State University Agricultural Research Articles

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 63• Number of submissions sent for review: 63• Number of submissions accepted: 47• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 74,6%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.00• Total number of reviewers involved: 17• Contact person for queries: Name: Tokarev Kirill E. Email: tke.vgsha@mail.ru Affiliation: Volgograd State Agricultural University

The Extent of Perceived Stress among Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students of Selected State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) of Northern India

The present study was conducted during 2016 in three colleges selected purposely, namely College of Agriculture, College of Home Science and College of Agriculture Engineering of selected four State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) namely Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A.T)., Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, (Haryana), Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur (Rajasthan) and Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana (Punjab) in India. The objective of the study was to identify the extent of perceived stress among undergraduate and postgraduate students of selected State Agricultural Universities of Northern India. A sample of 540 students was selected through stratified random sampling technique. Thirty undergraduate and 15 postgraduate students were selected randomly from each college to make a total of 360 undergraduate and 180 postgraduate students respectively. A scale was developed to measure the extent of perceived stress. Data were collected through distributed questionnaire technique. The findings of the study revealed that both undergraduate and postgraduate students had perceived stress. Majority of the undergraduate students were falling under low and medium extent of stress while highest percentage of the postgraduate students was falling under low and high extent of stress. There was a significant difference with regard to the perception of stress between undergraduate and post graduate students.Approximately 25% of the undergraduate students were under higher extent of stress while 40% of the postgraduate students had high level of perceived stress thus Postgraduate students were more stressed than undergraduate students.

Economics of Wet Seeded Rice as Influenced by Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Regimes and Weed Management

An experiment was conducted at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two factors i.e., irrigation regimes (I1 : Farmers practice (continuous flooding of 2-5 cm from 3-4 days after sowing), I2: AWDI at 5 cm depletion of ponded water, I3: AWDI at 10 cm depletion of ponded water and I4: AWDI at 15 cm depletion of ponded water) and weed management practices (W1: Control (Unweeded check), W2: Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (10% WP) 20 g ha-1 PE fb Penoxsulam (1.02%) + Cyhalofop butyl (5.1%) 120 g ha-1 PoE, W3:Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (10% WP) 20 g ha-1 PE fb Penoxsulam (1.02%) + Cyhalofop butyl (5.1%) 120 g ha-1 PoE + Mechanical weeding at 45 DAS and W4: Weed free (Mechanical weeding at 15, 35 and 55 DAS with line weeding). Among the irrigation regimes, cost of cultivation and gross returns were highest in farmers practice (continuous flooding of 2-5 cm from 3-4 days after sowing) and lowest in AWDI at 15 cm depletion of ponded water. Net returns and B:C ratio was highest in AWDI at 5 cm depletion of ponded water and lowest net returns and B:C ratio was recorded in AWDI at 15 cm depletion of ponded water. Among weed management practices highest cost of cultivation, gross returns were achieved in weed free (mechanical weeding at 15, 35 and 55 DAS with line weeding) and lowest cost of cultivation and gross returns was achieved in Control (unweeded control). With respective to herbicide application highest gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were achieved in pyrazosulfuron ethyl (10% WP) 20 g ha-1 PE fb penoxsulam (1.02%) + cyhalofop butyl (5.1%) 120 g ha-1 PoE + mechanical weeding at 45 DAS.

Growth Dynamics and Yield of Zero-Till Maize as Influenced by Microbial Consortia Treated Paddy Residue Incorporation

A field experiment was conducted at College farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2020-21 and 2021-22 to assess the influence of paddy residue management practices at different fertility levels on certain growth parameters and the yield of rabi maize succeeding kharif rice in a strip plot design. The growth analysis indicated that the leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area duration remained the same with residue management practices at 0-30 DAS and 30-60 DAS but between 60 DAS-harvest, maize leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area duration (LAD) was significantly increased by incorporation of crop residues treated with microbial consortia and SSP. Different fertility levels affected leaf area index, crop growth rate and leaf area duration at all the growth intervals whereas net assimilation rate remained unaffected. Interaction effect of residue management practices and fertility levels on leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area duration was found non significant at 0-30 DAS and 30-60 DAS, while at 60 DAS-harvest integration of residues and microbial consortia along with chemical fertilizers resulted in a significant increase of LAI, CGR and LAD with no significant improvement in NAR. In 2020-21 and 2021-22, the grain yield and straw yield were higher in the incorporation of crop residues treated with microbial consortia and single super phosphate (SSP) in combination with 125 % recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) which was on par with 100% RDF and 75 % RDF and was significantly superior over other treatments.

