State Register Of Plant Varieties Research Articles

Economic and biological characteristics and productivity analysis of sunflower hybrids

Evaluation of the biological characteristics of sunflower hybrids and their potential to improve the qualities of the plant under study that are useful for agricultural development is considered relevant. The research aims to carefully and in-depth evaluate the biological characteristics of sunflower hybrids to obtain information on the possibility of improving the qualities of the plant under study that is useful for agricultural development. During the experiment, the properties of such sunflower hybrids as Ukrainian F1 (control sample), P62LL109 Pioneer (Classic), LG5377 (Limagrain), ES Bella (Euralis Semans) and NK Rocky (Syngenta) were investigated. Each of these plants is listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. The methods used in this research work include the production method, weighing and measuring, visual, laboratory and chemical, and mathematical. It was determined that the best indicators of productivity and economic characteristics are observed in three hybrid species, namely Ukrainian F1 (the best morphological characteristics, the highest weight of 1000 seeds, and hulling level), NK Rocky (Syngenta) (the highest percentage of fat and oil yield per 1 ha) and P62LL109 (Pioneer) (the highest weight of seeds per basket and bulk weight, the lowest hulling level, the highest yield). This may be useful for agricultural enterprises that may be interested in growing new sunflower hybrids with improved productivity and economic characteristics. The results of the study may become an impetus for further research of existing and creation of new sunflower hybrids that will be most useful for agricultural development

CULTIVATION OF EARLY SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN THE CONTEXT OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

72 early soybean varieties are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2022, which is 25% of the total number of all soybean maturity groups. The growing season of all early soybean varieties comprises 86–105 days. Elena has the shortest growing season in the group – 87 days; Deni comes next as it requires 89 days to grow; it is followed by Avanturine and Sprytna the growing of which takes 94 days. Zhakhidka, ES Mentor, Opus, Maxus, ES Favour, Pallada, ES Director, AAC Invest 1605, and Oriana have the longest growing seasons and namely – 105 days. The highest-yielding early soybean varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2022 are Estafeta and Sprytna – 3.70 t/ha. Pallada is their runner-up with a yield of 3.67 t/ha followed by Khvylia and Elena – 3.40 t/ha. Varieties with the highest protein content are Opus – 46.0%, AAC Invest – 44.5%, Sultana – 43.5% and ES Gladiator – 43.0%. As for fat, Almaz – 25.5% and Anthracite – 25.0% are leading. The most drought-resistant varieties include Pysanka, Bisser, Estafeta, Alinda, Avanturine, Balaton, Algiz, and ES Favour. The vast majority of soybean varieties are highly resistant to disease, except for Gallek, Opus, and Vilshanka. Varieties with the highest level of resistance to shedding include SVH16T00S2, Pysanka, Bisser, Symphony, Angelica, Estafeta, Sprytna, Phoenix, Alligator, Triad, Alinda, Muse, Ariadna, Avanturine, Furio, Etudes, Pallada. Such varieties as Pysanka, Bisser, Znakhidka, Angelica, Hoverla, Estafeta, Sprytna, ES Mentor, Alligator, Maxus, Sultana, Triad, Alinda, Avanturine, Furio, ES Gladiator, ES Albator, ES Governor, GL Melany, Adessa, Ambella, Raidho have the highest resistance to lodging. Varieties with the maximum lower beans attachment are NS Maximus – 22 cm, Znakhidka, Maxus, Sultana, Perlyna, and Oriana – 16 cm each. The above-listed varieties have higher productivity, better crop quality and agroecological properties, they are more sustainable and adaptable for harvesting.

