EARLY MATURE SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

As of 2022, 72 early-maturing soybean varieties have been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine, which is 25% of the total number of all groups of varieties by maturity. The duration of the growing season of all early-maturing soybean varieties is 86-105 days. In the group of early-maturing soybean varieties, Elena has the shortest growing season - 87 days, Deni - 89, Aventurine and Sprytna - 94 days each. The longest growing season is established in the varieties Nakhodka, ES Mentor, Opus, Maxus, ES Favor, Pallada, ES Director, AAC Invest 1605, Oriana - 105 days each. Among the early-ripening soybean varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine for 2022, the highest seed yields are Relay, Dexterous - 3.70 t / ha, Pallas - 3.67 t / ha, Wave, Helen - 3.40 t / ha. The highest protein content in seeds was found in Opus varieties - 46.0%, AAC Invest - 44.5%, Sultana - 43.5%, EC Gladiator - 43.0%, fat - in Diamond varieties - 25.5%, Anthracite - 25.0%. The most drought-resistant varieties are Pysanka, Beads, Relay, Alinda, Aventurine, Balaton, Algiz, ES Favor. The vast majority of soybean varieties are highly resistant to disease, except for varieties Halleck, Opus, Vilshanka. Varieties СВХ16Т00С2, Pysanka, Beads, Symphony, Angelica, Relay, Dexterous, Phoenix, Alligator, Triad, Alinda, Muse, Ariadne, Aventurine, Furio, Etude, Pallada were the most resistant to seed shedding. Resistance to lodging was highest in the varieties Pysanka, Beads, Find, Angelica, Hoverla, Relay, Dexterous, EU Mentor, Alligator, Maxus, Sultana, Triad, Alinda, Aventurine, Furio, EU Gladiator, EU Albator, EU Governor, EU Governor, EU GL Melanie, Odessa, Ambella, Raido. The highest height of attachment of the lower beans was in the varieties NS Maximus - 22 cm, Find, Maxus, Sultan, Pearl, Oriana - 16 cm. These varieties are characterized by higher productivity, crop quality, manufacturability during harvesting and agri-environmental stability during cultivation.