Standard GOST Research Articles

МЯСНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ ПРИ ВКЛЮЧЕНИИ В ИХ РАЦИОН ПРОБИОТИКА СУБ-ПРО

The possibility of including SUB-PRO probiotic instead of Maxus G feed antibiotic in the diet of broiler chickens of Ross 308 cross was studied to obtain products free of drugs for antimicrobial resistance usage. The dynamics of live weight and carcass weight of cockerels at 1-, 21-, 28-, 34-, 38- and 42-days old was determined. The males of the control group (group 1) reached live weight of 2619 ± 44.9, experimental - 2739 ± 46.2 or more by 4.38%, at P≤0.05 by 42 days of age, and those which received feed antibiotic ( group 3) - 2677 ± 45.1 (further, meat productivity of the latter was not studied, since they are not of practical importance). The mass of carcasses of the experimental group was equal to 1704 ± 23.1 g, which is 4.60% more than the control, at P≤0.05; the relative mass of muscle tissue increased with age by 10.78% in the experimental group in comparison with the 1-day -olds, in the control group - by 10.0%, whereas the mass of bones decreased by 16.75 and 16.59%, respectively (by the difference); the diameter of muscle fibers of superficial pectoral muscle of 42-day-old broilers of the experimental group increased with age by 6.94 times and amounted to 57.9 μm; in terms of microbiological parameters, carcass meat meets the requirements of the interstate standard GOST 31468—2012. At the age of 42 days, cockerels of the control group showed dystrophic changes in the superficial pectoral muscle in the form of an expansion of the endomysium diameter, with the accumulation of interfiber fluid (albuminous degeneration), while some cockerels of the experimental group have fibers with vacuoles and infiltration by immunocompetent cells (leukocytes, phagocytes). Adding SUB-PRO probiotic in the broilers’ diet instead of the feed antibiotic does not reduce productivity, but excludes the negative consequences of feed antibiotics.

Processing of High-Paraffinic vacuum residues by thermocatalytic methods to obtain bitumen

This work was conducted to discover ways of processing high-paraffin oil residues using thermochemical processes to obtain binders. The principal purpose of such treatment of high-paraffinic residues is in the thermocatalytic process which consists of dehydroesterification via oxidation of paraffins which increase bitumen’s low-temperature stability (Fraass breaking point). Thus the n-alkanes, via our thermocatalytic process, can form several carbonyl compounds and oxidised compounds (such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc.). The thermocatalytic process of petroleum’s raw materials in our research carried out in two stages, including the catalytic process, as well as the thermal oxidation by air-blowing process. In this study, we used a biturox reactor. We evaluated the content of paraffin with GOST 33139 and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (1H LF-NMR) relaxometry in high-paraffinic vacuum residues, and after our thermocatalytic process in the obtained product. Moreover, in order to ensure the reliability of results obtained through the processing of vacuum residues as well as the obtained product, various physicochemical methods were used. These investigation methods include SARA fractionation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and VNII NP analysis. Furthermore, the colloidal structures were studied using the Gaestel and Asphaltene Index. The tests were carried out to determine the bitumen’s quality under the Russian interstate standard GOST 33133-2014 and the European standard EN 12591.

THE RATIO OF VOLUNTARY AND MANDATORY USE OF STANDARDS IN FORENSIC ACTIVITIES

The purpose of this paper is to study the legislation on standardization in the Russian Federation, the provisions of international and national standards to consider the categories of «voluntary» and «mandatory» application of standards in various aspects in relation to forensic activities. An important issue for the study is to determine the conditions for the transition of a voluntary standard to the status of mandatory for a specific accredited forensic expert organization, as well as the levels of obligation within the applicable international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 «General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories». In the course of the study, the following conclusions were formulated. The mandatory application of standards is directly implemented through legislative approval. However, with the initial voluntary application, their provisions may become mandatory for a particular forensic laboratory, provided that it passes the accreditation procedure or in accordance with the terms of the contract with the forensic organization.

Digital vs Electronic

The authors attempt to determine which of two adjectives are preferable to be used to describe processes and/or objects of cognition within scientific disciplines related to modern libraries, and whether these two terms are the synonyms to be reasonably equally used. The history of the adjectives digital and electronic as well as of the related terms is described; the definitions are given as they appear in Oxford and Cambridge dictionaries of the English language. The modern-day use of these adjectives, in particular in library and information activities and studies is assessed. The findings of the analysis of the websites of major world library associations are presented, e.g. those of International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and American Library Association (ALA). The history of use and the current status of the adjectives digital and electronic in library and information practice and scientific studies are analyzed. Within the context of the problems set forward in the article, the state terminological standard GOST 7.0.103-2018 “Library and information services. Terms and definitions” is reviewed. The authors conclude that the two adjectives are synonymous and may be used equally when solving theoretical and/or practical problems in library and information activities and studies; and that the combinations digital/electronic libraries and digital/electronic library science are equally acceptable.