Advanced correlation analysis of the performance of pea varieties

Aim. The question of the identity or difference of both the matrices of characteristics of different accessions and the matrices of their correlation coefficients and path coefficients is important. We carried out a comparative analysis of correlation matrices and matrices of path coefficients between productivity and its components for pea varieties bred by the Institute of Plant Production na V.Ya. Yuryev National Academy of Sciences (Ukraine) in 2002-2018.
 Materials and methods. The field trials were carried out in the years 2014-2016 in the scientific crop rotation of the Institute of Plant Production na V.Ya. Yuryev (PPI) in the Kharkiv region. 14 varieties of peas own breeding of PPI and included in the State Register of Plant Varieties which are suitable for distribution in the Ukraine were used as research material.
 The path correlation coefficients were calculated in accordance with the description of Dewey and Lu. The Spearman's rank coefficient sensu Rao G. Nageswara was used for the assessment of the series identity of both genotypic and path coefficients. The table of critical values of Spearman's coefficient was used for the assessment of significance.
 Result and discussion. Highly reliable genotypic correlation coefficients with strong association were recorded for the trait "number of seeds per plant": 10 out of 14 varieties. To determine the consistency of the correlation matrix for the researched varieties, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated. Reliable values of Spearman's coefficients were found for 66 pairs of comparisons out of a total of 182. All the Spearman's correlation coefficients for the matrix of varieties in Hajduk were low and not significant.
 There was no unidirectional influence of any trait on productivity in the analysis of direct and indirect effect indicators for the varieties in the sample. Only the trait "number of seeds per plant" had the highest positive values of direct effect. In other cases, differences in the productivity of the varieties studied are confirmed by both positive and negative high values of direct effects.
 Spearman's correlation coefficients, calculated to determine agreement between path coefficient correlation matrices for varieties in the sample, were significant in only 16 pairwise comparisons (for direct and indirect effects) of the total calculated. Spearman's correlation coefficients for direct effects ranged from rs = 0.92 to rs = -0.78 and for indirect effects from rs = 0.82 to rs = -0.70 in pairwise comparisons.
 Thus, differences in the strength and direction of the relationships between the characteristic matrices of the samples can be assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.
 The differences in the characteristics determining the direct effects between our results and those of the cited publications can be explained both by the different genetic nature of the research objects and by the influence of meteorological conditions during the growth period and plant cultivation technologies. Note that most researchers tend to correlate morphological traits in aggregated samples. This leads to a generalised description of the relationship without the need for individualisation.
 Conclusions. Correlation coefficients, path analysis and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients allow determination not only of the general trend of interaction between traits in the population, but also of the significance of differences between genotypes.

Features of obtaining an aseptic culture of Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb.

The purpose of the presented article is to establish the features of obtaining an aseptic culture of regenerants of Prunus dulcis in vitro. Since the impact of climate change is becoming increasingly large-scale in Ukraine, one of the urgent problems that hinders humanity, both in terms of agro-ecology and food, is the need to diversify traditional agriculture. Mydal is one of the valuable promising nut crops in Ukraine, thanks to which it is possible to diversify the climatic risks listed above. The varieties of domestic selection were taken for experiments, since foreign selection with low winter resistance and a long growing season are not suitable for our zone. Four intensive new varieties of almonds E5 Borozan, M41 Alex, Georgia, Louise, which were bred by breeder V.M. Babanskyi and entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties, and allowed in Ukraine for cultivation. One of the reliable methods of reproduction is microclonal reproduction, with the help of which it is possible to quickly obtain high-quality, disease-free planting material. Therefore, for the production of planting material, modern nurseries are switching to biotechnological methods. It was established that the preparation of explant donors reduces the number of primary explants that released phenolic substances. In addition to the preparation of donors, nutrients, which were present in different amounts in nutrient media with different composition, had a significant impact. The fewest explants with phenol-like exudate were on NAM and NRM media.Common to these two environments is a relatively low content of nitrogen in both ammonium and nitrate forms, and the DKW environment contains the highest amount of sulfur. The release of phenol-like exudate also depended on the biological characteristics of almond varieties. The highest number of primary explants was in the high-growing variety E5 Borozan, and the least in the variety Louise with medium growth intensity. Depending on the variety, 81–91 % were free from contaminants in the depository, while 59–70 % were in control. Morphogenic and at the same time without signs of contamination were found from 69 % among the explants of the Louise variety and up to 73 % of the E5 Borozan variety, compared to 35 and 51 %, respectively, in the control. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the influence of the time of isolation of the primary explants and the features of the interaction of the plant and its surrounding microbiota in different seasons are different. This is manifested in the features of contamination by these objects of primary explants and, accordingly, the success of decontamination (E1) and the appearance of microbiological contamination on the nutrient medium. Key words: microclonal propagation, nut crops, multiplication, morphogenesis, contaminants, decontamination.

Formation of varietal resources of winter wheat

The article highlights the specifcs of the formation of varietal resources of winter wheat in Ukraine. It is shown that the creation of new varieties is a long, laborious and expensive material and intellectual process. The scheme of the selection process of winter wheat is complex and includes at least 12 stages, during which various selection methods are used. Breeding work to create one variety takes 6–12 years. Analysis of the structure of the State Register of Plant Varieties Allowed for Distribution in Ukraine revealed that as of 2022, 661 varieties of winter wheat were entered into the Register, including 470 varieties of Ukrainian selection, which is 71.1 % of their total number. Over the past fve years, the number of winter wheat varieties in the Register of Plant Varieties has increased 1.7 times, from 273 in 2017 to 470 in 2022. During this period, varieties of foreign selection entered the Register more actively, which in 2022 amounted to 28.9 % of the total number, while in 2017 they were 19.9 %. The majority of created varieties – 43.4%, are recommended for distribution in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine – Steppe, Forest-Steppe and Polissia. By groups of ripeness, the largest number of varieties is 43.5 % medium-ripe and 37.2 % – medium-early varieties. The analysis of the activity of the originators of varieties of domestic breeding showed that the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the leader, and in 2022, 102 varieties or 21.7 % of the total number of domestic varieties were entered into the Register. The main direction of the selection work of this institute is the creation of plastic varieties of winter wheat for distribution in all zones of Ukraine – steppe, forest-steppe and Polissia, the share of these varieties from their total number is 61.8 %, mainly these are mid-early and mid-ripening varieties. According to the level of productivity and the direction of use, the wheat varieties of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are conditionally divided into two groups: short-stemmed, high-intensity varieties, which under favorable climatic conditions and intensive cultivation technologies are able to form a grain yield of up to 10 t/ha and more, and medium-growing varieties of universal use, which in extreme growing conditions exceed the yield of high-intensity varieties. Key words: Register of varieties, selection process, maturity groups, distribution of varieties, domestic selection.

