Abstract

The monograph presents scientific and experimental research that reveals the theoretical and practical issues of production of soybean that can solve the problem of protein deficiency and replenish the world’s food and feed resources. The research is based on the tasks of applied research on the topic: «Development of methods for improving the technology of growing legumes using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations, foliar fertilizers and physiologically active substances», state registration number 0120U102034. The authors’ research is aimed at solving current problems of technological renewal and development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. During the study it was found that the duration of the growing season precocious and ultra-early soybean varieties develop within 83-85 days. Thus, as of 2021, 17 precocious and ultra-precocious soybean varieties have been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Most of these varieties have a growing season of 85 days and only varieties of Dion – 83 days and Arnica – 84 days. It is determined that the height of plants of early-maturing soybean varieties varies widely – 58-110 cm. It is proved that the height of attachment of lower beans in precocious soybean varieties is 10-16 cm from the soil surface. The lowest beans are the highest attached in the soybean varieties of OAC Brook – 16 cm, Rohiznyanka – 15 cm, Kobza and OAC Avatar – 14 cm each. The highest resistance to lodging, which determines the completeness of mowing and selection of soybean stem mass, had plants varieties Aventurine, OAC Lakeview, Geba and Berkana – 9.0 points, OAC Avatar, Rogiznyanka, Golubka – 8.9 points.All precocious varieties of soybeans are characterized by high resistance to seed shedding – 7.0-9.0 points. The most drought-resistant varieties are OAC Lakeview, Geba, Berkan – 9.0 points each. The most resistant to diseases are soybean varieties Aventurine, Kobza, Diona, Arrat, Rogiznyanka, Arnica – 9.0 points each.The seed yield of precocious soybean varieties is 2.00-3.25 t/ha. The highest yields were Dion – 3.25 t/ha, Arrata – 3.0 t/ha. The least productive varieties are Rohiznyanka – 2.00 t/ha, OAC Brook – 2.03 t/ha, Kobza – 2.14 t/ha.Soybean varieties had the highest protein content in seeds: Berkana – 43.4%, Rainbow – 42.3%, Dove and Melody – 42.1% each. The lowest protein content was in the varieties Arrata – 38.0%, Legend, Diona – 38.5%, Kobza – 39.1%.The fat content in the seeds of Geba soybean varieties – 22.0%, OAC Lakeview – 21.7% and Golubka – 21.6% was the highest, and in the varieties Beauty – 19.3%, Arnica – 20.5% and Melody – 20.6% – the smallest.

Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call