user attitudes (e.g. Warmth, Likability). As the level of automation increases, drivers engage in more visual distractions. In addition, conversational speech style in general encouraged safer driving behaviors indicated by more stable lateral control under lower levels of automation. Our findings uncover the path of how system parameters affect driver behaviors through system evaluation and trust in agents. These findings have important implications for the development of cohesive user experiences in future transportation systems.

A place to speak and be heard? Parliamentary speech and media attention in Estonia, 2011–2019

AbstractWhile existing studies have addressed the importance of political profile for media visibility, far fewer works have examined how speaking in parliament is associated with media attention—an important mechanism in reaching out to voters. This paper tests how the amount and particularly the style of parliamentary speech are related to media attention. We employ a unique data set that covers all parliamentary transcripts for the 2011–2015 and 2015–2019 parliamentary terms in Estonia and online media content from that period (~ 2.7 million news articles). We assume that MPs can use parliamentary speech as a tool to foster personal attention. First, the results show that MPs who speak in parliament receive more media attention than those who do not, and speaking more means more media visibility. Second, the media pays more attention to rank‐and‐file MPs who use more negative, complex language and more singular and plural first‐person pronouns.

Effects of Speech Cues on Acoustics and Intelligibility of Korean-Speaking Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Reduced speech intelligibility is often a hallmark of children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP), but effects of speech strategies for increasing intelligibility are understudied, especially in children who speak languages other than English. This study examined the effects of (the Korean translation of) two cues, "speak with your big mouth" and "speak with your strong voice," on speech acoustics and intelligibility of Korean-speaking children with CP. Fifteen Korean-speaking children with CP repeated words and sentences in habitual, big mouth, and strong voice conditions. Acoustic analyses were performed and intelligibility was assessed by means of 90 blinded listeners' ease-of-understanding (EoU) ratings and percentage of words correctly transcribed (PWC). In response to both cues, children's vocal intensity and utterance duration increased significantly and differentially, whereas their vowel space area gains did not reach statistical significance. EoU increased significantly in the big mouth condition at word, but not sentence, level, whereas in the strong voice condition, EoU increased significantly at both levels. PWC increases were not statistically significant. Considerable variability in children's responses to cues was noted overall. Korean-speaking children with CP modify their speech styles differentially when provided with cues aimed to increase their articulatory working space and vocal intensity. The results provide preliminary support for the use of the strong voice cue, in particular, to increase EoU. While the findings do not offer conclusive evidence of the intelligibility benefits of these cues, investigation with a larger sample size should provide further insight into optimal cueing strategies for increasing intelligibility in this population. Implications for language-specific versus language-independent treatment approaches are discussed. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25521052.

Language Style Found in Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio Movie (2022)

This research, entitled " Language Style Found in Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio Movie", aims to analyze the language styles and the factors contributing to the variance in the characters' speech styles within the film. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, where data was collected through a thorough analysis of the movie, a meticulous examination of the movie script, and the subsequent identification of language styles and factors based on the characters' dialogues. The analysis is framed within Joos's (1967) theory of language styles and Holmes's (2013) theory of language factors. These styles are noticeable based on speaker context, formality, audience, and conversation setting. The research findings highlight the use of five distinct language styles - frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate - in the characters' dialogues. A variety of factors, such as the participants in the conversation, the setting, the subject matter, and the function of the dialogue, influenced these styles. Furthermore, the predominant language style in the movie is casual, comprising fifteen instances, while the frozen style is represented by only one occurrence. This research thus offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between language style and its influencing factors within the realm of film dialogue.

Формирование научного стиля русской речи у иностранных учащихся на занятиях по физике

Currently, the number of foreign students at Russian universities is increasing. Some of them have been studying in Russian since the first year. At the preparatory department of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, students study Russian, physics, chemistry, biology. At the physics department, students not only repeat the school physics course, but also form a scientific style of Russian speech. Learning without the use of an intermediary language stimulates the development of communication. While studying at the preparatory department, students gradually move from physical terms to scientific formulations. The article discusses some methodological techniques for teaching physics in Russian to foreign students of the preparatory department.

MICROHISTORICAL STUDIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF RESIDENTS OF THE SAIRAM REGION

In the article, the microhistory of Sairam district is recognized from a new angle, taking as an example. At the same time, an overview of the development of the direction of microhistory is given, giving an understanding of the concept of microhistory. In this context, the views of Italian scientists K. Poni, E. Grandi, J. Levy on the formation of microhistory were analyzed. Researchers of Kazakhstan Abdrakhmanova K.K., Bisembayeva L.A. and other collective studies are reviewed by the method of microhistory. In the course of the article, a general description of Sairam's life at the beginning of the last century was given. In this context, the researches of historian-professor S. Zholdasov were put forward. Famous scientist J. Levi's questions from his sources, starting from demographic indicators, family structures and relations, land-related operations, the demographic situation and population composition, tribal composition, land-related relations in Sairam district were comparatively noted. Due to the lack of tax standards in the land tax policy of the Soviet government in Sairam, there was a mass protest of small people, that is, peasants. As a result, riots and even rampage took place. In the article, as an archival source, the information of the Turkestan department of the "Imperial Russian-Geographical Society" about the population list and composition of the population of Shymkent uyezd in 1922 is given. Opinions were also raised about the names of Karabulak and Mankent settlements in Sairam district. Analyzes were also made on how the different ethnic groups who lived in these settlements tried to distinguish themselves and preserve their peculiarities. A comparative evaluation of the speech style of Karabulak and Mankent Uzbek ethnic groups compared to Tashkent Uzbeks and their sound phonemes is given.

Wearing face masks in different speech styles during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A study of Thai L2 English learners

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 epidemic, the effect of mask wearing on communication has been questioned and explored. However, the study on the impact of face mask wearing on L2 speech is still limited. The main goal of the present study was to explore the extent to which face masks affect interlocutors’ L2 speech perception. Factors that varied were face mask (no mask, transparent mask, and disposable face mask), presentation mode (audio only vs. audiovisual), and speaking style (conversational vs. clear). The relationship between these three variables on the L2 processing was also investigated. Fifty‐three Thai undergraduates who were L2 learners of English participated in an Internet‐based perceptual task. They listened to 60 English sentences and typed the sentences they heard over an online form. The results showed that the participants did well when the L2 communication was in clear speech regardless of type of face mask and presentation mode. The improvement of the L2 perception of clear speech occurred even when the speaker produced sentences with disposable face mask as opposed to conversational speech suggesting that clear speech could enhance intelligibility in communication. As expected, the perceptual score was the lowest when the speech was in audio‐only mode with conversational style and disposable face mask. These results suggest that in L2 classroom contexts, speaking clearly could lessen the negative effects of the face mask and unavailability of visual information of the speaker.