Forage characteristics of honey bees beha- vior in sunflower agrophytocenoses in the conditions of Poltava region

The article highlights the main results of assessing the sugar content and nectar content of hybrids of common sunflower (Heliánthus ánnuus L.) Duet, Yason and Avalon in the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine during pollination by honey bees of the Ukrainian steppe breed (Apis mellifera sossimai Engel) of the Gadyatsky type, the originator of which is the National Science Center «Institute of Beekeeping named after P.I. Prokopovich». The investigated sunflower hybrids are included in the State Register of plant varieties and are recommended for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The investigated bee families of the Ukrainian steppe breed of the Hadyatskyi type met the requirements of the breed standard according to the results of the exterior evaluation. Their selection for research was carried out by the method of analogues, taking into account their equality in strength, number of offspring, feed reserves, origin and age of queens. The bee colonies were cared for uniformly. The dependence of nectar secretion on weather conditions is shown. The maximum values of nectar secretion of the investigated sunflower hybrids were recorded at an air tempera- ture of 28–30°С and a relative humidity of 67–70%. It is shown that under these conditions the maximum flight of bees was 182 pcs. and was observed in the morning until 12:00 without pollen and 51 pcs. with pollen (under the same conditions). The following nectar content values of sunflower hybrids were recorded: for the Yason hybrid, the nectar content values were 0.28–0.43 mg/day; Avalon — 0.47–0.59 mg/day; Duet — 0.40–0.47 mg/day. The sugar content of the Yason hybrid was 45.9–50.5%; Avalon — 35.9–39.7%; abStract 1512023 • No 1 • Агроекологічний журнАл Duet — 50.1–54.5%. It was shown that the visitation by forager bees of sunflower hybrid crops depends on their sugar content: the visitation by bees of Jason and Duet hybrid crops was higher than Avalon, due to the higher sugar content in the nectar of these two hybrids. Bees of the Ukrainian steppe breed of the Hadyatskyi type prefer plants with higher sugar content. Further studies of the productivity of sun- flower varieties and hybrids from bee pollination are necessary to ensure obtaining agricultural products of appropriate quality.

Adaptability, sustainability and productivity of mid-early soybean varieties

There is a large number of mid-early high-yielding soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine. Therefore, the selection of the most efficient, high-yielding, adaptable and sustainable ones is required. The aim of the study is to analyse mid-early soybean varieties regarding the height of plants, the attachment of lower beans, their resistance to lodging, shedding, drought and various diseases, seed yield, protein and fat content. The research was conducted on the basis of the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021. There are five groups of soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine based on the speed of ripening – ultra quick ripening, early ripening, mid-early ripening, mid-ripening and mid-late ripening. Mid-early varieties (their growing season comprises 106–125 days) are the most numerous group according to the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021 with a total of 160 items. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021, such varieties as Podyaka, Ezra, Stine 07G22, Saska, Syaivo, Cypress, Malvina, SVH15T1S1, ES Compositor, Turizas, and Elina have the highest seed yield among all mid-early soybean varieties. RGT Sforza, DSh401, ES Bachelor, Taurus, NS Diyana, DSh863, Lenka contain the highest amount of protein, whereas Charm, Valiuta, Brown, Sprint, Everest, SG Anzer have the highest level of fat. A significant part of mid-early soybean varieties shows a high rate of resistance to drought, diseases, lodging and shedding and received 8 points on our scale, which means that they are suitable both for mechanical harvesting and sustainable vegetation.