The production of food-grade protein matrix enriched with polyphenolic compounds from cranberry

The technology of innovative functional foodstuffs (FFSs) for the prophylaxis of type 2 diabetes involves supplementation with polyphenols (PPs) featuring hypoglycemic and/or hypolipidemic properties. The aim of the study presented was to develop an approach for the enrichment of food-grade protein matrix (PM)–coagulated egg albumen (CEA)–with PPs absorbed from cranberry juice (CJ). Concentration of total polyphenols (TPP) in gallic acid equivalents was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Concentration of total anthocyans (A) in cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents was determined using pH-differential spectrophotometry; profile of individual anthocyans was determined according to State Standard GOST 32709-2014. Concentrations of simple saccharides (SS) were determined by the reverse-phase HPLC. The PPs from 100 ml portions of CJ with different juice concentration were sorbed by 10 g portions of CEA. After preliminary incubation and centrifugation the precipitates were lyophilized. The sorption rates of TPP and A were determined as a difference between the initial concentration in cranberry juice and in corresponding supernatants after centrifugation. The quantification of TPP and A in the lyophilized precipitates involved triple elution by 1% solution of HCl in 80% ethanol at 55° C and subsequent ultrasound treatment. Maximal specific sorption for TPP and A from 100% CJ was 14.0 mg-eq. of gallic acid/g and 1.48 mg/g, respectively. Sorption rate for SS on the CEA was 30.3±3.1% of their initial concentration in CJ. The TPP/SS ratio in the enriched PM was 2.0 times higher as compared to CJ. The results of the study can be used in the development of new FFSs with antidiabetic properties.

Determination of Toxicity of Experimental Disinfectant

Excessive use and abuse of disinfectants over the past century has created problems associated with the emergence of resistant microorganisms. In addition, there is always a potential risk to human and animal health, as the use of aggressive disinfectants can lead to diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate the toxicity of an ex perimental disinfectant to determine the possibility of its use in the presence of humans and animals. Study material – an experimental product (water-soluble disinfection powder). Experimental studies were conducted at the premises of a certified vivarium of the ECOMEDCHIM regional centre of Sumy State University and Sumy National Agrarian University. Acute toxicity of the preparation was studied on 30 white mice weighing 19.5±1.0 and 15 white rats weighing 200±15.0 g. Determination of toxicity by prolonged oral administration was studied in two analogous groups of white rats, 6 animals each with a bodyweight of 185±10.0 g. The effect of the preparation on the state of internal organs was evaluated by comparing relative mass coefficients. The local irritating effect of the preparation was determined by skin applications on 10 rabbits weighing 2.97±0.3 kg. The disinfectant, when administered orally once at doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg of body weight, did not cause the death of experimental mice and rats. When administered orally for 30 days at a dose of 2,500 mg/kg of body weight, the disinfectant did not cause any negative and toxic effects on the body of experimental rats, did not affect the growth and development of rats, and did not cause changes in the relative mass of internal organs. It was found that the average manifestation of erythema in rabbits is 2.46. According to the study results, it was found that the disinfectant can be classified as Hazard Class 4 according to the international standard GOST 12.1.007-76, or Category 5 according to the international global classification Global Harmonised System (GHS) (LD50 with oral administration exceeds 5,000 mg/kg of body weight). The results obtained give grounds to assert the possibility of using an experimental disinfectant in the presence of humans and animals

Thử nghiệm gia tốc đánh giá tính chất bảo vệ cho thép kết cấu của một số hệ sơn phủ trong môi trường biển đảo

This article presents some testing results of some coatings for structural steel by Vietnam - Russia tropical center to preserve weapons and equipment in tropical conditions of Vietnam. The coatings studied include: polyurethane, epoxy, alkyd paints. The test method number 9 in standard GOST 9.401-91 was chosen to simulate conditions of sea atmosphere. Acceleration test results can be used as a reference in selecting coatings for structural steel to protect weapons and equipment in the sea atmosphere to prevent the risk of damage to equipment and structures.