The use of modular-rating technology of teaching mathematics to students of Altai State Agricultural University

Introduction. New requirements are put forward for the organization of educational process, and improving the quality of training of graduates. Purpose setting. Therefore, teachers are faced with the need to apply modular-rating training technology which instantly reacts to changes in the situation in the labor market and can adjust the specialist model. It is democratic in its principles, content, and organization of the educational process. Modular-rating technology provides individualization of educational programs and the ways of their assimilation depending on the abilities and interests of students. Methodology of the study. The authors carried out modular structuring of the “Mathematics” course; methodological support (tests, individual tasks, etc.) of the modular-rating program was developed. A special role in the technology of modular-rating education is assigned to control over the knowledge of students, the authors used current, midterm and fi control. The quality of knowledge and skills of students in mastering the module was determined by various control methods: oral and written survey, control work, individual task, calculate and graphic work, etc. In addition, a testing method was used. To assess the effectiveness of student educational activities, a rating is used which is determined by points set in a selected unifi scale with a clear gradation of the level of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and abilities. The rating is formed during the entire period of the student training. Results. In modern conditions, higher education is faced with the tasks of forming a specialist with stable incentives for further professional self-improvement, activation and development of student cognitive abilities, differentiation of training content and individualization of pedagogical infl in accordance with the level of student training. Conclusion. The authors conclude that one of the effective ways to solve these problems is to train students according to the modular-rating system.

A SCALE FOR MEASURING ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR OF MEMBERS OF FARMER PRODUCERS' ORGANIZATION

Entrepreneurial behavior is a complex behavior which includes essential traits for running enterprise successfully. For construction of an entrepreneurial behavior scale, experts opinion of 70 judges from five different state agricultural universities from Maharashtra and Gujarat state was considered. In present study, 10 main indicators of entrepreneurial behavior of FPO members were found relevant by more than 75 % judges. For calculating the scale value of each indicator, normalized rank method suggested by Guilford, (1954) was used. The scale indicators found relevant by the panel of judges with their respective scale values were viz,.Market orientation (7.44), Decision making ability (6.99), Economic motivation (6.42), Risk orientation (6.09), Planning ability (5.81), Self-confidence (4.66),Scientific orientation (4.45), Innovativeness (2.28), Communication skills (1.59) and Achievement motivation (1.09) .Under each indicator sub items were identified by arranging separate conference with experts, they were requested to score each of the sub item according to their importance in measuring the main indicator of entrepreneurial behavior. On the basis of their suggestions, a total of 73 statements of the identified indicators and 10 indicators with a maximum score of 341 were included in the final entrepreneurial behavior scale constructed under the study.

PERCEPTION OF AGRICULTURAL GRADUATES TOWARDS AGRICULTURE AS A PROFESSION

The present scenario of rising unemployment among the agricultural graduates must be replaced by taking up agriculture as their profession and also to increase the production and productivity in agriculture. Thus, a study was conducted in all the four State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat, to know the perception of agricultural graduates towards agriculture as a profession and to find out the characteristics that influence their perception. One college from each university was selected randomly. From each selected college thirty agricultural graduates were selected randomly. Thus, the total sample size was 120 agricultural graduates. The study was conducted using a questionnaire in the form of a google form. The study revealed that most of the agricultural graduates had medium level of perception towards agriculture as a profession. Age, academic performance, parental occupation, size of land holding, annual income, mass media exposure, achievement motivation, economic motivation, risk orientation and self-confidence had a positive and highly significant relationship; place of residence and agricultural business anxiety had a positive and significant relationship and family type and family size had a positive and non-significant relationship with the perception of agricultural graduates towards agriculture as a profession.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCALE ON ATTITUDE OF WOMAN FACULTIES TOWARDS PROFESSIONALISM

Professionalism is pertinent in all service-providing professions. Considerable number of women are pursuing their professional careers in agriculture and allied sectors in teaching, research and extension fields. Women aspires for adequate attention, honour and recognition in their professional life. Behaviour of their working, acquisition of habits, interest are all affected by the nature of attitudes. Appropriate scale was not developed so far to measure the attitude of woman faculties towards professionalism. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a scale for this purpose. The scale was developed particularly for measuring the attitude of woman working in state agricultural universities of Gujarat towards professionalism. The technique chosen to develop the attitude scale was 'Scale Product Method' which combines the Thurston's scale (1928) and Likert's scale (1932). A schedule of statements was prepared and sent to 100 judges in order to found its appropriateness on eleven point continuum. Based on 'S' value and 'Q' value calculated for each item, 16 items were finally selected to constitute the attitude scale. The developed attitude scale was found highly reliable with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and valid as per experts' judgments.