Нові сорти яблуні (Malus domestica Borkh.) Дослідної станції помології ім. Л.П. Симиренка

In recent years, the Research Station of Pomology named after L.P. Symyrenko created a number of new varieties of apple trees. In 2020, a new winter-ripening apple variety, Myr, was entered into the "State Register...". A winter maturing variety. At the time of fruiting on the rootstock M.9 enters its second year. Fruits of medium or larger than medium size, one-dimensional, flattened-spherical, greenish-yellow, when ripe-yellow, with a slight light pink-red faintly defined blurred blush with clearly defined stripes. In the Lisosteppe of Ukraine, the ripening of the fruits occurs in the third decade of September - the first decade of October. Transportability is high. In ordinary storage, they are stored until April, in the refrigerator - until May-June. In 2019, an application was submitted to the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Varieties Examination for inclusion in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine, for one columnar Debut apple variety. An early-winter maturing variety. At the time of fruiting, the 54-118 rootstock enters its second year. Fruits are medium-sized, round-conical, slightly ribbed. The main color is yellow, the integument is a slightly pronounced pinkish-red blush on the sunny side and with a large number of large white lentils. In the Lisosteppe of Ukraine, the ripening of the fruits occurs in the first or second decades of September. Transportability is average. They are kept for up to 4-5 months in normal storage. In 2022, an application was submitted for the columnar Valiusha variety. An early-winter maturing variety. The fruits are medium-sized, round-conical, greenish with a solid burgundy blush on the entire surface of the fruit. In the Lisosteppe of Ukraine, the ripening of the fruits occurs in the first or second decades of September. Transportability is high. They are stored in normal storage for up to 4-5 months. Documents are also being prepared for submission for the Lybid apple tree variety with a columnar crown shape (elit form 11/1). All these varieties combine early fruiting, stable high yield, attractive appearance, harmonious taste, winter hardiness and high resistance to diseases. Key words: apple tree, selection, elite form, variety, resistance, columnar, tolerance.

АДАПТИВНІСТЬ ТА АГРОЕКОЛОГІЧНА СТІЙКІСТЬ СКОРОСТИГЛИХ СОРТІВ СОЇ

The growing season of ultra-fast ripening and fast ripening soybean varieties comprises 83-85 days. 17 ultra-fast and fast ripening soybean varieties were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021. The growing season for the majority of them is 85 days. However, it is shorter for Diona – 83 days and Arnica – 84 days. The height of plants of fast ripening soybean varieties differs greatly – from 58 cm to 110 cm. Arrata is the highest variety – 110 cm, Rohiznianka and Rizdviana are 81 cm each, OAC Avatar and Diona – 80 cm each. The height of the lower beans attachment of fast ripening soybean varieties is 10-16 cm from the soil surface. OAC Brooke has the highest attachment of lower beans – 16 cm. It is followed by Rohiznianka – 15 cm, Kobza and OAC Avatar – 14 cm each. Resistance to lodging is an indicator that determines if a plant can be cut completely without its stem bending over. Aventurine, OAC Lakeview, Hieba and Berkana have the highest level of resistance to lodging and received 9 points each; OAC Avatar, Rohiznianka, Holubka got 8.9 points each. All fast ripening soybean varieties have high resistance to seed shedding – 7-9 points. The most drought-resistant varieties include OAC Lakeview, Hieba, Berkana – they got 9 points each. The most disease-resistant soybean varieties are Aventurine, Kobza, Diona, Arrata, Rohiznianka, Arnica – they received 9 points each. The seed yield of fast ripening soybean varieties is 2-3.25 t/ha. Diona has the highest yield – 3.25 t/ha followed by Arrata – 3 t/ha. The least productive varieties are Rohiznianka – 2 t/ha, OAC Brooke – 2.03 t/ha, Kobza – 2.14 t/ha. Soy varieties with the highest protein content in seeds include Berkana – 43.4%, Raiduha – 42.3%, Holubka and Melody – 42.1% each. The seeds of Arrata have the lowest protein content – 38%. It is followed by Legend and Diona – 38.5% each, and then Kobza – 39.1%. As for the fat content, Hieba is leading – 22%, followed by OAC Lakeview – 21.7% and Holubka – 21.6%. The seeds of Krasunia have the lowest fat content – 19.3% followed by Arnica – 20.5% and Melody – 20 .6%.

