TECHNOLOGY AND AGROECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF RAPID VARIETIES OF SOYBEAN

Abstract

According to the duration of the growing season, early maturing and ultra early maturing varieties of soybeans develop within 83-85 days. As of 2021, 17 early-maturing and ultra-early-maturing soybean varieties were entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Most of these varieties have a growing season of 85 days, and only the Diona varieties have 83 days and Arnika - 84 days. The height of plants of early maturing soybean varieties varies widely - 58-110 cm. The highest are Arrata plants - 110 cm, Rogiznyanka and Rozhdestvenskaya - 81 cm each, OAC Avatar and Diona - 80 cm each. Height of attachment of the lower beans in early maturing soybean varieties is 10-16 cm from the soil surface. Above, the lower beans are attached in soybean varieties OAC Brook - 16 cm, Rogiznyanka - 15 cm, Kobza and OAC Avatar - 14 cm each. The highest resistance to lodging, which determines the completeness of mowing and selection of the soybean stem mass, had plants of the varieties Aventurin, OAC Lakeview, Geba and Berkana - 9.0 points each, OAC Avatar Rogiznyanka - 8.9 points each. All early ripening varieties of soybeans are highly resistant to seed shedding - 7.0-9.0 points. The most drought-resistant varieties are OAC Lakeview, Geba, Berkana - 9.0 points each. Soybean varieties Aventurine, Kobza, Diona, Arrata, Rogiznyanka, Arnika are resistant to diseases - 9.0 points each. The seed yield of early maturing soybean varieties is 2.00-3.25 t/ha. The highest yields were noted for the Diona varieties - 3.25 t/ha, Arrata - 3.0 t/ha. The least productive varieties are Rogiznyanka - 2.00 t/ha, OAC Brook - 2.03 t/ha, Kobza - 2.14 t/ha. Soybean varieties had a high protein content in seeds: Berkana - 43.4%, Raduga - 42.3%, Dove and Melody - 42.1% each. The lowest protein content was in the varieties Arrata - 38.0%, Legend, Diona - 38.5% each, Kobza - 39.1%. The fat content in the seeds of soybean varieties Heba - 22.0%, OAC Lakeview - 21.7% and Golubka - 21.6% was the highest, and in Krasavitsa varieties - 19.3%, Arnika - 20.5% and Melodiya - 20.6% - the smallest.