IMPACT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON SUNFLOWER PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the results of scientific research on the peculiarities of the productivity formation of sunflower hybrids Darius, NK Kamen, Tutti, depending on foliar top-dressing of micronutrients in soil and climatic conditions of the Mykolaiv region. There is a direct dependence of crop growth and its formation on the optimal combination of weather and climatic conditions and nutrients of crops. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by chernozem southern low-humus dusty-heavy loam on brownish-pile forest-like loams. According to the content of mobile elements, the soil is characterized by an average content of nitrogen and phosphorus and a very high content of potassium. In the field experiment, sunflower cultivation techniques were generally accepted for the area, except for the variants studied according to the experimental scheme. In the variants where microfertilizers were studied, foliar feeding of sunflower hybrid plants was performed according to the experimental scheme. In a two-factor field experiment during 2020-2021, the yield and seed quality of high-oleic sunflower hybrids depending on the timing of microfertilizers were studied. The studied sunflower hybrids are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine and are recommended for cultivation in the Steppe zone. The results of the study showed that foliar fertilization with microfertilizers affects the performance of individual productivity, in particular when applying Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves on crops of sunflower hybrid NK Kamen husk was 21.1%, which is less than the control (without microfertilizers) by 0, 8%, and the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.6% larger, and accordingly the diameter of the basket increased by 1.2 cm. The effect of microfertilizers on the yield of the studied hybrids was also different: on average over the years the highest yield was formed by applying the drug Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves, and was: in the hybrid Darius 2.26 t / ha, in the hybrid NK Kamen − 2.55 t / ha and in the hybrid Tutti − 2.41 t / ha; Foliar fertilization significantly affected the quality of fat, in particular, the highest oil yield was obtained by applying Quantum in the phase of 6-8 leaves in the hybrid NK Kamen – at 13.4 kg / ha, which is more than the control (without microfertilizers) by 2.2 kg / ha, and the smallest − for the use of Rostock in the phase of 6-8 leaves, in the hybrid Darius, which amounted to 10.5 h / ha, which is more than the control of 1.2 h / ha. According to the research results, it is recommended to to carry out sowing in field crop rotations as the best option for NK Kamen sunflower hybrid under the condition of foliar top-dressing with Kvantum microfertilizer with a working fluid consumption rate of 4 l/ha in the culture phase of 6-8 leaves.