BREEDS OF UKRAINIAN SELECTION AND THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN FOREST STEPPE

This article covers the list of precocious soybean varieties (Ukrainian Selection) for the purpose of studying them in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2017–2020 at the experimental field of Crop Production Technology Department of the Lviv National Environmental University.
 In these studies, the following soybean varieties were used, namely Ustia, Khvylia, Muza, Arnica, Vilshanka, Siverka, Suziria, Vyshyvanka, originated by the Institute of NSC «Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences». These varieties belong to the early-germinating group that means their growing season ranges from 83 to 107 days, and they are also characterized by increased resistance to damage by the most common diseases, bean cracking and grain shedding. Considering their early harvest dates, the researched varieties can be used as a precursor for winter crops, and are suitable for harvest crops (Siverka variety).
 Ustia variety was entered into the Register of Varieties of Ukraine in 2002. Precocious. Weight of 1000 seeds is 155–160 g. The seeds contain 41–42 % protein and 19–20 % oil. Muza variety is in the State Register since 2015, bred by the method of repeated individual selection from Yug-30/Ustia hybrid generations. The weight of 1000 seeds is 235–245 g. The seeds contain 41–42 % protein and 20–21 % fat. Arnica variety was entered in the State Register in 2016, bred by the method of individual selection from the combination of crossing two early and productive lines 242 and 427. The weight of 1000 seeds is 155–160 g, seeds contain 40–42 % protein and 20–21 % fat. Khvylia variety is in the State Register since 2013, bred by the method of individual selection from the L.364/Cherniatka hybrid population. The weight of 1000 seeds is 158–162 g. The seeds contain 40–42 % protein and 21–22 % fat. The Vilshanka variety is in the State Register since 2011, bred by the method of repeated individual selection from the hybrid L.955/Cherniatka. The weight of 1000 seeds is 240–250 g. The seeds contain 41–42 % protein and 21–22 % fat; Siverka variety is in the State Register since 2013, bred by the method of individual selection from the Yug-30/Ustia hybrid population. The weight of 1000 seeds is 170–175 g. The seeds contain 41–42 % protein and 20–21 % fat; Vyshyvanka variety is in the State Register since 2019. The weight of 1000 seeds is 144–183 g. The seeds contain 38–39 % protein and 22–23 % fat; the Suziria variety is medium-ripe, entered into the State Register of plant varieties being suitable for distribution in Ukraine since 2011 in the Forest Steppe and Polissia zones. The weight of 1000 seeds is 220–240 g. The seeds contain 42–43 % protein and 20–21 % fat.

EARLY MATURE SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

As of 2022, 72 early-maturing soybean varieties have been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine, which is 25% of the total number of all groups of varieties by maturity. The duration of the growing season of all early-maturing soybean varieties is 86-105 days. In the group of early-maturing soybean varieties, Elena has the shortest growing season - 87 days, Deni - 89, Aventurine and Sprytna - 94 days each. The longest growing season is established in the varieties Nakhodka, ES Mentor, Opus, Maxus, ES Favor, Pallada, ES Director, AAC Invest 1605, Oriana - 105 days each. Among the early-ripening soybean varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine for 2022, the highest seed yields are Relay, Dexterous - 3.70 t / ha, Pallas - 3.67 t / ha, Wave, Helen - 3.40 t / ha. The highest protein content in seeds was found in Opus varieties - 46.0%, AAC Invest - 44.5%, Sultana - 43.5%, EC Gladiator - 43.0%, fat - in Diamond varieties - 25.5%, Anthracite - 25.0%. The most drought-resistant varieties are Pysanka, Beads, Relay, Alinda, Aventurine, Balaton, Algiz, ES Favor. The vast majority of soybean varieties are highly resistant to disease, except for varieties Halleck, Opus, Vilshanka. Varieties СВХ16Т00С2, Pysanka, Beads, Symphony, Angelica, Relay, Dexterous, Phoenix, Alligator, Triad, Alinda, Muse, Ariadne, Aventurine, Furio, Etude, Pallada were the most resistant to seed shedding. Resistance to lodging was highest in the varieties Pysanka, Beads, Find, Angelica, Hoverla, Relay, Dexterous, EU Mentor, Alligator, Maxus, Sultana, Triad, Alinda, Aventurine, Furio, EU Gladiator, EU Albator, EU Governor, EU Governor, EU GL Melanie, Odessa, Ambella, Raido. The highest height of attachment of the lower beans was in the varieties NS Maximus - 22 cm, Find, Maxus, Sultan, Pearl, Oriana - 16 cm. These varieties are characterized by higher productivity, crop quality, manufacturability during harvesting and agri-environmental stability during cultivation.