Формування якісної технічної документації до програмного забезпечення

There is a problem that when creating software products, many companies pay attention to software development, rather than the formation of documentation. Therefore, the paper presents the importance of forming documentation for software. The concept of documentation quality in accordance with quality models, which are divided into basic and corporate, was considered. It was determined that the quality of the technical documentation for software systems is determined by three aspects: the content, presentation and representation. In accordance with the ISO/IEC-9126 standard, which consists of four components, life cycle documentation was presented, as well as its characteristics and sub-characteristics that can be used to analyze and evaluate the quality of documentation. This standard applies to software that is an information product. In turn, the information product can be considered as documentation. The quality of the information product can be assessed by measuring the following properties - internal, external properties, quality in use. But it should be noted that not all the characteristics and sub-characteristics that contain these quality models are applicable for the formation of useful-oriented documentation. Therefore, the following characteristics were chosen for the analysis: functional suitability (completeness and correctness) and quality in use (appropriateness recognizability, helpfulness, attractiveness). The structures of documents presented in the standard GOST 19.101-77, which are components of the program documentation as a type of technical documentation, were also given. Building quality software documentation requires constant monitoring and analysis of its correctness and quality, as well as the formation of modern requirements for its quality, so that the documentation was convenient, accessible to use and as informative as possible. Therefore, the problem of building quality technical documentation is urgent and relevant for further research.

Проект третьего национального стандарта России по быстрому автоматическому обучению больших сетей корреляционных нейронов на малых обучающих выборках биометрических данных

The aim of the study is to show that a biometrics-to-access code converter based on large networks of correlation neurons makes it possible to obtain an even longer key at the output while ensuring the protection of biometric data from compromise. The research method is the use of large «wide» neural networks with automatic learning for the implementation of the biometric authentication procedure, ensuring the protection of biometric personal data from compromise. Results of the study - the first national standard GOST R 52633.5 for the automatic training of neuron networks was focused only on a physically secure, trusted computing environment. The protection of the parameters of the trained neural network converters biometrics-code using cryptographic methods led to the need to use short keys and passwords for biometric-cryptographic authentication. It is proposed to build special correlation neurons in the meta-space of Bayes-Minkowski features of a higher dimension. An experiment was carried out to verify the patterns of kkeystroke dynamics using a biometrics-to-code converter based on the data set of the AIConstructor project. In the meta-space of features, the probability of a verification error turned out to be less (EER = 0.0823) than in the original space of features (EER = 0.0864), while in the protected execution mode of the biometrics-to-code converter, the key length can be increased by more than 19 times. Experiments have shown that the transition to the mat space of BayesMinkowski features does not lead to the manifestation of the “curse of dimension” problem if some of the original features have a noticeable or strong mutual correlation. The problem of ensuring the confidentiality of the parameters of trained neural network containers, from which the neural network converter biometrics-code is formed, is relevant not only for biometric authentication tasks. It seems possible to develop a standard for protecting artificial intelligence based on automatically trained networks of Bayesian-Minkowski correlation neurons.

Immobilization of Rhenium as a Technetium Surrogate in Aluminum Iron Phosphate Glass

Samples of sodium aluminum iron phosphate glass were synthesized containing rhenium as a surrogate of technetium from radioactive waste. The phase composition, structure and water resistance of the obtained glasses were investigated. It was shown that the samples with the rhenium oxide inclusion up to 2.88 wt % are X-ray amorphous and homogeneous, and their anionic motif corresponds to the glassy one. It was found that the oxidation state of rhenium in the obtained glasses is Re(VII), and 97% of iron is in the form of Fe(III) and 3% in the form of Fe(II). The glass was established to be highly resistant to leaching at 90°C. The rate of Re leaching from glasses in accordance with the international product consistency test (PCT) and the semi-dynamic test of State Standard GOST R 52126-2003 is no more than 6 × 10–6 and 3 × 10–6 g/(cm2 day), respectively.

Advanced liquid epoxy and polyurethane materials: internal and external coatings for pipeline and tubing protection

The paper discusses anticorrosive materials developed by JSC “СRONOS SPb” for different application for oil/gas industry. A series of coatings were tested for compliance with industrial Russian and international standards. Epoxy KronEpur 80 and KronEpur NKT coatings for the internal surfaces of pipelines and tubing with high Tg comply with Russian state standard GOST 58346. KronTag developed for RFID tags protection meet the requirements for internal coatings according GOST 58346. Hybrid epoxy-urethane coating Eton-SAP has extremely low operational thickness. Repairing material Polykron-R tested by DIN EN 10290.