Определение запыленности учебных аудиторий Инженерно-технологического института

A dust is formed in the during of vital functions in towns and suburbs. Also dust is formed in the during of technology and industrial operations on the AIC enterprises and other enterprises. A dust is hazardous factor of worker's zone microclimate. A dust have is various composition, size and extraction. This dust is negative affect on people’s health and animals’ health, also electrical and electromechanical hardware have is negative effect too. The quality of products decrease. The environment, living and industrial premises are suffering from the dust. A dust penetrates through ventilation system from windows and doors and goes to the peoples’ clothes and boots. In the course of employment, the dust can hit to respiratory, visual organs and humans’ skin. That's why monitoring of dust in the environment and dust control is serious hygienic, social and economic task. To evaluate state of the environment have been measured of a dust concentration in the classes of Engineering-Technical institute of State Agricultural University of North Ural in the during of lessons. Students spend the significant part of their time on the lessons, therefore environment quality and concentration of dust is affect to students’ health. The researched class is located near with the big car interchange road, also near is located agricultural grounds and rail-roads. But measures have not identified excess of dust concentration. Keywords: DUST, VENTILATION, CLASSES, MONITORING OF THE STATE OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT

PGC-1α Is Indispensable in Purple Potato Promoted Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis

ObjectivesPurple potato (PP) is a good dietary source of polyphenol and promotes gut epithelial health. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of PP extract on mitochondrial biogenesis and evaluate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α in this.MethodsIn cultured colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells, the effects of PP extract on PGC-1α, cell differentiation, and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including mitochondrial DNA content, mitochondrial enzyme gene expression, and levels of metabolic intermediates, were first evaluated. Then, inhibition of PGC-1α induced by either inhibitor SR-18,292 or siRNA-mediated knockdown were used to evaluate its role in PP extract-promoted differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis.ResultsPP extract up-regulated the level of PGC-1α, mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the level of citric acid cycle metabolites in Caco-2 cells. Inhibition of PGC-1α eliminated the enhancing effects of PP extract on the expression of differentiation markers, mitochondrial metabolites and mtDNA content, as well as the mRNA expression of mitochondria-encoded proteins.ConclusionsPP extract promoted the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, which is in a PGC-1α-dependent way.Funding SourcesUnited States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) (2018-67,017-27,517) and Washington State University Agricultural Research Center Emerging Research Issues Competitive Grant.

Bio-fuels: Indian Scenario-A Review

In order to realize the goal of sustainability in a brisk and efficient way,waste oils can be recycled into highgrade ecofriendly fuel. In this process, there is approximately 85 percent less emission of carbon-di-oxidegas. Now-a-days, biofuel or its blend has totally reinstated the conventional transport fuel in many of thedeveloped countries. India has also done significant research and developmentin this field particularly inthe bio-fuel production and utilization. Nearly 800 million people residing in Indian rural areas have beenusing forest wood cut or bio-mass as their primary fuel source. The devastating impacts of massivedeforestation due to this practice are quite detrimental and challenging for environment and sustainability.To overcome these challenges, strong measures need to be taken so that waste-lands can be utilized for theproduction of ecofriendly fuels instead of deforestation. Government of India in December 2009 has alreadysanctioned the National policy for bio-fuels which promotes the use of alternate fuels and renewable energyresources as supplement of conventional chemical fuels like petrol and diesel (transport fuels). In addition,National Bio-diesel Mission (NBM) declared tree-borne oil-seeds of Jatropha curcas as the best source for theproduction of bio-diesel. Currently, many private and government institutes, state level bio-fuel boards,agricultural universities, industrial sectors and many other agencies are engaged in the bio-fuel projects aswell as in providing financial and technical support to such ventures. This review describes the need of biofuels,its mechanism of usage by various methods alongwith planning, challenges and future aspects of bio-fuels in India.

Development and validation of an optimized marker set for genomic selection in southern U.S. rice breeding programs.