IMPACT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the results of scientific research on the peculiarities of the productivity formation of sunflower hybrids Darius, NK Kamen, Tutti, depending on foliar top-dressing of micronutrients in soil and climatic conditions of the Mykolaiv region. There is a direct dependence of crop growth and its formation on the optimal combination of weather and climatic conditions and nutrients of crops. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by chernozem southern low-humus dusty-heavy loam on brownish-pile forest-like loams. According to the content of mobile elements, the soil is characterized by an average content of nitrogen and phosphorus and a very high content of potassium. In the field experiment, sunflower cultivation techniques were generally accepted for the area, except for the variants studied according to the experimental scheme. In the variants where microfertilizers were studied, foliar feeding of sunflower hybrid plants was performed according to the experimental scheme. In a two-factor field experiment during 2020-2021, the yield and seed quality of high-oleic sunflower hybrids depending on the timing of microfertilizers were studied. The studied sunflower hybrids are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and are recommended for cultivation in the Steppe zone. The results of the study showed that foliar fertilization with microfertilizers affects the performance of individual productivity, in particular when applying Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves on crops of sunflower hybrid NK Kamen husk was 21.1%, which is less than the control (without microfertilizers) by 0, 8%, and the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.6% larger, and accordingly the diameter of the basket increased by 1.2 cm. The effect of microfertilizers on the yield of the studied hybrids was also different: on average over the years the highest yield was formed by applying the drug Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves, and was: in the hybrid Darius 2.26 t / ha, in the hybrid NK Kamen − 2.55 t / ha and in the hybrid Tutti − 2.41 t / ha; Foliar fertilization significantly affected the quality of fat, in particular, the highest oil yield was obtained by applying Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves in the hybrid NK Kamen – at 13.4 kg / ha, which is more than the control (without microfertilizers) by 2.2 kg / ha, and the smallest − for the use of Rostock in the phase of 6-8 leaves, in the hybrid Darius, which amounted to 10.5 h / ha, which is more than the control of 1.2 h / ha. According to the research results, it is recommended to to carry out sowing in field crop rotations as the best option for NK Kamen sunflower hybrid under the condition of foliar top-dressing with Kvantum microfertilizer with a working fluid consumption rate of 4 l/ha in the culture phase of 6-8 leaves.

APPROBATION FEATURES OF LARGE-FRUITED CRANBERRY ASSORTMENTS RELEASED IN BELARUS

The State Register of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Belarus includes 6 varieties of large-fruited cranberry: Ben Lear, Franklin, Howes, McFarlin, Piligrim, Stevens. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that the morphological features of the leaf, stem and fruit of the large-fruited cranberry are plant-specific indicators and make it possible to identify the taxa of this crop.

НАСІННЄВА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНА СТІЙКІСТЬ СОРТІВ ГОРОШКУ ПОСІВНОГО

Abstract The lack of information on the cultivation of varieties of peas, as fodder crops, for seeds, leads to low yields of its seeds with significant losses. Purpose of research. Therefore, the aim of our research was to analyze according to the State Register of Plant varieties suitable for growing in Ukraine in 2022. indicators of seed productivity, environmental sustainability and technological suitability for mechanized harvesting of winter and spring pea varieties. Research methods. The quality indicators of winter pea varieties (Vicia villosa Roth.) And spring (Vicia sativa L. spring) were analyzed according to a set of indicators: drought resistance (scores), disease resistance (scores), pest resistance (scores), resistance to lodging (points), winter hardiness (points), resistance to seed shedding (points), seed yield (c / ha). The score was performed according to the following gradation: 9 points - the highest stability; 1 point - the lowest stability. Resistance of pea plants to such diseases as ascochitosis, rust was evaluated and pest - pea seed. Research results. As of 2022, the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine includes three varieties of winter sowing peas and 25 varieties of spring sowing peas. Among the winter pea varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2022, the highest seed yield and winter hardiness is Swan Song - 20.2 c / ha, the most drought-resistant are Swan Song and Pearl, the most resistant to disease are Neoplant variety, and before the lodging of plants - Pearl. Among the spring pea varieties, the most productive in terms of seed yield are Volodymyr - 24.5 c / ha, Ariadna, Nakhodka - 23.0 c / ha, New Belgrade - 22.0 c / ha and Bila Tserkva 10-22.8 c / ha. The most resistant to diseases are varieties Ozyryana, Pivdennobuzka, Dionis, Natalka, Ltava, Podilska rannya, Vesnyanka, Winner; before the drought - Nadiya Podillya, Podilska Rannya, Ltava, Vesnyanka, Natalka; before lying down - Ariadna, Natalka and Oziryana; before the seeds fall off - New Belgrade, Find, Ariadne, Ltava, Vesnyanka, Podilska early. Conclusions. Comparison of indicators of agroecological stability and seed productivity of winter and spring forms of sowing peas showed that in terms of drought resistance winter and spring varieties do not differ in average; in terms of resistance to diseases, spring pea varieties are 0.1 points more resistant than winter forms; resistance to lodging of the stem was 0.7 points higher in winter pea varieties than in spring forms; seed yield was 21.5% higher in spring forms, compared with winter, probably, winter peas provide higher yields of vegetative fodder base. Key words: sowing peas, seeds, varieties, productivity, ecological stability, manufacturability.