Additive Technology Methods for Manufacturing Permanent Magnets

The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of using the selective laser melting method for production of permanent magnets. This process allows to manufacture not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products by adding material layer by layer and bonding particles and layers to each other. We have considered the application areas of selective laser melting (SLM) based on powders obtained by different methods for the study. In addition, we have analyzed the traditional magnetic alloy casting technology, studied magnetic materials, and compared the powder magnet properties with standard data. We have found that the parameters of powders obtained by gas atomization are qualitatively superior to those of powders obtained using other methods, whereas the resulting magnets meet the requirements for magnets. Based on the 25Kh15KA alloy powder atomized by gas atomization, a SLM plant allows to manufacture permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59–7.55 g/cu.cm, which meets the requirements recommended by the State Standard GOST 24897-81, and to obtain the magnet properties that can be achieved using traditional metallurgical technologies.

Prospects for the use of a drug based on a complex of fatty acid esters in models of laboratory animals in vivo

In this work we carried out studies of the first obtained micellar composition of fatty acid esters with allantoin on a water basis to determine its local irritant effect and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of burns. It was found that there was a sequential change in the phases of the burn wound process in all groups. During the observation period, wound suppuration was not observed; there were 4 cases of a complicated course of the wound process and a fatal outcome in the control group. When conducting studies of local irritant effects, the assessment was carried out in points, in the experimental group it was on average 2 points as for the animals of the control group. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that the drug, when applied to the skin according to the interstate standard GOST ISO 10993-10—2011, has a weak degree of response to irritation in guinea pigs. The application of a permissive dose of the drug to sensitized guinea pigs does not cause a response from the skin, which indicates the absence of allergenic properties in this composition.

Эффективность гетероструктурных фотоэлектрических модулей на территории России и корректность методики выбора защитных аппаратов в их цепях

The aim of this study was to estimate the efficiency of photovoltaic modules (PVM) used at solar power plants (SPP) in the Russian Federation territory and to analyze how adequate the procedure adopted for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits is. In carrying out the study, a solar power plant analysis model developed in the PVSyst software environment using the SolarGIS weather database was used. The currently effective State Standard GOST R 56978-2016 (IEC/TS 62548: 2013): Photovoltaic Arrays. Specifications, which stipulates the procedure for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits, is analyzed for sufficiency of the considered in it factors influencing the levels of currents in these circuits. Based on the modeling results, the values of the specific generated power were obtained, and the capacity utilization factor (CUF) values of SPPs were calculated for various regions of Russia. The data obtained can be used in performing the feasibility studies of constructing solar power plants in the Russian Federation territory, including those to be used for the consumers own needs. This data may also be needed in elaborating/updating the methodology for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits. A conclusion can be drawn based on the obtained study results that the PVM operation features high efficiency in the Russian Federation territory. There is also a need to develop a procedure for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits that would take into account the influence of insolation level, temperature and degradation of modules on the levels of short circuit currents in their circuits.

Исследование показателей качества электроэнергии на этапе проектирования авиационного синхронного генератора

The article addresses a comprehensive study of the quality indicators of the voltage produced by an aircraft synchronous generator. The study is carried out by applying a finite element analysis performed using the ANSYS Maxwell software package taking as an example the three-phase 115/200 V AC aircraft power supply system with a constant frequency of 400 Hz. To check the possibility of applying a finite element analysis, an analytical calculation of an aircraft synchronous generator was performed; its model was constructed in the ANSYS Maxwell software package environment, and the generator operation was simulated in its idle running mode and under the conditions of its balanced and unbalanced load. A finite element analysis of the model with an external electrical circuit connected to it is carried out. The construction and connection of electrical circuits makes it possible to implement the generator operation in different modes for obtaining the output phase voltage waveforms. Based on the simulation results, the electric power quality indicators (the amplitude coefficient, voltage modulation, voltage imbalance, phase voltage shift, distortion coefficient and harmonic components) have been estimated in the steady-state mode for their compliance with the normative values specified by the State Standard GOST R 54073-2017. By using the proposed method, it is possible to estimate the generated voltage quality indicators at the stage of developing an electromechanical converter, which will help reduce the time and cost of electrical machine design process.

Energy and material saving technologies for construction of main pipelines for oil and gas transportation

Based on the study and analysis of technologies and technical means for transporting oil and gas through main pipelines, energy and material-saving methods of their construction are scientifically substantiated. A method for designing trunk oil and gas pipelines with variable wall thickness is proposed, which is possible under the conditions of the current interstate standard GOST 31447-2012. The technique is based on the use of methods of mathematical and statistical modeling and construction of a multifactor experiment and processing of experimental data. Based on the results of the construction of the model, the optimal parameters for the construction of pipelines were found, new technical solutions were proposed that would significantly reduce the energy and material consumption of laying pipes during one run, i.e. between transfer pumping stations.