The potential of genomic selection (GS) to increase the efficiency of breeding programs has been clearly demonstrated; however, the implementation of GS in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding programs has been limited. In recent years, efforts have begun to work toward implementing GS into the Louisiana State University (LSU) Agricultural Center rice breeding program. One of the first steps for successful GS implementation is to establish a suitable marker set for the target germplasm and a reliable, cost-effective genotyping platform capable of providing informative marker data with an adequate turnaround time. The objective of this study was to develop a marker set for routine GS and demonstrate its effectiveness in southern U.S. rice germplasm. The utility of the resulting marker set, the LSU500, for GS applications was demonstrated using four years of breeding data across 7,607 experimental lines and four elite biparental populations. The predictive ability of GS ranged from 0.13 to 0.78 for key traits across different market classes and yield trials. Comparisons between phenotypic selection and GS within biparental populations demonstrates similar performance of GS compared with phenotypic selection in predicting future performance. The prediction accuracies obtained with the LSU500 marker set demonstrates the utility of this marker set for cost-effective GS applications in southern U.S. rice breeding programs. The LSU500 marker set has been established through the genotyping service provider Agriplex Genomics, and in the future, it will undergo improvements to reduce the cost and increase the accuracy of GS.

Waste-free processing of lowland peat for production of liquid organomineral fertilizers

The Tyumen Region holds extensive resources of peat, which should be considered as a raw material for the production of organic and organomineral fertilizers. The purpose of this research is the development of a waste-free technology for the production of organomineral fertilizers based on humic substances of lowland peat. The tests of three grades of organomineral fertilizer were carried out in accordance with the State Test Methodology, and soil properties were determined in accordance with the relevant state standards (GOSTs). The humic acid extraction method developed at the General Chemistry Department of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University produces two types of waste in a large volume: a liquid sediment mixture after separation of humic substances from peat and a supernatant solution after precipitation of humic acids. At present, a non-waste method for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers from lowland peat has been patented. From a liquid sedimentary mixture of peat and humic substances, a peat–humic fertilizer is prepared for application to the soil. This fertilizer increases crop productivity and humus content, and reduces soil acidity. From the supernatant solution with fulvic acids, a huminomineral fertilizer is prepared for foliar feeding of plants. After centrifugation, a humic product is prepared from the gel of precipitated humic acids for pre-sowing, foliar and root feeding of plants. The products were tested on spring wheat, spring rapeseed, onion and apple trees. All products increased the yield and quality of products. The profitability of the production of three grades of organomineral (one product of each stage of production) fertilizer in comparison with the production technology of only one biostimulant is increased by 2.3 times. Currently, the procedure for their state registration is underway.

Physico-chemical Properties and Cost Analysis of Jaggery based Salubrious Snack Bar

Background: Snack bars are the one which helps to satisfy the appetite of the individual were often consumed in between the main meals. Optimum nutrition is the basic necessity for the good health, intake of balanced diet provides all the necessary nutrients that are required. Methods: In this laboratory experiment conducted during 2019-2020 at in Post Graduate and Research centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad eight different combination of snack bars were developed by using 35% jaggery concentration. Pineapple, beetroot and dates were in varied concentrations whereas, pumpkin seeds, oats and groundnuts were kept constant. Result: The combination with equal amounts of pineapple, dates and less amount of beetroot has highest acceptability followed by bar with high amount of pineapple greater than dates greater than beetroot. The lowest organoleptic parameters were for bar with highest amount of pineapple and equal amounts of beetroot and dates followed by highest amount of pineapple greater than beetroot greater than dates. The nutritional properties were good for developed snack bar compared to control where its moisture was 6.98±0.03%, ash was 1.57±0.02%, protein was 13.47±0.00%, fat was 6.36±0.14%, crude fibre was 8.40±0.00%, carbohydrate was 63.22±0.06 and energy was 357.24±0.13. It was shown that the 35% of jaggery combination has the best acceptance when compared to the other combinations. They had the good nutrient composition and are cost effective.

Registration of ‘Ho 07‐613’ sugarcane

Abstract‘Ho 07‐613’ (Reg. no. CV‐208, PI 699606) sugarcane (an interspecific hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected and evaluated by scientists at the USDA‐ARS, working cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc. It was released to growers in Louisiana in 2014. The cultivar was tested across the crop cycle (plant cane and first and second ratoon) at 12 farm locations and compared with ‘HoCP 96‐540’, the most widely grown cultivar in Louisiana during that time. The plant‐cane sucrose yield (Mg ha–1) of Ho 07‐613 was equivalent to HoCP 96‐540, and sucrose content was significantly higher. Ho 07‐613 has moderately early maturity and poor mature‐stalk cold tolerance. The cultivar is resistant to smut and Sorghum mosaic virus, tolerant of ratoon stunt, and moderately resistant to brown rust and leaf scald. It is moderately resistant to the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), and moderately responsive to glyphosate ripener. Ho 07‐613's high yield potential, low fiber, and disease resistance make it a useful addition to existing commercial sugarcane cultivars in Louisiana.