Research of soybean varieties according to the complex of economic-valuable peculiarities in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Having analysed literary sources, we have determined that soybeans are among the most valuable legumes of world agriculture. The versatility of this legume is explained by the unique chemical composition, which combines 38–42% protein, 18–23% oil, 25–30% carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, minerals. Soybeans play an exceptionally important role in the biologization of agriculture. Soybeans are the most profitable crops, that significantly improve the economic condition of farms. One of the reasons is their low resistance to extreme environmental conditions, in particular, the lodging of plants in years with a large amount of precipitation, an increase in the the growing season for later sowing periods and with a decrease in air temperature during the formation period — seed ripening, crop losses from cracking of beans in varieties of the early maturing variety, which is less numerously represented in the world gene pool. Soybean varieties, which are used in production nowadays, do not fully meet the requirements, since they do not provide consistently high yields and product quality. Growing soybeans has a beneficial effect on the processes of humification, physical and physicochemical properties of soils, water and nutritional regimes, improves the nitrogen balance of crop rotation and increases the yield of other crop rotation. The correct choice of variety is one of the decisive conditions for obtaining the maximum yield. At the same time, the choice of variety is one of the most affordable production of agricultural activities, reducing the negative impact of limiting factors of the external environment on the level of soybean yield and to the greatest extent ensures the plasticity of the crop to specific growing conditions. Domestic soybean varieties are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine as a factor of increasing competitive agriculture and adapting them to organic varietal growing technologies. The article deals with the varietal diversity of genetic support with fundamentally new source material of leading varieties of soybeans.

TECHNOLOGY AND AGROECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF RAPID VARIETIES OF SOYBEAN

According to the duration of the growing season, early maturing and ultra early maturing varieties of soybeans develop within 83-85 days. As of 2021, 17 early-maturing and ultra-early-maturing soybean varieties were entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Most of these varieties have a growing season of 85 days, and only the Diona varieties have 83 days and Arnika - 84 days. The height of plants of early maturing soybean varieties varies widely - 58-110 cm. The highest are Arrata plants - 110 cm, Rogiznyanka and Rozhdestvenskaya - 81 cm each, OAC Avatar and Diona - 80 cm each. Height of attachment of the lower beans in early maturing soybean varieties is 10-16 cm from the soil surface. Above, the lower beans are attached in soybean varieties OAC Brook - 16 cm, Rogiznyanka - 15 cm, Kobza and OAC Avatar - 14 cm each. The highest resistance to lodging, which determines the completeness of mowing and selection of the soybean stem mass, had plants of the varieties Aventurin, OAC Lakeview, Geba and Berkana - 9.0 points each, OAC Avatar Rogiznyanka - 8.9 points each. All early ripening varieties of soybeans are highly resistant to seed shedding - 7.0-9.0 points. The most drought-resistant varieties are OAC Lakeview, Geba, Berkana - 9.0 points each. Soybean varieties Aventurine, Kobza, Diona, Arrata, Rogiznyanka, Arnika are resistant to diseases - 9.0 points each. The seed yield of early maturing soybean varieties is 2.00-3.25 t/ha. The highest yields were noted for the Diona varieties - 3.25 t/ha, Arrata - 3.0 t/ha. The least productive varieties are Rogiznyanka - 2.00 t/ha, OAC Brook - 2.03 t/ha, Kobza - 2.14 t/ha. Soybean varieties had a high protein content in seeds: Berkana - 43.4%, Raduga - 42.3%, Dove and Melody - 42.1% each. The lowest protein content was in the varieties Arrata - 38.0%, Legend, Diona - 38.5% each, Kobza - 39.1%. The fat content in the seeds of soybean varieties Heba - 22.0%, OAC Lakeview - 21.7% and Golubka - 21.6% was the highest, and in Krasavitsa varieties - 19.3%, Arnika - 20.5% and Melodiya - 20.6% - the smallest.

The current state of the plant nomenclature in crop production on the example of dissertation titles

