CULTIVATION OF EARLY SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN THE CONTEXT OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

72 early soybean varieties are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2022, which is 25% of the total number of all soybean maturity groups. The growing season of all early soybean varieties comprises 86–105 days. Elena has the shortest growing season in the group – 87 days; Deni comes next as it requires 89 days to grow; it is followed by Avanturine and Sprytna the growing of which takes 94 days. Zhakhidka, ES Mentor, Opus, Maxus, ES Favour, Pallada, ES Director, AAC Invest 1605, and Oriana have the longest growing seasons and namely – 105 days. The highest-yielding early soybean varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2022 are Estafeta and Sprytna – 3.70 t/ha. Pallada is their runner-up with a yield of 3.67 t/ha followed by Khvylia and Elena – 3.40 t/ha. Varieties with the highest protein content are Opus – 46.0%, AAC Invest – 44.5%, Sultana – 43.5% and ES Gladiator – 43.0%. As for fat, Almaz – 25.5% and Anthracite – 25.0% are leading. The most drought-resistant varieties include Pysanka, Bisser, Estafeta, Alinda, Avanturine, Balaton, Algiz, and ES Favour. The vast majority of soybean varieties are highly resistant to disease, except for Gallek, Opus, and Vilshanka. Varieties with the highest level of resistance to shedding include SVH16T00S2, Pysanka, Bisser, Symphony, Angelica, Estafeta, Sprytna, Phoenix, Alligator, Triad, Alinda, Muse, Ariadna, Avanturine, Furio, Etudes, Pallada. Such varieties as Pysanka, Bisser, Znakhidka, Angelica, Hoverla, Estafeta, Sprytna, ES Mentor, Alligator, Maxus, Sultana, Triad, Alinda, Avanturine, Furio, ES Gladiator, ES Albator, ES Governor, GL Melany, Adessa, Ambella, Raidho have the highest resistance to lodging. Varieties with the maximum lower beans attachment are NS Maximus – 22 cm, Znakhidka, Maxus, Sultana, Perlyna, and Oriana – 16 cm each. The above-listed varieties have higher productivity, better crop quality and agroecological properties, they are more sustainable and adaptable for harvesting.