A Scale to Measure the Attitude of Organic Farmers towards Paramparagrat Krishi Vikas Yojana

Organic farming is considers as the medium and long term effect of agricultural interventions on the agro ecosystem. A scale has been developed for the study of attitude of organic famers towards PKVY. Attitude is a behavioural construct that cannot be measured by a single variable, hence there arise a need for developing a standardized instrument for its measurement. A method of Equal-Appearing Intervals was used to construct the attitude scale. A total of 60 attitude statements about PKVY scheme expressing varied degree of favourableness were collected and modified based on the Edward’s criteria. These statements were subjected to judge’s opinion by agricultural extension scientists of State Agricultural Universities and ICAR Research Institutes and field level extension workers. Based on expert’s response a standardized scale has been developed with 10 statements which are having universe of content, uniform distribution of scale values along the psychological continuum and high scale “S” values and lower Interquartile range “Q” values and more or less equal number of favourable and unfavourable attitude items. The selected statements were tested with validity and reliability.

WRGE 121: A high yielding mid-early duration pigeonpea variety for Southern Zone of India

A mid-early duration high yielding pigeonpea culture WRGE 121 as Telangana kandi-2 was developed at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana. and was released by Central Variety Release Committee during 2020. It obtained by the cross between parents WRGE-14 X IC-825406, it has a duration of 155-165 days, suitable for kharif sowing. This variety recorded yield on an average of 1677 kg/ha which is 30.71, 28.50 and 10.60 per cent higher over PT0012 (national check), TS-3R (Zonal check) and PRG-176 (local check), respectively. It recorded maximum yield of 3082 kg/ha in Gulbarga, Karnataka. The variety has 100 seed weight of 9.0 - 10.0 g with a protein content of 23.05 per cent. It is moderately resistant to fusarium wilt disease and tolerant to pod fly. The variety WRGE-121 is suitable for Southern Zone of India which includes Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. Keywords: Pigeonpea, midearly, south zone, high yielding, wilt

Necessity of Need Based English Language Curriculum for Agriculture Students

This study investigates the needs of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) learners for English communication, particularly the needs of First Year B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture Students from State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) in Maharashtra. This study was conducted with the specific objective whether to introduce ESP material in the agriculture curriculum. Learners’ responses clearly indicate that the current English course is vitally useful for them. According to them writing skill has the lion’s share in the course. While, listening, speaking and reading were got somewhat less allocation. Majority of the student respondents used to read books related to agriculture and several went for magazines, novels and newspaper. So also, some of the learners found to read materials like online materials, comics, literary works, poems, etc. Almost all the learners preferred supplementary material to be added to present English course. This means that the present English language course has a fair scope for improving to match the entire needs of the learners i.e. in-study, post-study, professional and social needs. The study implies that there is an imperative need of inclusion of ESP as supplementary material to present English course prescribed to B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture degree course.

Age Discrimination

Case: Morse v. Board of Supervisors Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College et al.

Development of crop yield forecast models under FASAL- a case study of kharif rice in West Bengal

Crop yield forecasts are prepared at District, State and National level under the ongoing project “Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agrometeorology and Land based observations (FASAL)”, operational at Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India in collaboration with Space Application Centre (SAC), Institute of Economic Growth (IEG) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). As per the mandate of the project, crop yield forecasts are being generated for 13 major crops. Different models are used by these organizations for generation of crop yield forecasts. Under FASAL project, IMD in collaboration with 46 Agromet Field units (AMFU) located at different State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), ICAR institutes, IITs, develops intra-seasonal operational yield forecast for the major crops during kharif and rabi seasons using statistical model. Within IMD, in addition to the Agricultural Meteorology Division, all the Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs) and Meteorological Centres (MCs), located in different states are also working in this project. Long period crop yield data as well as weekly weather data as per meteorological standard week have been used for development of the district level yield forecast models. For developing the yield forecast, models using composite weather variables have been studied. Simple and weighted weather indices have been prepared for individual weather variables as well as for interaction of two at a time considering throughout the crop growing season. Minimum data set required to develop the statistical model have also been mentioned in this paper. In order to demonstrate the data requirement, methodology for crop yield forecast through regression technique along with the interpretations, the relevant data of West Bengal have been taken up. National level crop yield forecast is prepared by the Mahalanabis National Crop Forecasting Centre (MNCFC) based on the state level forecast generated in IMD.