Aim. The aim of this article is to analyze the current state of plant nomenclature in agricultural practice. Methods. The analysis of literary sources, mathematical analysis. Results. In the titles of 1760 analyzed dissertations for the scientific degrees in agricultural sciences (2000–2019), 90.3% of the plant names are presented in Ukrainian, 5.6% are a combination of Ukrainian and Latin names, and 4.1% are in Latin. In the titles of 680 dissertations for the scientific degrees in biological sciences, the main part is made up of the Latin names of taxa of a generic and species rank and below — 45.2%, names in Ukrainian are 35.1%, and combinations of Ukrainian and Latin names are 19.7%. Despite the fact that the same groups of organisms are studied in both groups agricultural and biological, there are significant differences in the use of names. The scientific style of the Ukrainian language is inherent in the direct word order when the adjective precedes the noun. This is how crop names were coined: miaka pshenytsia (common wheat), tverda pshenytsia (durum wheat), ozyma pshenytsia (winter wheat), yara pshenytsia (spring wheat), tsukrovi buriaky (sugar beet), etc., while in the names of botanical taxa the word order is opposite: pshenytsia miaka (common wheat), pshenytsia tverda (durum wheat), buriak zvychainyi (beet), etc. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, unmotivated inversion occurred in the catalogues of zoned cultivars of agricultural crops, when the word order in the crop names changed to the opposite. In the International Convention for the Protection of Rights of New Varieties of Plants, the term variety is associated with the term taxon, and not agricultural crop. Therefore, the concepts of agricultural crop and botanical taxon that are not identical are confused in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Agrarians have been in a state of ambiguity and uncertainty regarding the proper use of plant names. The attempts to assimilate the agrobiological nomenclature to the botanical one led to an unreasonable replacement of the names of cultons, which acquired a chaotic and mass character. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the vast majority of dissertations in the agricultural field, the spelling of the names of traditional crops corresponded to the scientific style, but gradually it changed and now in most dissertations the reverse word order dominates, mistakenly identifying the crop names with specific names. At the same time, in biological dissertation, the names of both cultons and taxa correspond to the scientific style. Conclusions. The titles of many dissertations for the scientific degrees in Agricultural and Biological Sciences use Ukrainian and Latin names of plants. Latin names are regulated by the ICN, but the Ukrainian ones belong to two unregulated terminological systems. The first botanical system reflects the scientific botanical nomenclature and manages the names of taxon, the second agrobiological system is based on the names of cultons. Generic names and crop names often coincide, while species names and crop names differ in word order. In the verbose crop names, the word order is direct with the adjective precedes the noun, in the species names the word order is reversed, a generic name followed by a specific epithet. The phenomenon of replacing crop names with names inheriting the species names has become rampant over the past twenty years. They destroy the system of agrobiological nomenclature and contradict the scientific standards of the literary Ukrainian language. The identification of this negative phenomenon will allow us to overcome it faster.

To the 120th anniversary of the birth of academician M.M. Gryshko – an outstanding scientist-genetician, builder of the National botanical garden of the NAS of Ukraine

The article covers the life and scientific achievements of an outstanding scientist – geneticist, breeder, botanist, academician, director of the Institute of Botany in 1939–1944, director of the Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1944–1958 Mykola Mykolayovych Gryshko (6.01.1901–3.01.1964). Currently, the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a leading scientific institution, which includes eight scientific departments and two laboratories with more than 170 researchers. The Botanical Garden on an area of 129.8 hectares has a collection of plants numbering more than 16 thousand taxa. Botanical Garden scientists have developed theoretical and applied principles of introduction, acclimatization, selection, conservation and enrichment of biodiversity. The selection work initiated by M.M. Gryshko successfully continues. About 400 plant cultivars created in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine.
 Keywords: anniversary, M. M. Gryshko, academician, geneticist, breeder, director, Botanical Garden.

Агроекологічна стійкість сортів квасолі звичайної до несприятливих умов вегетації

Агроекологічна стійкість сортів квасолі звичайної до несприятливих умов вегетації

GRAIN RESOURCES IN UKRAINE: THE CURRENT STATE AND THE PROSPECTS OF USE

The analysis of literary sources revealed the problems of the development of organic agriculture, the development of environmentally friendly technologies for growing leguminous crops, the expansion of areas of cultivation of high-protein legumes and the study of their impact on soil fertility, improvement of its condition and conservation in general in the face of climate change. Grain legumes, as well as cereals, have been found to be a staple food for most of the world's population, especially in developing countries. In Ukraine, crop data have become strategic and important by overcoming the problem of providing the animal feed to the feed protein. They cover 16% of humanity's need for protein. The reserves of increasing the efficiency of using modern varieties of leguminous crops, aimed at increasing their yield and quality, saving material and technical and energy resources, have been evaluated. It is proved that in this plan it is important to search for selection of scientifically-proven varietal legume cultivation technology for different zones using microbiological fertilizers and growth of stimulating nature allowed for use, in order to preserve soil fertility, improve its physical and chemical properties, and stabilize its granulometric properties. Soil microbiota. The national varieties listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine as a factor of increasing competitive agriculture and adapting them to organic varietal technologies of growing leguminous crops are subject to study. The article identifies the varietal diversity of genetic support for a fundamentally new source material of leading leguminous crops. The problematic of the scientific article has a complex multidisciplinary character in the combination of adaptive farming systems and varietal cultivation technology in view of current trends in climate change. Installation and implementation are based on the problems, as well as the tasks of applied research, which is performed at the expense of the state budget fund on the theme: «Development of methods for improving the technology of growing leguminous crops using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations, extracurricular nutrition and physical nutrition» Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Key words: legumes, variety, technological methods, cultivation area, use cases.