Modernization of information-measuring systems for grain processing

The paper discusses the basic operation principles of information-measuring systems for optimization wheat grain processing. The quality of grain processing products (cereals, flour, etc.) is influenced by both weather and climatic factors and grinding technologies. The modern development of information technologies makes it possible to modernize the existing information-measuring systems for grain processing and create new ones through the development of algorithms for analyzing the physical characteristics of the grain mass. During the study, test grinding of wheat grains of different varieties was carried out in a laboratory mill. To increase the yield of the finished product, digitalization of the selection of optimal grain separation modes was used. The obtained mathematical models allow predicting the quality of grain separation in separators of various types. The digitalization of the grain processing industry includes the use of artificial neural networks to analyze images of the grain mass using computer vision algorithms. It is promising to increase the information content of granulometric analysis using modern intelligent (information-measuring) systems. For the classification of wheat according to the milling properties, it is proposed to use the grain hardness. The studies used computer vision and artificial neural networks to find and organize the particles of grain grinding by geometric properties. The characteristics of the contours of the images of the grinding particles were taken into account. The values obtained by the developed information-measuring system were compared with that obtained using the Russian State Standard GOST methods. The error in assessing the grain hardness by the new method does not exceed 3.5%. The use of modern information tools allows improving the quality of wheat grain processing.

Control of low-temperature characteristics of motor fuels in the Arctic

The article considers the conditions of motor and tractor machinery’s continuous operation in the Arctic on account of fuel system modernization and changes in the composition and type of fuel. We analyzed the low-temperature characteristics of fuel used in motor vehicles operated in the Arctic and the specifics of their operation on different fuels. It is shown that due to additional operations, fuel used in the Arctic is more expensive, and, when operated at low temperatures, vehicles need to be equipped with additional systems (electric heating of filters, fuel stand-pipes, etc.). Special requirements are placed on fuel quality assurance according to the regulatory documentation and manufacturing technology. The requirements for moisture content of gas fuel used in the Arctic shall be more stringent as compared with those in State Standard GOST 27577-2000.

Имитатор импульсных высоковольтных перенапряжений

The electrical circuit of a simulator of pulse high voltage overvoltages with an amplitude of up to 10 kV DC, which is intended for testing the stability of solid-state power converters to emergency conditions according to item 4.9.3.5 of State Standard GOST 33726-2016, is proposed. By using the developed simulator, a high voltage pulse with the required values of amplitude, duration, and rising and falling rates can be obtained. Analytical expressions are derived that describe, with sufficient accuracy, the transients in the electrical circuits of the proposed pulse high voltage overvoltage simulator, which is confirmed by computer simulation carried out in the MATLAB Simulink environment. Based on the obtained theoretical results, a mockup simulator for testing the stability of a high-voltage power converter to overvoltage of a given shape and amplitude has been developed. The results of practical use of the developed simulator on the example of testing the PSN110 U1 auxiliary converter are given. The article may be of interest to specialists who design equipment for carrying out overvoltage tests of solid-state high-voltage converters for both railway transport and industrial applications.

Построение функции генерации криптографически стойких псевдослучайных последовательностей на базе алгоритма шифрования «Кузнечик»

Purpose: increasing the cryptographic strength level of the pseudo-random sequence generation function based on the «Kuznechik» encryption algorithm. Research methods: methods for constructing pseudo-random sequence generators using a strong cryptographic algorithm as a generation function in accordance with the recommendations of NIST SP 800-90. Methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics (statistical hypothesis testing, Pearson’s criterion), methods for estimating the entropy of a random process. Results: а method for development of the main component of the deterministic generator – the function for generating pseudo-random sequences based on the «Kuznechik» encryption algorithm (Russian encryption standard GOST R 34.12-2015) due to a number of the original algorithm modifications is proposed. Features of the algorithm allow to use it in a mode that combines the advantages of the well-known encryption modes of block ciphers (OFB and CTR encryption modes). A procedure for generating round keys and other modifications of the algorithm that increase its security while maintaining its performance have been developed and implemented. The generator operation was evaluated on the basis of the statistical properties of the output sequences (NIST SP 800-22 tests), Pearson’s χ2 criterion, and min-entropy (NIST 800-90B tests). According to the characteristics mentioned above, the proposed generation function is comparable with the reference version based on GOST 34.12-2015 «Kuznechik», but exceeds it in terms of security.